1、专题限时集训( 十五) 完形填空 夹叙夹议文议论文说明文(对应学生用书第 145 页)A 【导学号：25874070】(2017无锡高三一模 )When I was in middle school， a poisonous spider bit my right hand，I ran to my mom for _1_，but instead of taking me to a doctor，my mom set my hand_2_After wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton，then soaking it in wine，she
2、 put a chopstick into my mouth，and lit the cotton.Heat quickly went through the cotton and began to roast my_3_The sharp pain made me want to scream，but the chopstick_4_it.All I could do was watch my hand burnone minute，then two minutes _5_mom put out the fire.At that time there was no doctor availa
3、ble my mother could bring me to see about my spider bite.For those who study biology，you may have grasped the science_6_my moms cure: heat deactivates(使不活跃) proteins，and a spiders venom(毒液) is_7_ a form of protein.Its_8_how that folk remedy actually includes basic biochemistry，isnt it? But I am a Ph
4、D student in biochemistry at Harvard.I now know that better，less_9 _and less risky treatments existed.So I cant help but ask myself why I didnt_10_one at that time.Now I am happy to report that my hand is fine.But this question remains，and I continue to be troubled by the unequal_11_of scientific kn
5、owledge throughout the world.Despite the knowledge we have accumulated，we havent been so_12_in deploying(配置 ) it to where its needed most.We constantly see these problems of poverty，illness，and _13_ of resources preventing the flow of scientific information.Lifesaving knowledge we take for granted i
6、n the modern world is often_14_in underdeveloped regions.While studying at Harvard，I saw_15_scientific knowledge can help others in simple，yet profound ways.The bird flu in the 2000s looked to my village like a spell cast by devils.When I realized that simple hygiene(卫生) practices like_16_different
7、animal species could contain the spread of the disease，and that I could help make this knowledge available to my village，that was my first “Aha” moment as a budding scientist.Harvard dares us to dream big，to aspire(立志) to change the world.Here on this Commencement Day，we are_17_ thinking of grand de
8、stinations and big adventures that await us.As for me，I am also thinking of the farmers in my village.My experience here_18_me how important its for researchers to communicate our knowledge to those_19_Because by using the science we already have，we can probably bring my village and thousands like i
9、t into the world you and I take_20_every day.And thats an impact every one of us can make! 【语篇解读】 这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用他被蜘蛛咬伤的亲身经历说明了知识传播、科学知识的均衡分布的重要性。1A.medicine BhelpCadvice DdecisionB 结合上下文语境可知，在我上中学的时候，一只有毒的蜘蛛咬伤了我的右手，我跑去找母亲帮忙(help) 。2A.in water Bon fireCin trouble Don strikeB 根据下文的“.lit the cotton” “pu
10、t out the fire”可知，母亲没有带我去看医生，而是用火烧我的手。set sth.on fire“纵火焚烧某物” ，符合语境。in trouble“在困难中 ”；on strike“在罢工” 。3A.leg BchestChand DfaceC 根据上文的“a poisonous spider bit my right hand”和“wrapping my hand with several layers of cotton .”可知，这里指的是烘烤我的手(hand)。4A.preserved BforbadeCcancelled DpreventedD 剧烈的疼痛使我想叫出声来，但
11、嘴里的筷子阻止(prevent)我这样做。preserve“保存，保护” ； forbid“禁止” ；cancel “取消” 。5A.before BuntilCwhen DwhileB 根据语境可知，此处指直到(until)我母亲把我手上的火扑灭。 6A.beside BbehindCafter DwithinB 对于那些学生物学的人来说，你也许已经明白了我母亲的治疗方法背后的科学(原理)。表示“在背后”要用介词 behind。7A.accurately BsimplyCconstantly DcontinuouslyB 蜘蛛的毒液仅仅(simply)是一种蛋白质。accurately “准
