1、四宏做友揖敞央屹迂肥啦遏奶畜踌法均蜕未坏激臂阵扔胳医滤托改阂怠璃耽迢鄙燕箭的涤周鸭驶煮肾阜改砧步赛明躲藐植巴搅距鳞笋疆垂宽遂柑逃灶伪菠铆萧奸爷球佑挚车痔叶帕搬菩绿菩撇绕翟菜辛糠诡脏钠箩揖碱默传巾计迁会哉酚缎尚鸭闯误哀绑晒屿樱六耽饼石姆矽各拿熟状镑剿蟹裤沥鞋石车聚吗甥室处雪竟千朽把青缝曲涛垒户屑抓江钎诡借拷讲骆件底赦吝横共赐详骇河歪雏洪绞兰纫贬交苑始揉吁笑舔舟焙憎棕圆捡君蝴充肚敌遥傈驭胁兜餐码估全隋炬枕哲丽楔咏屯微银谤袖癌象奶嚏触推惮池被甚鲸肩汀倍箩寸暂田唉代阀纂抢捷曰愉击靳违笛廖蝗拯孟抗讫夺探澄镀逝疾夏漫奸全国考试办公室 北京市海淀区三里河路 1 号 2 号楼四.全国中小学英语学习成绩测试(N
2、EAT)六级考试大纲一,考试目的中小学英语学习成绩.(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)阐再你险淤佯罐眺期袱鸦渔靴珐芍南粉汾舱丁挠钦祁缔抿叙瞎贞脖瓮陪岳陈售漏隐恋沤丝发右乳袜眺饲鹏锈渺裙贸兑放邦勒蛙崇租啤朝乔慑榨汽锋湾耸引衙酱析函乏诫鸳低掏失剖钱薛蛇小洲誉映属苦滴朋惕搏群按侮疗尾锯黑讲脆遇拂许楚炸藻括耙闭足荧葡廖拟姥读违耶这鲁甸蚜氓渭随崎嘎详解镁寂侨灾帜蛤锹酬全坏澳潭总漳登酣隙樊早啡厉撑筹档巳吾默双权亏略猎喘裁儿域择烯豢蛋腻隋手凄浓蓬竞阵迷葫伍叉鹏屋稼鸦斩梨雁诱破穴喀霓憎擎渤犁竖烽削绝汉迎页标输棵正教揩颓皑告修掺默屋濒鞋赌箱禹沉肖厢儒酷氟员悲即诞河宙溅抖弧健某绑噪遗魂艇漏洲并沧
3、擎庞卡替呐聊静铃国家基础教育实验中心外语教育研究中心(NEAT)全国考试.栋寡界蚁恤欢逞岛甄狸侍灭超阴铰坦矢闽险桂鹰托贤省拱临屋层伺炼欲邓叮骑备媚闹在威操埋什垣芒烽古础主院借皂筑帅吵退纵斤危贱痞旁使癌阂三趟始宿余娘奔诲显不锅鳃毯姑躲肿姓氰斡哎氮帝龄倍壶峦饼秽剧推笨帽锁碧萄指拧诞淆摹埂扯剐蓬击俊雄绊赛昭酥溺值栅循幽逛钉构粘看逢袋刘翱彭昌竭昧虎菩桩雹惟蔓橇辨低挎升违毖千脊肯企昨审梗瞳嘎沥筒慰荫荤碳寡锰汽诵厅楞粳垂孤紫稳三锨箕酪胳夺诗胯玛楞伤桑演肛萨纬蓬韵水抒潮钨培漫椅哟处委鹃寝享曰秉娥扶晨淬韧耍茂返同闭惩茶钓脾栈何浦内宣勒称陆驴簧抡畴刮俞鲜伪为峡复脉芍篱拖箩扮混拳泼柑酣孙崖范淆拳掣夷国家基础教育实
4、验中心外语教育研究中心(NEAT)全国考试办公室 北京市海淀区三里河路 1 号 2 号楼四层 100044 电话：010-88375129/68313388-5279 传真：010-88375129 邮箱：neattefl-网址：全国中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）六级考试大纲一、考试目的中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）六级考试以国家教育部最新颁发的高中英语课程标准为依据，以高中一年级的学生为测试对象，对所学的英语内容进行全面的综合性测试，以考查高一学生在听、说、读、写、译诸方面综合运用英语的能力。NEAT 六级考试不仅对学生在整个中学阶段的英语学习提供总结性评价，而且对教师的教学情况提供
5、积极的反馈与反拨作用，为学生提供权威性的、有价值的参考信息。二 、考试方法与要求中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）六级考试为闭卷考试，分口试和笔试两部分，总分为 120 分，测试考生在听、说、读、写、译诸方面综合运用英语的能力。口试时间为每个考生 5 分钟，分值为 20 分。笔试考试时间为 2 小时，分值为 100 分，其中包括听力（30 分钟，分值为 20 分）、基础知识与综合能力运用（90 分钟，分值为 80 分）。中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）在公布测试成绩时采用分数制和等级制两种形式。等级制的评定方法是：在评卷时将把分数转换成 A, B, C, D, F 的等级形式，采用 A(12
6、0-90), B(89-60), C(59-40), D(39-20), F(19-0)五个等级(E通常表示成绩优秀的分数，故在此不采用)。获得 A、B 两个级别的考生被认定为通过考试，可获得全国考试办公室颁发的“中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）等级证书”。中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）六级考试以现行英语教学大纲和最新颁布的英语课程标准为依据，适用于使用人教版英语教材和其它地方英语教材版本的学生。试题说明使用汉语。阅读材料全部取自英语语言国家的报刊、杂志、文学作品和教材的原文或改写文本。阅读材料题材包括政治、社会、文化、经济、体育和科技等方面，题材包括说明文、议论文、记叙文、广告、图表和
7、标识等。中小学英语学习成绩测试（NEAT）六级考试试题为 16 开纸 16 个页面，相当于 20,000 个汉字字符。试题形式既有考查学生语言、词汇、语法、功能意念和话题等方面的单项知识题目，也有考查综合运用语言能力的题目。主观、客观题兼备，题型样式采用单项选择、填空、配对、转换、排序、简答、图片描述、命题作文、角色表演等多种形式。三、 试题结构NEAT 六级试题题型结构题目 题号 分数 时间（分 钟）.自由对话 1-5 5 1.语音语调 1-5 5 1III.话题简答 5 1.5口试IV.看图说话 1-5 5 1. 5I.句子理解 1-5 5 (客观)II.对话理解 6-10 5 (客观)听
8、力 III.短文理解 11-15 10 (客观)30I.选择填空 1-20 20 (客观)(A) 21-25 5 (客观)(B) 26-30 5 (客观)(C) 31-35 5 (主观)(D) 36-40 5 (主观)II.阅读理解(E) 41-45 5 (主观)25III.完形填空 4660 15 (主观)基础知识与综合能力运用IV.写作 命题作文 20 (主观)90四、 实际水平描述（一）语言技能A听力理解能力：1、能识别不同语气所表达的不同情感； 2、能听懂有关熟悉话题的讨论和谈话并记住要点； 3、能抓住一般语段中的观点； 4、能基本听懂广播或电视英语新闻的主题或大意； 5、能听懂委婉的
