2018届高考英语二轮复习 阅读理解推理判断题专练（打包4套）.zip

1阅读理解推理判断题专练(一) 细节推断类A(2017·云南省昆明市高三复习教学质量检测)The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world. They live along the border of Kenya and Tanzania, moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living.The Masai have become known as a people of fighters, protecting their cattle against lions and other enemies. Only men are fighters. They wear long hair, which is colored red with clay. They can have more than one wife. Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing. Women and children keep their heads shaved. Women can also become elders,_once they have given birth to four healthy children.The Masai depend on their cattle for many parts of their life. They drink cow's milk and blood as sacred drinks. They use the cows' waste to cover and seal their homes. They don't kill their cattle for food, but if a cow is killed, then the horns (角) are used for containers; the hides are used to make shoes, clothing, ropes and bed coverings; and the bones are made into decorations.The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be. A man who owns 50 or fewer cattle is considered poor. A “rich” man has a thousand or more. The cattle, though owned by the man, are considered to belong to the man's entire family. The family names the cattle and can recognize each animal's unique voice.Masai houses are made from sticks and grass, but they are meant to be temporary, since the move of their cattle means that the Masai move as well.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了马赛人的情况。【难句分析】 The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world.分析：该句为主从复合句，句中 who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world 为 who 引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。译文：马赛族是一个在越来越现代化的社会中持续努力保持他们自己的生活方式的民族。21．What is Masai women's daily work at home?A．They protect the cattle from being hunted.B．They give birth to babies and bring them up.C．They look after as well as naming their cattle.D．They mainly deal with various housework.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第二段的第五句“Women build and take care of the home, fixing food and making clothing”可知，马赛族的妇女在家看护房子，准备饭菜并且做衣服；据此可知，马赛族的妇女日常主要负责家务活；故 D 项正确。2．When do the Masai move from one place to another?A．They move when they have over a thousand cattle.B．They move once there are 4 children in the family.C．They move when their cattle need new food sources.D．They move after their houses are not strong enough.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第一段第二句中的“moving their homes from time to time to follow their cattle, the source of their living”并结合最后一段可知，马赛人跟着他们的牛而迁移，由此可以判断，当牛需要新的食物来源时，马赛人就会迁移。故 C 项正确。3．What does the underlined word “elders” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．Aged citizens. B．Respected people.C．Brave fighters. D．Wealthy hostesses.解析：B 考查词义猜测。根据第二段最后一句中的“once they have given birth to four healthy children”可以判断，如果女子能生育四个健康的孩子，则她将成为人们尊敬的人。画线词意为“令人尊敬的人” ，故 B 项正确。干扰项分析：A 项意为“老年市民” ，C 项意为“勇敢的战斗者” ，D 项意为“富裕的女主人” ，都与语境不符。4．It can be inferred from the text that ________.A．the Masai raise the cattle mainly for their meatB．lions are the primary enemies of the MasaiC．the Masai are living a life in a modern wayD．the total of the Masai's cattle decides their status解析：D 考查推理判断。根据第四段的第一句“The more cattle a man owns, the richer he is considered to be”可知，一个人拥有的牛越多，他就被认为越富有，据此可以判断，马赛人拥有的牛的数量决定了他们的社会地位，故 D 项正确。干扰项分析：根据第三段第四句中的“They don't, kill their cattle for food”3可知，他们不会因为要吃肉而杀牛，故 A 项与文意相反；根据第二段的第一句可知，B 项错误；根据第一段的第一句“The Masai are a people who are constantly trying to preserve their own ways in an increasingly modern world”可知，马赛人在越来越现代化的社会中持续努力保持他们自己的生活方式，故 C 项与文意相反。B(2017·河南洛阳高三第一次统考)All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners. Other children may have manners that are not like yours. There are all kinds of manners.Many years ago, children who had good manners were seen and not heard. They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking. Today, well­mannered children have more freedom.Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places. Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia. Some friends ask you to eat with them. What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating. Burping would show that you like your food. In some countries, if you give a loud burp, you are told to say “Excuse me, please.” In many places people like to eat together. But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all. People show good manners by turning their backs on others while they eat. What are manners like in an East African town? The people try not to see you. They are being polite. You may see a friend. He may not see you at all. If you are polite, you will sit down beside him. You will wait until he finishes what he is doing. Then he will talk to you. Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia. You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent. If you pass in front of the other tents, you will be asked into each one. The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no.Manners are different all over the world. But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way. People need ways to show that they want to be friends.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了世界上一些地方的礼仪。5．How did polite children behave?A．By looking into adults' eyes while talking.B．By keeping silent while adults were talking.4C．By slipping into the house without being heard.D．By not opening their mouths until spoken to.解析：B 考查细节理解。根据第二段的第二句“They kept quite quiet if grown­ups were talking”可知，过去，在大人们说话时，儿童保持沉默是一种礼貌的行为。干扰项分析：A 项错在在谈话时，看着大人的眼睛，文章中并没有提到；C 项错在在不被听到的情况下悄悄溜进屋里，文章中也没有提到；D 项错在直到有人跟自己说话才开口说话，故排除。6．Which custom should we follow in order to look well­mannered? A．Saying “Excuse me” on burping in Mongolia.B．Inviting guests to dinner together in Polynesia.C．Talking with a friend before he completes things in East Africa.D．Accepting an eating invitation in Arabia.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第三段的最后两句“The people will ask you to eat with them. And it is bad manners if you say no”可知，接受阿拉伯人一起吃饭的邀请是礼貌的行为。干扰项分析：在 Mongolia 饭后打嗝是一种礼貌的行为，说明你喜欢对方提供的食物；根据第三段的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating at all”可知，在 Polynesia，邀请客人一起吃饭是不礼貌的行为，故 B 项错误；根据第三段的“You will wait until he finishes what he is doing”可知，在东非，静静地坐在朋友身旁并等他忙完是礼貌的做法，故排除 C 项。7．What can we infer from the text?A．Hear much, speak little.B．Love me, love my dog.C．When in Rome do as the Romans do.D．Do what you ought to and come what can.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段的第一句“Manners are different all over the world”可推知，礼仪因地域而各有不同，因此最好的做法是入乡随俗。C(2017·江西名校联盟 5 月检测)Biologist Robert Pitman and his colleagues tracked orcas, or killer whales, and humpback whales off the coast of Western Australia. To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use 5satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales. During the seven attacks, the orca killed the humpback whale calf (幼兽) on three occasions.But the story doesn't end there. Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise.When chased by orcas, humpback whales are known to try to outswim orcas. They are thought to do this at high speed so that the orcas can't keep up. On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers' boats. These ways often reduced the attack. But at other times, the humpback whales decided to stay and fight.As the orcas approached, the mother humpback would sometimes move her calf to her side, or lift it out of the water using her head or flippers. She also blew huge breaths of air to disturb the orcas, and lunged or charged at them, slashing (劈 ) and slapping her tail and flippers. Perhaps most surprisingly, humpback whales also have adult “escorts (护卫队 )” that try to protect calves that are not their own, joining the mother in defending the smaller whale. These escort whales either charged at the orcas, or placed themselves between the attackers and calves, slashing their tails and flippers.Despite the efforts of the mother whales and escorts, the orcas were more often than not successful in their attacks. But the presence of the escorts did reduce how many times a whale calf was killed.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是科学家使用科学仪器来观察杀人鲸是如何追杀驼背鲸及后者是如何反击和保护幼小的驼背鲸的。