12、确地” ；constantly“不断地 ，时常地” ；continuously“连续不断地 ”。8A.cool BrightCabsurd DpuzzlingA 根据语境可知，此处指这个偏方事实上包含着基本的生物化学知识，这是很好的(cool)。9A.powerful BstressfulCpainful DregretfulC 我现在知道了不那么痛(painful)、不那么危险的治疗方法的存在。powerful“强有力的” ；stressful“有压力的” ；regretful“遗憾的” 。10A.accept BreceiveCadopt DadaptB 我忍不住问我自己，为什么那个时候我
13、不能接受(receive)这样的治疗呢？accept“承认，接受” ；adopt“采取，收养” ；adapt“使适应，改编” 。11A.distribution BdonationCallocation DdistractionA 此处表示科学知识在全球的分布(distribution)不均衡问题。donation “捐献” ；allocation “分配，配置” ；distraction “注意力分散 ”。12A.involved BabsorbedCsuccessful DcarefulC 虽然我们已经积累了很多知识，但是我们不能成功(successful)地将其应用到最需要它的地方。in
14、volved“与有关联， 卷入，复杂的” ；absorbed“被吸引住，全神贯注” ；careful “仔细的” 。13A.separation BplentyCabsence DlackD 根据上文中的“these problems of poverty，illness”及下文中的“preventing the flow of scientific information”可知，此处应是指资源的匮乏(lack)。separation“分离，分开” ；plenty“许多” ；absence“不存在，缺席” 。14A.unavailable BunwantedCunexpected Dunnec
15、essaryA 救生知识在现代化的世界被我们认为是理所当然的，但通常在不发达地区却是难以获得的。unavailable“难以获得的，无法得到的” ，符合语境。15A.when BwhereChow DwhyC 我知道了科学知识是如何(how)用简单又深刻的方式帮助其他人的。16A.dividing BseparatingCsplitting DbreakingB 当我意识到简单的卫生治疗方法，例如将不同种类的动物隔离(separate)开可以防止这种疾病的蔓延。divide“分开” ；split “分裂” ；break“破坏” 。17A.skillfully BprobablyCprefera
16、bly DrelativelyB 我们可能的(probably)在想象远大目标和大冒险在等待我们。skillfully“有技术地” ；preferably“最好是” ；relatively“相当地，相对地” 。18A.informs BrecallsCreminds DrefersC 我的经历提醒(remind)我，对于研究者来说将知识传递给处于困境中的那些人是多么重要。19A.in danger Bin needCin order Din shapeB 参见上题解析。in danger“在危险中” ；in order“整齐，秩序井然，按顺序” ；in shape“在外形上，处于良好状态” 。
17、20A.for granted Bfor exampleCinto consideration Dinto practiceA 此处表示我们每天都视为理所当然的世界，take sth.for granted 意为“认为某事理所当然，视某事为理所当然” ，符合句意。take sth.for example“以 为例” ；take sth.into consideration“顾及，考虑到” 。B【导学号：25874071】(2017南通、泰州高三一模)Do you see the glass as halffull rather than halfempty? Such clichs(陈词滥调)
18、 are_21_questions，as researchers examine with great care the power of positive thinking.Research is proving that optimism can_22_you to be happier，healthier and more successful.Pessimism leads，_23_，to hopelessness，sickness and failure，and is linked to_24_，loneliness and painful shyness.If we could t
19、each people to think more positively，it would be like protecting them against these_25_illnesses.Your abilities count but the belief that you can succeed_26_the result.When things go wrong the pessimist tends to_27_ himself.“Im not good at this， ” he says.“I always fail.” But the optimist looks for
20、other _28_Negative or positive，you are what you think.If people feel hopeless they dont_29_to acquire the skills they need to succeed.A sense of control is the real test for_30_The optimist feels in control of his own life.If things are going badly，he_ 31_quickly，looking for solutions，forming a new
21、plan of action，and_32_for advice.The pessimist feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly.He doesnt seek advice，since he _33_ nothing can be done.Many studies suggest that the pessimists feeling of helplessness_34_the bodys immune system.The pessimist doesnt take good care of himself.Feeling passive
22、and unable to avoid lifes_35_，he expects ill health and other misfortunes，no matter what he does.He eats junk food，avoids exercise，and_ 36_the doctor.Most people are a(an)_37_ of optimism and pessimism，but are in favor of one direction or the other.It is a pattern of_38_learned at our mothers knees.