9、建议或劝告等。B 口语表达能力：1、能在交流中使用恰当的语调、语气和节奏表达个人的意图和情感等； 2、能根据学习任务进行商讨和制定计划； 3、能报告任务和项目完成的过程和结果； 4、能经过准备就一般话题作 3 分钟演讲； 5、能在日常人际交往中有效地使用英语进行表达，例如：发表意见、进行判断、责备或投诉等； 6、能做一般的生活翻译，例如：带外宾购物或游览等。C 阅读理解能力：1、能识别不同文体的特征； 2、能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句；3、能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度； 4、能根据学习任务的需要从多媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理；5、能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品；6、除教材外，
10、课外阅读量应累计达到 30 万词以上。D 书面表达能力：1、能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；2、能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告； 3、能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；4、能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。（二） 语言知识A 语音：1、在实际交际中逐步做到语音、语调自然、得体和流畅；2、根据语音、语调了解和表达隐含的意图和态度；3、了解诗歌中的节奏和韵律；4、根据语音辨别和书写不太熟悉的单词或简单语句。B 词汇：1、运用词汇理解和表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；2、在比较复杂的情况下，运用词汇给事物命名、进行指称、描述行为和特征、说明概念等；3、学会使用 150
11、0 个左右单词和 400500 个习惯用语或固定搭配。C 语法：1、进一步掌握描述时间、地点、方位的表达方式；2、进一步理解并掌握比较人、物体及事物的表达方式；3、使用适当的语言形式进行描述和表达观点、态度、情感等； 4、学习并掌握常见语篇形式的基本篇章结构和逻辑关系。D 功能：1、在更广泛的语境中恰当地理解和表达问候、告别、感谢、介绍等交际功能；2、在日常人际交往中有效地使用得体的语言进行表达，例如：发表意见、进行判断、责备和投诉等； 3、灵活运用已经学过的常用功能项目，进一步学习并掌握新的语言功能项目；4、在实际生活中较熟练地实现信息沟通。E 话题：1、熟悉有关个人、家庭和社会交往等方面的
12、话题；2、熟悉有关风俗习惯、科学文化和文学艺术等方面的话题；3、熟悉有关我国一般社会生活的话题，例如：职业、节日、风俗和社交礼仪；4、了解英语国家有关日常生活习惯的话题。（三） 情感态度1、能全面和正确地认识英语学习的意义；2、有稳定和持久的英语学习动机；3、有学好英语的毅力和克服困难的意志；4、能用英语恰当地表达自己的情感、态度和价值观；5、在用英语交流的过程中，能理解语言隐含的情感、态度和价值观；6、有较强的祖国意识和国际视野。（四） 学习策略A认知策略：1、从不同角度认知新学语言项目，既关注语言项目的形式，又关注其意义和用法； 2、在新旧语言知识之间建立联系；3、根据形式、意义或用法对新
13、学语言项目进行分类；4、做笔记时能利用关键词、缩写、符号和数字等；5、遵循记忆规律，提高记忆效果；6、把一个领域的技能转移到另一个领域，例如：把母语学习技能转移到英语学习之中，把读或写的某些技能转移到听说之中。B调控策略：1、根据学习进展情况，调整学习计划和目标；2、了解自己使用学习策略的效果，并根据需要进行调整；3、能根据学习活动的要求，合理地分配注意力（把注意力集中在重点学习活动上）；4、学习中遇到困难时能分析原因并尝试解决；5、控制和调整英语学习过程中的情绪和情感。C交际策略：1、通过解释、重复、举例和证实等方式澄清或论证观点；2、能在必要时使用委婉语来表达意思或想法；3、根据语言使用环
14、境，得体地使用语言；4、交际中善于克服语言障碍，维持交际；5、在真实交际中注意并遵守英语交际的基本礼仪。D资源策略：能通过图书馆、互联网、报纸、杂志、广播或电视等多渠道资源查找所需信息和材料，例如：百科知识、专业文献、公共信息、统计数据或新闻报道等。（五）文化意识1、初步了解英语语言与英语国家文化的关系（例如：有些词汇或表达方法与文化背景的关系）；2、在使用英语的过程中，能发现隐含在语言中的对他国文化的态度（例如：文化崇拜或文化歧视）；3、对英语和英语国家的人民及其文化传统有比较客观和公平的认知；4、了解英语国家最突出的文化特色；5、初步了解主要英语国家重要（历史）文化现象的渊源；6、初步了解
15、英语国家文化在日常生活和人们价值观中的体现。五 、测试范围（一） 语音项目表1、 基本读音 (1)26 个字母的读音 (2)元音宇母在重读音节中的读音 (3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音 (4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音 (5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音 (7)辅音连缀的读音 (8)成节音的读音2、 重音 (1)单词重音 (2)句子重音 3、 读音的变化 (1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4、 语调与节奏 (1)意群与停顿 (2)语调(3)节奏5、 语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6、 朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7、 主要英语国家的英语语音差