【难句分析】 To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca, which allowed them to use satellites to monitor her movements.分析：本句为复合句。主句为 To research further, the scientists attached a tracker to a female orca。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 tracker。译文：为了作进一步的研究，科学家把一个追踪器固定在一头母杀人鲸上，该追踪器使得科学家能够使用卫星来监控母杀人鲸的活动。8．What's the purpose of the scientists' further research?A．To keep a record of whales'living habits.B．To observe orcas' hunting humpback whales.6C．To see what life­or­death battles whales may face.D．To find out the techniques orcas use when hunting.解析：B 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“To research further. to use satellites to monitor her movements. They followed her for six days. During that time, the orca attacked eight young humpback whales.”可知，科学家进行进一步研究的目的是观察杀人鲸追杀驼背鲸的活动。故选 B。9．Why did the humpback whales swim to shallow water?A．To avoid being attacked.B．To hunt for food.C．To protect their young.D．To trick the chasers.解析：A 考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中的“On some occasions, the humpback whales sought out protection. They swam to shallow water, nearby reefs, or even under the researchers' boats”可知，驼背鲸游至浅水区是出于自身的安全考虑，为了避免被攻击。故选 A。10．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4?A．Why humpback whales fall victim to orcas.B．How humpback whales protect their calves.C．The great mother love of humpback whales.D．Smaller humpback whales' ways of surviving.解析：B 考查主旨要义。根据第四段的内容可知，本段主要讲的是在面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸是如何进行反击来保护自己的幼崽的。故 B 项最能概括本段的主旨要义。11．What does Pitman's study find?A．Orcas are successful in their attacks.B．It's not easy for orcas to obtain food.C．Humpback whales swim faster than orcas.D．Humpback whales could be active animals.解析：D 考查推理判断。第二段提到“Humpback whales themselves are popularly thought to be large but generally, passive creatures. Pitman's study findings may let people think otherwise”，驼背鲸一般被认为是大型的但是通常被动的生物，Pitman 的研究发现可能会让人不这么认为。下文接着讲了面对杀人鲸的攻击时，驼背鲸所采取的一些应对方式，其中包含积极迎击。故选 D。1阅读理解推理判断题专练(三) 观点态度类A(2017·河南、河北七所名校联考)When it comes to writing work emails, there are many rules to follow. In the past, people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional, which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons (表情符号) while on the job.But language is always changing, and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital communication at work. The most popular emoticon is the happy face.Lindsey Pollak, a US career coach who works with Millennials (千禧一代), has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted. The reason behind this, according to her, is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the workforce. Millennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce. “A few years ago, emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal， ” Pollak said. “Over the past few years. I've seen emoticons become more acceptable. I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.”“People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive, or when they might take in things in the wrong way， ” explains Lauren Collister, a sociolinguist. In life and work, many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements.Pollak, however, warns against being too casual at work. Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is. “Frankly, I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US. I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter how commonplace and acceptable it has become， ” she said. “You can make or break a relationship with one email these days.”【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍了表情符号在工作邮件中的使用越来越流行的原因以及人们对此要注意的方面。1．What does the author say about past working people?A．They were calm and professional.2B．They used more serious emoticons.C．They were not fond of emoticons.D．They avoided using emoticons at the workplace.解析：D 考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons (表情符号) while on the job”可知，以前的职员在工作中抑制自己对表情符号的喜爱，即避免使用表情符号。故选 D。根据第一段中的“people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional”可排除 A 项。2．What can people use emoticons to do at the workplace?A．Make it personal to communicate.B．Keep up with the trend of the times.C．