1、妩媚人生 http:/ 翻译120-140词） 2.阅读量大（40min完成一篇篇章词汇阅读、一篇信息搭配、两篇篇章阅读理解，30分钟完成听力部分的读题、听材料和做题） 3.词汇量大（生词难词较多） 4.时间紧张（考试时间为2小时10分钟，考生往往做完阅读题就快到时间了，翻译会做的非常潦草）,妩媚人生 http:/ 2、以真题为最主要的备考资料，认真听讲，熟记方法，仔细揣摩，反复练习（尤其是听力和阅读）。 3、树立必胜的信心。四级考试并没有想象中那么难以通过。只要方法得当、练习适度、词汇量足，定能顺利甚至高分通过 4、要有恒心。只依赖技巧，不做任何准备和练习的考试是不会成功的。,妩媚人生 ht
2、tp:/ 作文讲解,CET作文评分标准：,1.CET作文题采用总体评分(Global scoring， Reward scores)方法, 就总的印象给出分数. 2. 从内容、结构和语言三个方面进行综合评判。要考虑作文是否切题,是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。 只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分(按规定写三段的作文) 3.阅卷具体标准分为五等：2分，5分，8分，11分及14分，每一等都可上下浮动一分。各等的具体标准如下：,本题满分为15分. 共分五等：2-4分、5-7分、8-10分、11-13分及14-15分。2-4分
3、 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误，且多数严重错误。5-7分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8-10分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当，多其中有一些是严重错误。 11-13分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14-15分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误,评分标准：,高分作文标志,1、长短句交叉； 2、会使用插入语； 3、用词多样，准确，形象，尽量使用能 够吸引阅卷老师眼球的闪光词； 4、关键词换用，切勿老用重复词； 5、句型使用准确、地道。,7,大学英语四
4、级作文高分技巧,首先，卷面一定要清晰、干净、整洁。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字的中间画道横线 第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。一般情况下，中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。 第三，开好头，结好尾。 第四，按要求的字数写，可以比要求的字数稍微多一点。字数少了给人的感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，阅卷老师心理会烦，你的分数会受影响。,遵循科学的写作步骤A. 审题 B. 组织素材 C. 撰写提纲 D. 行文 E. 修改与修订,四级写作内容篇,题材现实性四级写作的题材具有显著的现实性，基本可以分为两大类：1. 贴近大学生的学习工作及课余生活的校园题材2. 论
5、及当前社会的现象、发展变化及进步的热点话题。,1. Recreational Activities (2008. 6) 2. What Electives to Choose (2007. 12) 3. Welcome to Our Club (2007. 6) 4. Volunteers Needed (2006. 6) 5. letter apply for a Bank Loan (2012.6) 6. The importance of learning basic skills (2013.6) 7. The importance of reading literature (201
6、3.6) 8. Doing big things Starts from doing the small one (2013.6),校园题材,1. Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags (2008. 12) 2. Spring Festival Gala on CCTV (2006. 12) 3 How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent? （2010） 4. Education pays (2012.12) 5. On excessive Packaging (2012.12) 6.
7、Online Shopping (2011) 7.overusing mobile phone(2013.12),社会热点话题,12,三、英语写作困境与对策,一、滔滔不绝“意识流”,有一部分考生在考试时一见到作文题，便感到很对自己的胃口，觉得有很多内容要写。于是乎千言万语涌上心头，写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句尚未写完便接上了后一句，辛辛苦苦写了一大堆（甚至有写11个自然段的）犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷的老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。 意识流创作有两种表现：自由分段 语言杂乱,14,我们不妨把作文的要求量化到每一个段落：一篇120词左右的作文一般不会超过12句话，把这12句话根据题目要求分配到各
8、段中去，每一段大约只说那么几句话，绝不多说。 事实上往往是说得越多，错误越多。因此，跟着提纲走，每一段不要写得太多，点到为止，见好就收，这才是最稳妥的对策。,对策:,15,二、真情流露没必要,考试时，监考老师通常发现有的考生坐在那里根本就是在玩深沉，他在那里思考人生的伟大哲理；他在那里要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一个措施，非要显得与众不同。陷入这种境地的考生，显然犯了一个根本性的错误。参考时间为30分钟的作文，一般应该在25分钟之内完成，再用几分钟的时间检查语言错误。不管原因也好，措施也好，某一考生想到的任何一点，很可能命题人早已料到，而且肯定会被成千上万的考生重复无数遍。因而曾经令自己
9、激动一时的想法，在判卷的老师看来全无感觉。规定式作文的拓展空间本来就非常有限，所以“真情流露”是没有必要的。,16,对策 ：,写作的三个角度：语言第一位；结构第二位；内容第三位 要求：结构简单，语言卓越，内容只要相关即可,17,三、用词贫乏，句式单一,许多考生的作文错误倒不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使用如more and more, I think, as you know等表达，并且句子结构过于简单。 统计结果表明，差的作文中简单句多，而好的作文简单句少；差的作文从句、连词、分词结构出现的频率大大低于好的作文；差的作文中关键词和同义表达出现的频率低于好的作文。用词的丰富和句式的多
10、样应该主要通过多看好文章，仔细琢磨好文章中的用词和句子来提高。换句话说，也就是要从阅读中学习写作。,18,对策: 少用垃圾词汇,垃圾词汇：good 替代语 ：positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望的)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding 垃圾词汇: helpful 典型例句:Sth is helpful (to sb) 替代语 conducive有助于 E.g Sth is conducive to sb,19,四级写作中如何选词,20,Compare the Following Se
11、ntences,We should use different ways to get to know the society. We ought to make use of various methods to get to know the society. We are supposed to take advantage of diverse means to get to know the society.,21,选词的基本原则,尽量用四级范围内的积极的,活跃的,常用的词或词组。 尽量用表达最贴切,最生动,最有力的词或短语。 尽量用最符合所写话题,所用文体的词或表达。,22,四级考
12、生在措词方面存在的问题：,1、可供“调遣”的词汇量贫乏，用词大部分局限于中学词汇。 比如，我们一提到“重要的”，大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词， 那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词：significant, vital, crucial, critical， etc,23,2、表达相近意义时，常重复用一个词，用词单调。 Eg. Big =great, large, huge, vast, titanic, enormous etc.,24,策略,1、调动大学期间学过的更生动，更丰富的词汇表达意思。 Eg. 引起、导致 Cause, lead to, result in
13、, bring about, give rise/birth to,25,2、用具体，生动，有针对性的词语。 Eg. 利用 Use, make use of, make (good, effective, wide, wise, full) use of sth, take (full) advantage of,26,3、文中如需要多次表达同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等避免重复使用同一词。 Eg. 适应 Adapt to, adjust to, makefit, get used to, be accustomed to,27,经典替换词,1.people, persons： individ
14、uals, characters, folks 2. good： positive, favorable, rosy (美好的)，promising (有希望)，perfect, pleasurable , excellent, outstanding 3. bad: dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse,29,4. many: an army of, an ocean of, a sea of, a multitude of , a large number of5.some : a slice of, quite a few , several6. th