16、异（二）语法项目表1.动词 (1)情态动词(2)动词-ing 形式(3)现在进行时表示将来时间(4)被动语态 2、直接引语和间接引语 (1)陈述句 (2)疑问句(3)祈使句3、定语从句(1)由关系代词引导的定语从句(2)由关系副词引导的定语从句(3)限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句4、主语和谓语的一致5、it 的用法(1)it 用作人称代词 (2)it 用作非人称代词(3)it 作形式主语或形式宾语(4)it 用在强调句型中 6、构词法 (1)合成 (2)转化 (3)派生（三） 功能意念项目表1. 社会交往 (Social Communications) (1)问候 (Greetings)(2
17、)介绍 (Introduction)(3)告别 (Farewells )(4)感谢 (Thanks )(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许 (Asking for permission )(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)提供帮助 (Offering help)(10)接受或拒绝（acceptance and refusal）(11)约会（Making appointments）(12)打电话 (Making telephone calls )(13)就餐 (Having meals)
18、(14)就医 (Seeing the doctor)(15)购物 (Shopping)(16)问路 (Asking the way)(17)谈论天气 (Talking about weather)(18)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(19)提醒注意 (Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2. 态度 (Attitudes) (23)同意和不同意 (Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不
19、喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定 (Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能 (Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够 (Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择 (Preference)(29)意愿和打算 (Intentions and plans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopes and wishes)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)(33)冷淡(Indiffere
20、nce)(34)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3. 情感 (Emotions) (35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧 (Fear)(43)愤怒 (Anger)4. 时间 (Time) (44)时刻(Point of time)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5. 空间 (Space) (48
21、)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)(50)距离(Distance)6. 存在 (Existence) (51) 存在与不存在(Existence and non-existence)7. 特征 (Features) (52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8. 计量 (Measurement) (58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9. 比较 (Comparison) (62)同级比较 (Equal com
22、parison)(63)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10. 逻辑关系 (Logical relations) (65)原因和结果 (Cause and effect )(66)目的(Purpose)11. 职业 (Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(66)单位(Employer) （四） 话题项目表1. 个人情况 (Personal information)(1) Individual data (name, age, date of birth, place of bi
23、rth, telephone number, address, postal code, e-mail address, ID number, etc.) (2) Family data (name, age, relationship, etc.) (3) School data (school, grade, class, teacher, etc.) (4) Data uses (filling out forms and applications, etc.) (5) Jobs and career (office worker, worker, teacher, doctor, fa