Show a positive attitude to the receiver.D．Help them share their ideas and feelings.解析：C 考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容可知，当尴尬或者可能冒犯别人的事情发生时，或者可能误解了某事时，人们往往会使用表情符号来稍微改变一下语气，传达积极的交流氛围或者让表达变得缓和。也就是说，在工作场合，人们可以通过表情符号来向接收者表达自己积极的态度。故选 C。3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?A．Emoticons should be used with caution.B．There are strict limitations on emoticon using.C．All the US CEOs are against the use of emoticons.D．Emoticons can greatly help bring people close.解析：A 考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Pollak, however, warns against being too casual at work”“I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US. I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level” “You can make or break a relationship with one email these days”可知，人们在使用表情符号时要谨慎，要分场合分人，不能随意使用表情符号。4．What's the writer's attitude towards the use of emoticons at work?A．Subjective. B．Objective.C．Doubtful. D．Opposing.解析：B 考查作者态度。纵观全文可知，作者既谈到了表情符号的流行及作用，也谈到了人们在使用表情符号时需要注意的地方。因此作者的态度是客观的，故选 B。B(2017·河南省第二次统一检测)Half of primary schools will adopt the traditional Chinese method of maths 3teaching in a Government drive to stop British youngsters from falling behind their_Asian_counterparts.Youngsters in the UK are way behind those in China, Singapore and Japan in numeracy (计算能力 ). In the latest PISA (Programme for International Student Assessment) tests for 15­year­olds, Shanghai came top in maths while the UK came 26th.The school will give up “child­centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole­class learning. Primary school children will be taught “Shanghai maths” as British schools copy Chinese teaching methods to improve standards. So far 140 teachers have been trained in the approach.Currently, classes are often divided into groups based on ability. Critics blame the British teaching styles that focused on applying maths to real­life situations in an effort to make the subject more interesting. They say this has led to confusion and stopped children learning the basics. Under the Government's new plans, children as young as five will have drills to practise sums and exercises, and must master each concept before moving to the next.Nick Gibb, the schools minister, said that training will be provided for 8 000 primary schools — half the country's total — to switch to the Shanghai “mastery” approach.“We are seeing a renaissance (复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms， ” he said.【文章大意】 本文是一则新闻报道。英国半数小学课堂将推行中国传统的数学教学模式来提高孩子们的数学计算能力，以防止英国青少年在数学上落后于亚洲同龄人。5．The underlined words “their Asian counterparts” in Paragraph 1 refer to ________.A．the weak pupils in AsiaB．the young students in AsiaC．the primary schools in AsiaD．the maths teachers in Asia解析：B 指代判断题。根据第一段中的“British youngsters”可知，此处指英国政府将在半数英国小学课堂推行中国传统的数学教学法，以防止英国少年落后于亚洲同龄人。由此可推断出，画线部分指的是 Asian youngsters，即亚洲的少年们。故选 B。46．Which of the following is an approach of “Shanghai maths”？A．Children can choose to learn what interests them.B．Children are given different work based on their ability.C．Children are taught in groups rather than as an entire class.D．Children are required to master a concept before they progress.解析：D 细节理解题。根据关键句可知， “上海数学”要求孩子们在学习更深一层的知识之前一定要掌握每一个概念。故选 D。关键句：. and must master each concept before moving to the next.(第四段最后一句)译文：……而且必须先掌握每一个概念，然后才能学习新的知识。7．Recently, some British maths teachers have been trained to ________.A．increase the difficulty levelB．conduct “child­centred” classesC．guide students to repeat and drillD．meet the needs of smart students解析：C 推理判断题。根据关键句并结合第三段最后一句可推知，一些英国数学老师接受培训是为了指导学生重复、训练。故选 C。关键句：The school will give up “child­centred” styles and instead return to repetition, drills and “chalk and talk” whole­class learning.(第三段第一句)译文：学校将放弃“以孩子为中心”的模式，转而采取重复、练习和“填鸭式”整班教学法。8．What is Nick Gibb's attitude toward the new teaching style?A．Supportive. B．Doubtful.C．Cautious. D．Negative.解析：A 观点态度题。根据关键句可推知，Nick Gibb 非常支持这种新的教学模式。故选 A。关键句：“We are seeing a renaissance (复兴) in maths teaching in this country, with good ideas from around the world helping to cheer up our classrooms， ” he said.(最后一段)译文：他说：“通过采用全世界的优秀理念来使课堂重获生机，我国的数学教学事业正在我们的见证下走向复兴。 ”C(2017·东北三校二模)For generations, students were taught to stretch before playing games. Then 5the practice fell out of favor. Studies seemed to show that such stretching temporarily reduces muscular power, weakens athletic performance and increases the risk of injury. So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise. But now a new research indicates that they might not be such a bad idea after all.This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (APNM), published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise. In broad terms, they found that stretching can briefly prevent the ability to generate power. So if you reach for your toes and hold that position, tightening your hamstrings (腿筋), you might not then be able to leap as high or start a dash as forcefully as you don't stretch.Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warm­up. “Outside the lab, most people are unlikely to hold a warm­up stretch for longer than about 30 seconds， ” Dr. McHugh, the co­author of the study says. The review found few lasting negative impacts from these short stretches. especially if the volunteers followed that stretching with several minutes of jogging or other basic warm­up movements. In fact, these short stretches turned out to have a positive effect.Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily， ” Dr. McHugh says. “Runners and cyclists don't have much risk for acute muscle injuries.” Stretching before these activities is unlikely to protect against injury. Runners and cyclists can adequately warm up by jogging or pedaling lightly. But he suggests that people who play basketball and other ball sports should stretch in advance. Those who haven't stretched since childhood gym class might want to consider consulting an athletic trainer about the best upper and lower body stretches, particularly for the shoulders and hamstrings.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。运动前是否要进行拉伸？拉伸时间的长短需要注意吗？所有的运动都需要提前拉伸吗？阅读本文你将找到这些问题的答案。9．Which of the following statements agrees with most fitness experts?A．Before playing a game you should stretch your legs and arms.B．After attending a match you should stretch your legs and arms.6C．It's harmful to stretch your legs and arms before playing games.D．It doesn't matter whether you stretch or not before playing games.解析：C 细节理解题。根据关键句可知，大多数专家建议运动前不要进行拉伸运动，C 项与专家建议相符。故选 C 项。关键句：So most fitness experts currently advise against stretches before exercise.(第一段倒数第二句)译文：因此，大多数健身专家建议锻炼前不要进行拉伸运动。10．According to the new research, people may suffer negative impacts when ________.A．they do stretches after attending a gameB．they reach for toes and hold that positionC．following a stretch with several minutes' joggingD．dashing immediately after one 60­second plus stretch解析：D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Those undesirable effects were generally found, however, only if each stretch was held for more than 60 seconds and the subject then immediately became fully active, with no further warm­up.”可知，身体拉伸超过 1 分钟，没有进一步的热身运动而立即运动的话，那些不良影响就会出现。由此可推断 D 项“拉伸超过 1 分钟后立刻猛跑”是不好的。故选 D 项。11．We can learn from the passage that ________.A．all athletes should not stretch in advanceB．the four scientists published the journal APNMC．it's unnecessary for a tennis player to do warm­up stretchesD．players ought to have done warm­up stretches since childhood解析：A 细节理解题。根据关键句并结合下文 Dr. McHugh 所举的例子可知，并不是所有的运动员都应该提前做拉伸运动。故选 A 项。关键句：Do these findings mean that all the athletes should stretch in advance before a match? “Not necessarily， ” Dr. McHugh says.(最后一段第一、二句)译文：这些发现意味所有的运动员在比赛前都应该做拉伸运动吗？“不一定， ”Dr. McHugh 说。12．What's Dr. McHugh's attitude toward stretches?A．Concerned. B．Doubtful.C．Disapproving. D．Objective解析：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 Dr. McHugh 说的话及所举的例子可知，他认为7拉伸运动应视情况而定，因此可推断出 Dr. McHugh 的观点是客观的。故选 D 项。长难句分析： This month, the journal, Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism (APNM), published a study by four distinguished exercise scientists who analyzed more than 200 studies of how stretching affects the following exercise.(第二段第一句)分析：本句是复合句。who 引导定语从句，作从句的主语，先行词是 four distinguished exercise scientists；how 引导宾语从句。作介词 of 的宾语。译文：本月， 《应用生理学，营养与新陈代谢》杂志发布了一项由四位杰出的运动科学家所做研究的结果；他们分析了超过 200 个关于拉伸运动是如何影响接下来的运动的研究。