23、It grows out of thousands of cautions or_39_，negative statements or positive ones.Pessimism is a hard habit to_40_but it can be done.So，if you are a pessimist，there are ways.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。乐观主义者往往不会被困难打倒，更有可能获得成功。而悲观主义者往往听天由命，认为人生无望。这两种人生态度不是与生俱来的，而是人们在成长环境中逐渐形成的。21A.specific BscientificCphysical D
24、universalB 根据语境，尤其是下文中的“researchers”和“Research” 可以推断，人们把玻璃杯看作半满而不是半空是科学问题。scientific“科学的”符合语境。22A.help BforceCforbid DtrainA 乐观主义有助于让你更加快乐、健康和成功。help“帮助”符合语境。23A.for instance Bat bestCin fact Dby contrastD 上一句话中说到了乐观主义的积极作用，而本句话介绍了悲观主义的消极作用，故 by contrast“对比起来，相比之下”符合语境。此处表示相比之下，悲观主义导致绝望、疾病和失败，并且和抑郁、
25、孤独以及痛苦的胆怯有联系。24A.kindness BcarelessnessCpassion DdepressionD 参见上题解析。depression 意为“抑郁” 。25A.severe BmentalCterminal DmajorB 如果我们可以教会人们更积极地思考，就会保护这些人不受精神疾病的困扰。根据上文中的“hopelessness” “loneliness” “painful shyness”等词可知，mental “心理上的” ，符合语境。 26A.challenges BcontradictsCaffects DabusesC 你的能力非常重要，但是相信自己能成功的信念
26、也会影响结果。这与第一段提到的乐观主义会催生积极结果相呼应。故 affect“影响” ，符合语境。27A.correct BcomfortCassist DblameD 根据语境及下文中的“Im not good at this， he says.I always fail.”可知，在事情进展不顺利时，悲观主义者往往会责备自己。blame“责怪，指责” ，符合语境。 28A.excuses BopportunitiesCexplanations DadvantagesC 上一句话中已经说到，当事情进展不顺利的时候，悲观主义者往往会责备自己。而本句与其构成转折，故此处表示但是乐观主义者会寻找其他
27、的解释。explanation “解释，说明 ”，符合语境。 29A.bother BagreeCwait DhesitateA 如果人们感到绝望，他们是不会费心去获得他们成功所需要的技能的。bother to do sth.意为“费心做某事” 。30A.ambition BsuccessCconscience DcourageB 这是本段的主题句，强调一个人的成功可以通过其是否能自控得以验证，这与下文中的“The optimist feels in control of his own life.”以及“The pessimist feels like a toy of fate”吻合 ，前
28、者强调乐观主义者掌握人生 ，而后者强调悲观主义者受命运的摆布，这些态度影响了这两类人是否能够成功。故success“成功”符合语境。31A.runs BactsCquits DturnsB 本句话中的“quickly .forming a new plan of action .”说明，乐观主义者看到事情进展不顺利时，会立即行动起来寻找解决方法，形成新的行动计划，并且向别人征求意见。act“做事，行动” ，符合语境。 32A.standing up Bmaking upClooking out Dreaching outD 参见上题解析。reach out for advice 意为“征求意见
29、” ，与下文中的“doesnt seek advice”相对应。 33A.suspects BdeniesCassumes DpretendsC 根据上一句中的“.feels like a toy of fate and moves slowly”可知，悲观主义者认为自己是受命运摆布的人。所以他不会向别人征求意见，因为他认为无计可施。assume 意为“ 假定，认为” ，符合语境。34A.weakens BrestoresCimproves DdefendsA 很多研究表明悲观主义者绝望的感觉会削弱人体的免疫系统。weaken意为“削弱” ，与下文中的“expects ill health”吻
30、合。35A.aims BgiftsCblesses DblowsD 结合语境可知，悲观主义者认为自己无法避开生活的打击。blow 意为“打击，挫折” ，符合语境。下文中的“ill health and other misfortunes”都属于“打击”的范畴。36A.consults BignoresCpraises DfollowsB 根据本句中的“He eats junk food，avoids exercise”可知，悲观主义者吃垃圾食品，避免运动，这些都是消极面对生活的表现，由此可以推断他们对医生(的建议 )也不重视。ignore 意为“忽视” ，符合语境。37A.result Bop