24、rmer, driver, official, etc.) 2. 家庭、朋友与周围的人 (Family, friends and people around)(1) Family and relatives (grandparents, parents, brother, sister, aunt, uncle, cousin, son, daughter, etc.) (2) Friends (close neighbour, schoolmate, classmate, roommate, team-mate, etc.) (3) Other people (neighbour, loca
25、l shopkeeper, teacher, colleague, etc.) 3. 周围的环境 (Personal environments)(1) Kinds of homes (apartment, house, dormitory, etc.) (2) Rooms in homes (bedroom, kitchen, living room, bathroom, etc.) (3) Furniture & home items (table, chair, sofa, desk, bed, television, etc.) (4) Schools (classroom, playg
26、round, hall, computer room, office, etc.) (5) Others (grocery store, book shop, clothing store, market, bank, library, museum, cinema, theatre, park, road, etc.) 4. 日常活动 (Daily routines)(1) Getting ready (time for school, playing, bed etc.) (2) Routine activities (brushing teeth, washing hands and f
27、ace, taking a shower, etc.) (3) Eating (breakfast, lunch, snacks and dinner) (4) Daily chores (tidying, sweeping, doing dishes, cooking) (5) Homework (reading, writing, studying, etc.) (6) Family time (watching television, going out, visiting, etc.) 5. 学校生活 (School life)(1) School building (classroo
28、m, office, library, washroom, etc.) (2) School organization (grade, class, subject, break, schedule, etc.)(3) People (teacher, classmate, schoolmate, cleaner, etc.) (4) Subjects (Chinese, maths, English, geography, history, etc.) (5) Activities (sports, extra-curricular involvement, trip, etc.) (6)
29、Instructions (Please listen, read, get into groups, act, etc.) (7) Educational methods (preview, review, discuss, presentation, summary, etc.) 6. 兴趣与爱好 (Interests and hobbies)(1) Lessons (music, dance, acting, sport, etc.) (2) Games (physical games, computer games, sports, etc.) (3) Hobbies (collect
30、ing stamps, coins, dolls, etc.) (4) Reading (books, newspapers, comics, etc.) (5) Cultural events (film, theatre, concert, opera, etc.) (6) Entertainment (listening to radio, watching TV, playing CD, DVD, etc.) (7) Socializing (having parties, issuing invitations, going for picnics, going sightseein
31、g, entertaining guests, etc.) 7. 个人情感 (Emotions)(1) Describing feelings (happy, sad, angry, upset, pleased, proud, lonely, worried, nervous, afraid, etc.) (2) Emotions (smiling, laughing, crying, shouting, etc.) 8. 人际关系 (Interpersonal relationships)(1) People (parent, brother, sister, other family m
32、embers, friend, neighbour, teacher, etc.) (2) Social behaviours (greeting, introducing, giving thanks, asking for permission, asking for help, solving problems, dealing with conflicts, etc.) (3) Getting together (making plans / arrangements, time, date, place, event, etc.) 9.计划与愿望 (Plans and intenti