15、ink : take the attitude that, hold the view that, it is widely shared that, it is universally acknowledged that (因为是书面语，所以要加that),7. thing : affair, business ,matter8. sb take interest in : sth appeals to sb, sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb 9. aspect: feild, dimension, sphere 10.not agree
16、with: frown on sth, be against , disagree with sth，disapprove of,31,11: more and more: increasingly, growing 所以当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing. 修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly (注意没有growingly 这种形式). Eg. sth has gained growing popularity. Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth. 12. helpful : benefi
17、cial, rewarding 13. customer: shopper, client, consumer, purchaser,32,14. very: exceedingly, extremely 15. cause: give rise to, lead to, result in, trigger 16. reasons for sth : There are several reasons behind sth 17. remember : bear in mind that,1) 大多数人 most people the majority of the population2)
18、 经常 oftenfrequently3) 我相信 I believe from my standpoint, from my perspective4) 必须 must it is a must for us to5) 知道 know be aware of6) 因为 becausein that7) 最后 at lasteventually,ultimately8) 然而 buthowever,while9) 如果 ifprovided that, supposing10) 各行各业的人 all kinds of people people from all walks of life11
19、) 引起，导致 lead to contribute to12) 人 people individuals, folks13) 好的 gooddesirable, benefitial14) 怀的 badundesirable15) 很多many numerous, tremendous 16) 越来越more and more a increasing/mounting number of,17) 很veryextremely18) 方面sideaspects19) 表明 showdemonstrate, indicate20) 利用 useutilize21) 因此/结果sotherefo
20、re22) 部分 partproportion23) 提高 improveenhance24) 改变 changetransform25) 强调/重视 emphasize attach great importance to26) 培养 developcultivate,foster27) 破坏 destroyundermine28) 解决 deal with tackle /figure out29) 普遍的 everywhereuniversal30) 明显的obviousapparent31) 在当今社会in the modern societyin the current societ
21、y32) 使 makeenable,四级作文常见连接词总结,妩媚人生 http:/ example, for instance, as an example, as an illustration, such as, a case in point is, to illustrate, in particular, specifically, say, next, namely, that is, like, take as an example, etc.,妩媚人生 http:/ 让步过渡词,although, however, nevertheless, in spite of,it is
22、 true but, even though, but, granted that, yet, at the very worst, admittedly, though, stillafter all, of course, clearly, and still, etc.,妩媚人生 http:/ as, since, for, owing to, because of, due to, on account of, as a result of, for the reason, result from,thus, so, hence, therefore, accordingly, con
23、sequently, for this reason, on that account, as a consequence, it follows that, result in, contribute to,妩媚人生 http:/ a few days eventually (ultimately) at that time in the meantime meanwhile afterward from then on,妩媚人生 http:/ addition furthermore whats more whats worse,妩媚人生 http:/ while on the contr
24、ary (相反) by contrast （对比之下）by comparison,6.表示对比关系,42,写作的“七项基本原则”,43,一、长 短 句原则,工作还得一张一驰呢，老让读者读长句，累死人！写一个短小精辟的句子，相反，却可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果我们把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual ne
25、ed of mind, they are in a way quite similar.,44,国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！ 特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！ To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly.,二、主题句原则,45,1
26、）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly（推荐） 2）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 3）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 4）most important of all, moreover, finally 5）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况） 6）for one thing, for another th
27、ing（适用于两点的情况）,三、一二三原则,46,写文章还是应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。 走出房间， 空洞的表达方式：walk out of the room 小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room 小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room 小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room 老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room,四、多实少虚原则,47,五、修辞修饰原则,文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一
28、个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个词，一个个短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！ Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.,48,六、挑战极限原则,原理：在
29、学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单， 看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如： The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！,Practice,As can be seen in the drawin
30、g, a man is standing on top of the highest of many mountains while looking at something far away. (简单描述图画，不一定非要用图中原话，自己理解概括即可）The more materials you possess in your base, the greater the potential. That is, the higher on the mountain you are, the farther you can see.,If you want to be considered as