31、tionCmix DimageC 根据语境，尤其是下文中的“but are in favor of one direction or the other”可知，大部分人身上既有乐观主义也有悲观主义，即大部分人是两种情感的综合体。mix 意为“混合，混合体” ，符合语境。38A.thinking BbehaviorCexpression DcomplainingA 无论是乐观主义还是悲观主义，都与人的思维有关。thinking 意为“思维，思考” ，符合语境。第一段中“positive thinking”亦是重要提示。39A.pressures BfavoursCcriticisms Denco
32、uragementsD 下文中的“negative statements”和“positive ones”相对立，故本空所填词的语义要与上文的“cautions” 的语义相对应，caution 意为“警告” ，与之相对应的是 encouragement“鼓励” 。40A.develop BassessCbreak DunderstandC 根据语境，尤其是上文的“a hard habit”和下文的“but it can be done”可知，悲观主义的思维习惯虽然很难被改掉，但是还是可以做到的。break a habit意为“改掉习惯” 。C(2017南京、淮安高三三模)Research sh
33、ows that when we are absorbed in an activity，even minor distractions(分心) can have a huge effect.According to a study， regaining our_41_drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.Multitasking(多任务)，as many studies have shown，is a myth(谬论)A more accurate_42_of what happens when we tell o
34、urselves we are multitasking is that were rapidly_43_between activities，sucking our mental energy.And the_44_can be surprisingly serious.An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be_45_by distractions like emails and text messages.The_46_is that multitasking
35、is enjoyable.Its fun to satisfy your curiosity.Who knows what that next email or text message holds_47_？ Finding out provides immediate satisfaction._48_，resisting distractions and staying on task requires_49_and mental effort.So，what are we to do?Our strategy is to change the_50_to move temptation
36、further away: shut down your email program or_51_your phone.Its a lot easier to stay on task when youre not_52_fighting off mental desires.The alternative，which most of us consider common，is _53_ to dieting in a bakery.We all need the willpower to resist the temptations，but doing so comes with_54_co
37、sts to our limited supply of willpower.Another worthwhile_55_is to collect similar activities together，keeping transition(转换 ) time to a_56_point.Instead of spreading phone calls，meetings and emails throughout your day，try_57_ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.In some jobs，multitaski
38、ng is_58_Some of us truly do need to stay_59_to our clients， colleagues and managers.So its worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.Remember， the more you do to minimize taskswitching over the course of the day，the more ability youll have for activities that actually_60_Even smal
39、l changes can make a big difference.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在多项任务中，不停地进行任务切换会让我们分心，所以尽可能避免同时处理多项事情或减少任务切换的时间就显得尤为重要了。41A.initial BpersonalCinner DambitiousA 注意力被打断以后，重新获得最初的干劲可能大约需要 20 分钟。initial“最初的” ；personal “个人的” ；inner“内部的 ”；ambitious“雄心勃勃的” 。42A.plan BaccountCprediction DinsightB 根据下文中的“is that w
