1、of(LCD)neutnotpoint, we explore some of the underlying issues that are driving the processchange in development. Recognising that there are variations in LCD, we mapandingsr. We1. Rationalising mainstreaming climatedevelopmentThe term low carbon developmentdevelopment lexicon in a big way, and hasco
2、mmon sense in the development camp today.definitionrangemakesexpressedfeatureuprecently by the UN Secretary-General Advisory Group on EnergyContents lists available at ScienceDirectEnergy PolicyEnergy Policy 38 (2010) 75467549energy system while responding to the call to expand access toE-mail addre
3、ss: y.mulugettasurrey.ac.uk (Y. Mulugetta).stream climate change in development policies and practices.Whilst many of the reasons relate to the necessity for action dueand Climate Change (AGECC, 2010). The report called forcommitment and action on two goals: universal access to modernenergy services
4、 and reducing global energy intensity, by 2030. Atthe heart of the document is the need to improve reliability of the0301-4215/$-see front matter people would need to be placedas the central driving force of this process.The size and quality of finance matters. The transition to a lowcarbon future w
5、ill not be costless, which may mean that LCD islikely to draw resources away from investments in otherdevelopment sectors such as education and health. Clearly, thepoorest countries are not in a position to mobilise large sums forlow carbon and climate-resilient development efforts withoutrelying on
6、 support from developed countries. Indeed, much of theheated debate at COP-15 in Copenhagen 2009 revolved aroundthe level of scaled up, new and additional, predictable andadequate funding as well as improved access. Whilst externalsupport will continue to feature in climate finance for the poorcount
7、ries, as discussed in earlier sections, emerging economieswill draw resources from a number of other sources, includingmarket-based mechanisms for emissions trading, FDI and domes-tic finance. This will mean that this category of developingcountries will have the security to plan their climate-relat
8、edinitiatives and therefore will have sufficient latitude to designeffectively their low carbon development model.Low carbon development needs to be rooted in sustainabledevelopment. It is important to remain faithful to the principlesof sustainable development which aims to reconcile ecologicallimi
9、ts with the goals of economic development and social justice.The current green growth agenda, which is in evidence across aChristian Aid, 2010. Moving Forward from Copenhagen. Christian Aid, London.IEA (International Energy Agency), 2009. World Energy Outlook 2009. Organisa-tion for Economic Coopera
10、tion and Development (OECD), Paris.Clark, D., 2009. Maldives first to go carbon neutral. The Observer. 15 March 2009http:/www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2009/mar/15/maldives-president-nasheed-carbon-neutral accessed13.05.2009.Jackson, T., 2010. Prosperity Without Growth Earthscan, London.Meadows, D.
11、H., Meadows, D.L., Randers, J., Behrens, W.W., 1972. The Limits toGrowth: A Report for the Club of Romes Project on the Predicament ofMankind. Universe Books, New York.Pew Charitable Trusts, 2010. Whos Winning the Clean Energy Race? Pew CharitableTrusts, Washington DC.Schwagerl, C., 2010. Climate vi
12、ctims lead the charge on tackling global warming.Spiegel Online International: http:/www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,667885,00.html accessed 25.04.2010.UNDP & WHO (United Nations Development Programme and World HealthOrganization), 2009. The energy access situation in developing countriesa
13、review focusing on least developed countries and SSA. Sustainable EnergyProgramme Environment and Energy Group Report.UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2009a. Global Trends inSustainable Energy Investment. UNEP, Geneva.UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), 2009b. Global Green New D
14、eal:An Update for the G20 Pittsburgh Summit. UNEP, Geneva.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), 2010. www.unfccc.int.UN Secretary-General Advisory Group on Energy and Climate Change (AGECC),2010. Energy for a Sustainable Future. UN, New York.Urban, F., 2010. The pro-poor lo
15、w carbon development and the role of growth.International Journal of Green Economics 4 (1), 8293.Urban, F., Hedger, M., 2010. Low Carbon Development: Strategic Guidance Sheet.IDS.World Bank, 2009. Africas Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation. World BankAfrica Infrastructure Country Diagnostic,
16、Washington DC.therefore to respond effectively in carbon reduction measures andTimes.and communities, albeit mostly in the rich countries. Equally, theimpact of climate change will be felt at local and community scalestoo, particularly in poorer communities where the resources foradaptation are likely to remain scarce. The implications are