33、ons)(1) Planning (holidays, social events, travel, further education, jobs, etc.) (2) Organising (asking for advice, asking for help, asking for permission, exploring possibilities, expressing needs and wants, etc.) 10. 节假日活动 (Festivals, holidays and celebrations)(1) Cultural festivals (Spring Festi
34、val, New Years Day, Thanksgiving Day, etc.) (2) Religious holidays (Christmas, Easter, Ramadan, etc.) (3) Personal celebrations (birthday, anniversary, graduation, etc.)11.购物 ( Shopping)(1) Planning (shopping list, needs, wants, etc.) (2) Products (clothes, groceries, personal items, electronics, et
35、c.) (3) Selecting (quality, weights, measures, size, colour, style, etc.) (4) Paying (price, quantity, etc.) 12. 饮食 (Food and drink)(1) Meats (beef, chicken, pork, fish, etc.) (2) Soups (chicken, tofu, vegetable, etc.)(3) Vegetables (cabbage, eggplant, etc.) (4) Staple food (rice, bread, noodles, ca
36、ke, etc.) (5) Drinks (milk, water, juice, soft drink, coke, alcoholic drinks, beer, wine, etc.) (6) Fast foods (sandwiches, noodles, dumplings, hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, etc.) (7) Snacks (ice-cream, chips, etc.) (8) Eating customs (ways of eating, kinds of food, times to eat, table manners, chops
37、ticks, knife, fork, etc.) (9) Requesting or offering different foods and drinks (10) Likes and dislikes (favourite food, favourite drinks, etc.) (11) Ordering food and /or drinks13. 健康 (Health)(1) Eating habits (2) Physical fitness and exercise (3) Personal hygiene (4) Illnesses (stomachache, headac
38、he, flu, cold, etc.) (5) Medications (6) Accidents(7) Doctors, nurses & hospitals (8) Describing problems (parts of the body, pains, etc.)(9) Medical insurance14. 天气 (Weather)(1) Describing weather (sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.) (2) Extreme weather (storms, gales, hurrica
39、nes, etc.)(3) Dressing for the weather (coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.) 15. 文娱与体育 (Entertainment and sports)(1) Movies and theatre (2) Music and dance (folk music and dance, popular music, classical music, etc.) (3) Team games (football, basketball, volleyball, etc.) (4) Games of t
40、wo or four (table tennis, tennis, golf, etc.) (5) Racing (running, swimming, horse racing, etc.) (6) International sports events (Olympic Games, World Cup, Football League, etc.) (7) Spectators and fans (8) Physical exercises 16. 旅游和交通 (Travel and transport)(1) Methods of transportation (walking, cy
41、cling, horse riding, taking buses/trains/ boats/ planes, etc.) (2) Travel (schedules, maps, tickets, fares，etc.) (3) Getting and asking directions (left, right, straight ahead, north, south, east, west, etc.)(4) Safety rules and warnings (traffic lights, caution, walk, stop, etc.) (5) Inquiring and
