1、African-American Civil Rights Movement定义 African-American Civil Rights Movement was a social movement striving for African-American peoples right and opposing racial segregation as well as discrimination through the non-violent protests between the 1950s and the 1970s. 背景 In the case of “Plessey V.
2、Ferguson” which happened in the 1986,the Supreme Court of United States supported the Ferguson and the legality of the “separate but equal” measure. Unquestionable this result struck the human rights of the southern blacks badly. The part of the “separate” of the decision was executed very thoroughl
3、y, but the “equal” part was not, resulting in more apartheid policy appeared in southern.Even in the factories, hospitals and armies people adopted the apartheid regime. As a result, the position of blacks was very low.原因 Racial DiscriminationBlack people didnt have the same social position as the w
4、hite people. They had been looked down upon.Voting RightsBlack people in some southern states didnt have the rights to vote.事件 Blasting fuse:On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat for a white passenger. Arrested Demand a more humane bus transportation system Lasted for more than
5、a yearOn December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks (the “mother of the Civil Rights Movement“) refused to give up her seat on a public bus on Montgomery, Alabama to make room for a white passenger. Parks was arrested, tried, and convicted for disorderly conduct and violating a local ordinance. After word of this
6、 incident reached the black community, 50 African-American leaders gathered and organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott to demand a bus system in which passengers would be treated equally.15With the support of most of Montgomerys 50,000 African Americans, the boycott lasted for 381 days, until the loca
7、l ordinance segregating African Americans and whites on public buses was repealed.In 1957, and other southern black ministers founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. As the civil rights movements most influential organization, it aimed at coordinating all the organizations action. Mart
8、in Luther King held the post of chairman.In 1960, southern states blacks generally carried out the “sit-ins” in public, showing that the scope of the movement had been extended over one city. It impacted apartheid system seriously.In 1961 and 1962, civil rights movement focused on two aspects: oppos
9、ing apartheid system on coach and striving for the voting rights of southern blacks.On August 28th 1963, a Civil Rights March was held on Washington, marching from the Washington Monument to the Lincoln Memorial. At the Memorial Martin Luther King published his famous speech “I have a dream”. Nearly
10、 200,000 to 300,000 people took part in it, producing the big pressure of public opinion. Because of the pressure the congress passed the Civil Rights Act finally, announcing that the racial segregation and discriminatory policies in American were illegal.Noted legislative achievements during this p
11、hase of the Civil Rights Movement were passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that banned the discrimination based on “race, color, religion, or national origin“ in employment practices and public accommodations; the Voting Rights Act of 1965, that restored and protected voting rights.领导人 Dr. Marti
12、n Luther Kings leadership is the soul of the black civil rights movement. He was born in Atlanta, Georgia, whose father is the church pastor .He had a generous family, which belonging to the middle class. As a result, he received a good education. King obtained the doctorate at the Boston University
13、. Because he had seen all of the racial inequality in the southern, he devoted himself to the civil rights movement when he grew up.On December 10, 1964, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, and he was the youngest man to receive the award; he was 35 years of age. 留个目标 Mean
14、ingful civil rights lawsA massive federal works programFull and fair employmentDecent housingThe right to voteAdequate integrated education影响“Black power“ movement is a mental change movement, it with a special kind of debate manner.“Black power“ overturned American society of image of blacks prejudices are discussed, for black and to construct a positive image.“Black power“ is for “American“ policy denial, “black power“ is not to “assimilation“, but to self affirmation奥巴马 The 44th and current president of the United StatesThe first African American presidentThe 2009 Nobel Peace Prize