31、the man who can see further than anyone else, you must stand on giants shoulders. Needless to say, if you were to stand at the foot of a mountain, mountains would be all around you, surrounding you, blinding you. You can only see a small piece of the sky when looking up, just like a frog at the bott
32、om of a well. If the frog wants to see the outside world, it must jump out of the well to broaden its range of vision. ,If we want to make more progress in our present study, we must base our research on previous theories and results. ,This simple picture represents a situation that every person mus
33、t face: when approaching a junction, which direction should one choose? 简洁明了说明图片表达的意思 疑问句引出下文 ,Most viewers can empathize with the sense of hesitation and uncertainty embodied in such an image. Without exception, everyone has to make choices in life, whether they concern school, career, or love. Whi
34、le some choices are simple, one cannot avoid the task of making difficult decisions. ,Choices are often directly related to ones happiness. University students,for example, 例证face a hard and crucial decision upon graduating. Many students have difficulty deciding whether to continue studying or begi
35、n developing a career. Every individual is different, and one must take the factors of ones personal life into consideration. In addition to an awareness of specific circumstances, however, making the right choice also depends on correct appraisal of oneself.,In order to choose correctly, therefore,
36、 one must be both realistic and self-aware. Furthermore, once having made a decision, one should seriously accept and pursue the path one has chosen, and strive towards the realization of ones goal with spirit.,第二篇范文,In the picture we can see a man standing at a crossroad with two similar roads, and
37、 trying to decide which way to take. In daily life we are often faced with such choices. More often than not, we have to make cardinal decisions independently. This moment is very important for everyone to go through. ,In order to make a decision that we will not regret, we should bear these two pri
38、nciples in mind: thinking before acting, and never missing any opportunities that arise. On one hand, we should have an apparent, objective judgment about ourselves while maintaining a clear idea about the world around us. On the other hand, we should also think about opportunity. Many people may no
39、t quite agree with this and think that opportunity is so rare that only the luckiest people come across it. However, opportunity is open to everyone and one should make good,use of it when confronted with it. One should take advantage of it just like the proverb states: “Opportunities are only from
40、the prepared minds.”,So when one is faced with choices the next time, remember that using the mind and taking advantage of good opportunities will pave the way to success.,As can be seen from the drawings, the father has planted a small tree that grows into a big one and is left to his son to enjoy.
41、 Years later, his son sits under the big tree enjoying its shade. 第一段图画描述。仅用2-3句话即可。,In social development, we should not over utilize our natural resources, as in the case of forests. A reasonable use of forests and reforestation are the best choices in the long run. Human beings should plan ahead
42、when it comes to social development. Even though trees are in short demand today, we must still keep,the deforestation under control, for we do not want to eliminate all of our forests, which are essential to our existence. Reforestation is another wise practice. We may not fully benefit from planti
43、ng trees for the time being, but we must continue doing so, since it will be beneficial to later generations. ,the goal of school education.,As can be seen from the cartoon, a teacher is standing in the front of a classroom, and behind him stands a blackboard full of items of school education goals.
44、 The teacher says to students what he expects the students to be.（没用图中原话） the students are all listening to the teacher at a loss, eyes wide open.,Obviously, what the teacher orders the students to do conflicts with the goal of school education. The cartoon is a display of modern education system wh
45、ich is more often than not paradoxical: on the one hand, school education aims at cultivating fully developed talents who are creative and have sound judgment in principle; on the other hand, when it comes to everyday teaching, these goals are left far behind, as teachers would rather students obeye
46、d their commands.,I strongly hold that school education should be oriented to the development of students and particularly lay emphasis on training the innovative minds. Therefore, instead of teaching students to be oebdient, teachers should encourage students to think independently and critically.,the belief that difficult circumstances serve as a textbook of life.,The difference of individual One sizes fit all 以高考为例，不能一刀切。要因人而异，因材施教,