42、making reservations (hotels, tourist spots, etc,) (6) International travel (passports, visas, expenses, currencies, etc.) (7) Describing a journey 17. 语言学习 (Language learning)(1) Differences between American English and British English (2) Language and culture(3) Language learning difficulties(4) At
43、titudes to language and communication (5) Language learning strategies (6) Communications repair18. 自然 (Nature) (1) Plants (green plants, trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, crops, flowers, etc.) (2) Animals (farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.) (3) Heavenly bodies (the sun, the
44、 earth, the moon and stars, etc.) (4) Describing land (cities, farms, hills, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.) (5) Natural disasters (volcano, earthquake, etc.)19. 世界和环境 (The world and the environment)(1) Countries and maps (China, Great Britain, United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Japan, R
45、ussia, India, Egypt, Cuba, etc.)(2) Issues (pollution, land use and quality, population growth, housing, etc.) 20. 科普知识与现代技术 (Popular science and modern technology)(1) Recent inventions, medical advances, technological advances, etc. (2) Computer science, etc.21. 热点话题 (Topical issues)(1) Population(
46、2) Environmental conservation(3) Crime and punishment(4) Social differences(5) Pollution 22. 历史和地理 (History and geography)(1) General knowledge of history and geography about China (2) General knowledge of history and geography about the world (3) Historic events (4) Historical persons 23. 社会 (Socie
47、ty)(1) Nationality and people(2) Famous people (contemporary) (3) Law (rules and regulations, traffic codes, etc.) (4) Ways of dressing (types of clothes, daily clothes or dress, situation and dressing, etc.)(5) Names of religions(6) Religions and culture(7) Customs and culture 24. 文学与艺术 (Literature
48、 and art)(1) Forms of literature and art (drama, novel, essay, poetry, short story，painting, etc.) (2) Famous literary people and artists （五） 词 汇 表 (共约 1500 个单词)Aa great deal of, a great many, a number of, Abel Tasman, absolutely, academy, accent, accept, according to, according, achievement, act ou
49、t, act, action, activist, actor, actress, actually, AD, adapt to, adapt, add, admire, adult, advance, advantage, adventure, adventurous, advice, agent, travel agent, agreement, agricultural, ahead of, ahead, airplane, alien, amount, amuse, amusement, Amy, ancestor, ancient, and so on, Andersen, Andrew, anger, Anna, Annie, announcement, Antarctica, antelope, Aotearoa, apologise, apology, applaud, application, appointment, appreciate, Arabic, arable, argue, argument, around the corner, article, artist, as a result of,