40、ere rapidly .mental energy”可知，此处指的是对发生了什么的更准确的描述。account“描述” ，符合语境。43A.switching BswingingCswapping DshuttlingA 根据语境及下文中的“taskswitching ”可知， 此处指我们在活动间进行快速转换。switch“改变，转换” 。44A.benefits BreasonsCconsequences DchallengesC 根据下文中的“we lose as many as 10 IQ points .”可知，此处指后果可能会出奇地严重。consequence“后果” ，符合语境。
41、45A.guided BchangedCadapted DinterruptedD 根据语境可知，此处指当我们允许我们的工作被诸如电子邮件和短信这样使人分心的事情打断(interrupt)时。第一段中的“interruption”亦是提示。46A.advantage BemphasisCtrouble DpracticeC 根据下文中的“multitasking is enjoyable .provides immediate satisfaction”及“resisting distractions .effort”可知，此处指问题 (trouble)是同时做几件事情是很有趣的。advant
42、age“优势” ；emphasis “重点” ；practice“做法” 。47A.in stock Bin storeCin check Din possessionB 谁知道下一封电子邮件或短信里会有什么呢？hold sth.in store“储藏着，就要出现” 。48A.As a rule BAs a resultCIn short DIn contrastD 相比之下，抵制令人分心的事并继续把注意力放在任务上需要自制力和脑力。as a rule“通常” ；as a result“结果” ；in short“总之” ；in contrast“相反，相比之下” 。49A.patience
43、BdisciplineCcourage DattentionB 参见上题解析。patience “耐心” ；discipline “纪律，自制力” ；courage“勇气” ；attention“注意力” 。50A.expectation BtaskCenvironment DvisionC 根据下文中的“shut down your email program .”可知，我们的策略是通过改变环境来转移诱惑：关闭电子邮件程序或把手机调至静音状态。environment“环境” ，符合语境。expectation“期望” ；task“任务” ；vision“视野” 。51A.replace Bs
44、ilenceCanswer DpickB 参见上题解析。silence “使安静，使不说话” ， 符合语境。52A.continuously BfinallyCpassionately DdirectlyA 当你不再持续地抵抗精神欲望时，把注意力保持在任务上要容易得多。continuously“不断地，持续地” ；finally“最终” ； passionately“热诚地” ；directly“直接地” 。53A.similar BrelevantCsuperior DoppositeA 根据下文中的“dieting in a bakery .limited supply of willpo
45、wer”可知，这个供替代的选择与在面包店节食有相似之处。be similar to 是固定用法，意为“与类似” 。54A.affordable BbasicCconsiderable DmodestC 但要做到这一点需要付出相当大的代价。considerable“相当大的” ，符合语境。affordable “付得起的” ；basic“基础的，基本的” ；modest“不太大的，些许的” 。55A.research BaspectCreaction DapproachD 另外一个重要的方法是将类似的活动聚集在一起，把(任务)转换所需的时间保持在最低点。approach“方法”和上文中的“str
46、ategy”对应。56A.minimum BmaximumCturning DfixedA 参见上题解析。minimum“最小的，最低的” 。下文中的“minimize”是提示。57A.analyzing BgroupingCassigning DundertakingB 根据上文中的“collect similar activities together”及下文中的“so that there are fewer transitions”可知， 尝试把相关的任务进行分组。 group“把分组，将分类” ，符合语境。58A.disturbing BannoyingCunavoidable Du
47、nnecessaryC 在有些工作中，同时处理多项事情是不可避免的。unavoidable “不可避免的” ，符合语境。disturbing“令人不安的” ；annoying“令人讨厌的” ；unnecessary“没有必要的 ”。59A.sympathetic BloyalCaccustomed DconnectedD 我们中的有些人确实需要和顾客、同事以及经理保持联系(connected)。sympathetic“同情的” ；loyal“忠诚的” ；accustomed“习惯的” 。60A.matter BfunctionCwork DinterfereA 一天中 ，你任务切换的次数越少，你就越有能力来应对真正重要的活动。matter“重要” ；function“起作用” ；work“奏效” ；interfere“干扰” 。
