1、 ( ) 90 100 ( 3 30 ) 1 (2016 ) ( C ) A B C D 2 (2016 ) F 15N ( D ) A 15N B 15N C 15N D 15N 3 (2016 ) A A C B ( C ) A A B B B C C D B A C ,( 3 ) ,( 4 ) ,( 5 ) 4 ( C ) A B C D 5 (2016 )( ) 5N ( AD ) A B C D 10N 6 (2016 ) ( D ) ,A. ) ,B. ) ,C. ) ,D. ) 7 (2016 ) ( C ) A B C D 8 (2016 ) ( B ) A B C D 9 (
2、2016 ) F F t v t ( C ) A t 2s 0 B t 3s 7N C 4 6s F 20J D 2 4s 10 (2016 )( ) G0 G1 G2 F ( AD ) A F G0 G1 G2 3B F G0 G1 3C F G0 3 G1 D F G0 3 ( 2 24 ) 11 (2016 ) _1.20_cm 12 (2016 ) 300km/h 120km/h _180_km/h _ _ 13 (1)(2016 ) 5s 2000N 3m _ 3 _J _ 3 _W (2)(2016 )5 21 CRH380A ( ) 380km/h _105.6_m/s( ) 3
3、50km/h _ _( ,( 13 ) ,( 14 ) ,( 15 ) 14 (2016 ) _ _( _ _( _ _( 15 (2016 ) ( ) 40N 5kg 1600cm 2 A _62.5_% 1020N B C 1000N 600N 50kg C _625_Pa (g 10N/kg) ( 6 ) 16 (3 )(1)(2016 ) AOB O A F ,(1) ,(2) (3 )(2)(2016 ) (1) (2) ( 4 ) 17 (4 )(2016 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) (1)_ _ (2)_ _ (3)_ _ (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) ( 18 ) 1
4、8 (6 )(2016 ) (1) O T1 G T1_ _( G (2) G (3) O T2 T2_ _( )T1 (4) F G _ T1 G T2 F G G T1 T2 F G _ ( ) 19 (8 )(2016 ) _ _ A B m h s m1 m2 s1 s2 s1 s3 h1 h2 (1) _ _ _ _( (2) _B_( ) (3) _ _ A (4) _ _ _ _ 20 (4 )(2015 ) 1 (1) 3 kg/m 3 _ 4 _Pa (2) _ _( (3) _ 10m_ ( ( 18 ) 21 (6 )(2016 ) 120kg 1.8m 1.5m 5h
5、3 W c 3 J/ g 10N/kg 1.0 10 3 kg/m 3 (1) (2) 7 J (3) 5h 500kg 0.02 36km/h (1)p gh 3 kg/m 3 10N/kg 1.5m 4 Pa (2) Q cm t t Q cm 2.52 10 7 J 4.2 10 3 J/ (3)W Pt 3 W 5 3600s 7 J G mg 5000N f 0.02G 100N v 36km/h 10m/s P fv 1000W t W P 6.3 10 7 J 1000W 4 s 17.5h 22 (6 )(2016 ) 400N 6000N 15kW A 1600N 4m 2
6、( ) (1) A (2) A (3) 1m/s (1)p F S G S 1600N 4m 2 400Pa (2) W W Gh Gh G h 1600N h 1600N h h 80% (3) v 3m/s F P v 15000W 3m 5000N G 3F G 400N 14600N 23 (6 )( B ) A B A 10cm 2 5cm 2.5N A R(R ) R A B 3V ( ) A (g 10N/kg) (1) A 1 2 R (2) A A (3) (R ) 0.4A 0.4A (1)A R p gh 10 3 kg/m 3 10N/kg 2.5m 10 2 m 250Pa (2)A F gV 10 3 kg/m 3 10N/kg 10 10 4 m 2 5 10 2 m 0.5N A F G F 2.5N 0.5N 2N (3) 0.4A I U R 3V 0.4A F 75N A F G F 2.5N 0.5N 2N A p F SA 73N 10 10 4 m 3 4 Pa 0 4A h p g 7.3 10 4 Pa 10 3 kg/m 3 10N/kg 7.3m
