2019届高考英语一轮复习 第一部分 教材课文要点 Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World（课件+试题）（打包5套）外研版必修4.zip

1Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural WorldⅠ.阅读理解阅读下面短文,从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出最佳选项。Measles(麻疹), which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗). But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year, 115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high, as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called“herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were reported this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow 2parents to get an exemption(豁免), sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions?Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.1.The first two paragraphs suggest that . A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC.the anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasonsD.information about measles spreads quickly2.Herd immunity works well when . A.exemptions are allowedB.several vaccines are used togetherC.the whole neighborhood is involved inD.new regulations are added to the state laws3.What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A.The overuse of vaccine.B.The lack of medical care.C.The features of measles itself.D.The vaccine opt-outs of some people.4.What is the purpose of the passage?A.To introduce the idea of exemption.B.To discuss methods to cure measles.C.To stress the importance of vaccination.D.To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.Ⅱ.完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2017 河南郑州二模)3I had just started my second year studying at Cambridge University when I was faced with the news I had never expected. A lump in my neck 1 out to be cancer. I would 2 six months of chemotherapy(化疗). After the shock, I was struck by this thought: my 3 didn’t have any room for cancer. I had so much I wanted to 4 and so many goals I wanted to chase. I was faced with the 5 job to tell my friends and family. Then, I had to decide whether to 6 in Cambridge and take five exams at the end of the year. My doctor 7 against it, and so did my parents and teachers. My doctor and teachers convinced me that taking some time off to 8 and relax would be the best thing for me. I could not think of anything 9 . I did not want to 10 a year of my life, receiving pity from those around me. Together with my parents, I tried to persuade the university to 11 me to stay at Cambridge and study only half the course. At the end of the year I would take two exams. It was really a 12 to persuade them to agree. Treatment began and I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week. It made me feel 13 , but to a much lesser degree than I had expected. I was 14 to read, eat and socialize exactly as I used to. I slept a lot and rested a lot, but I also worked hard at my studies. It gave me focus, and it also gave me purpose. Completing my 15 at the end of the term felt like a great personal victory. I took a 16 to continue studying while undergoing treatment, and it 17 . I was successful in my exams—and more 18 , I made a full recovery. Every person facing a disease like cancer must make the 19 that are right for them. I am 20 that I made the decision that was right for me. 1.A.stuck B.came C.turned D.worked2.A.require B.expect C.sense D.arrange3.A.body B.memories C.family D.dreams4.A.face B.achieve C.show D.understand5.A.necessary B.temporaryC.difficult D.disappointing6.A.join B.treat C.settle D.continue7.A.fought B.advised C.acted D.decided8.A.recover B.exercise C.study D.play49.A.better B.worse C.more D.less10.A.save B.spend C.take D.miss11.A.help B.remind C.allow D.invite12.A.struggle B.failure C.burden D.trouble13.A.tired B.relaxed C.confident D.nervous14.A.afraid B.ready C.able D.eager15.A.purpose B.projects C.treatment D.exams16.A.rest B.risk C.privilege D.job17.A.ended up B.passed onC.paid off D.broke out18.A.clearly B.interestinglyC.specifically D.importantly19.A.choices B.changesC.efforts D.chances20.A.surprised B.excitedC.determined D.proudⅢ.短文改错(2017 湖北云梦一中模拟)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改 10 处,多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。A man has been waiting at the bus stop. After a few minutes later, the bus arrived and did not stop. The man thought it would stop a little far, so he started running after the bus. Fortunately, the bus never stopped. The man kept follow the bus until he arrived home. The man was very glad that he could save bit of money. He happily told his wife,“Honey, today I ran 5after the buses until getting home. I didn’t have to pay the fee.”Surprisingly, the wife blamed her,“You fool! Do you know how many you could save if you ran after a taxi?”Ⅳ.书面表达(2017 安徽滁州模拟)假如你是李华,你校将于本周五上午举行题为“Protecting wild animals”的英文演讲比赛,你将代表你班参赛, 请你写一份演讲稿。内容主要包括:1.野生动物的生存现状;2.举例说明保护野生动物的重要性;3.你是如何做的。注意:词数 100 左右(开头已经给出,不计入总词数)。Good morning, everyone!I’m more than glad to stand here and give a short speech on protecting wild animals. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6答案精解精析Ⅰ.阅读理解[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。题材为科普知识类。14 年前因为疫苗的使用,麻疹病在美国几乎消失了。但是最近,美国麻疹病例的数量却呈小幅上升趋势,这无疑给人们敲响了警钟。1.A 推理判断题。文章第一段讲的是由于反疫苗运动,麻疹病卷土重来;再根据第二段第一句可知,麻疹病例的数量听起来不多,但是它们却是一种危险趋势的开始。2.C 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,群体免疫力只有在几乎整个群体都进行了疫苗免疫后才能起作用,故选 C 项。3.D 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句及倒数第三、四段的内容可知选 D 项。4.C 主旨大意题。作者通过讲述日益增长的反疫苗运动以及一些州政府法律对于疫苗豁免权的不限制,分析了美国麻疹病例的数量呈小幅上升趋势的原因,由此向读者强调接种疫苗的重要性,故选 C 项。Ⅱ.完形填空[语篇解读] “我”在上大二的时候被诊断出得了癌症。最终,我靠着自己顽强的意志得到了回报,不仅取得了好的成绩,身体也康复了。1.C 结合下文 six months of chemotherapy(化疗) 可知作者得了癌症,他脖子上的肿块被发现(turn out to be)是癌症。故正确答案为 C 项。stick out 伸出;come out 出来,出版;work out 解决,计算出。2.A 结合上文可知,因为作者脖子上的肿块被发现是癌症,因此他将需要(require)六个月的化疗。expect 意为“期望”,sense 意为“感觉”,arrange 意为“安排”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。3.D 结合下文 so many goals I wanted to chase 可知作者还有很多目标要追求,在他的梦想(dream)中并没有一点空间留给病痛。body 意为“身体”,memory 意为“记忆”,family 意为“家庭”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。4.B 作者并不想生病,他还有很多事情要去完成(achieve)。face 意为“面对”,show 意为“展示”,understand 意为“理解,明白”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。5.C 结合上下文可知,得癌症是一件痛苦不堪的事情,因此要告诉朋友和家人是很艰难的(difficult)。necessary 意为“必要的”,temporary 意为“暂时的”,disappointing 意为“失望的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。6.D 结合上文 I had just started my second year studying at Cambridge University 可知作者得癌症是在剑桥大学学习第二年的时候,因此他需要考虑是否继续(continue)他的学业。join 意为“参加”,treat 意为“治疗”,settle 意为“解决”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。77.B 结合下文 and so did my parents and teachers 可知医生、父母和老师都不同意(advise against)作者继续完成学业,advise against 意为“持反对意见,相反的建议”,符合文意。fight 意为“斗争”,act 意为“表演,行动”,decide 意为“决定”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。8.A 作者得病了需要治疗,所以医生和老师建议“我”休假一段时间用来恢复(recover)和放松。exercise 意为“锻炼”,study 意为“学习”,play 意为“玩耍”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。9.B 作者需要休学一年来养身体,在这一年没法继续自己的学业,因此只能收获遗憾,这对作者来说是不能更糟糕的(worse)事了。better 意为“更好的”,more 意为“更多的”,less 意为“更少的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。10.D 结合文章内容可知,如果作者休假一年,他就会徒留遗憾地错过(miss)生命中宝贵的一年。save 意为“保存;拯救”,spend 意为“花费”,take 意为“拿,取”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。11.C 结合上文 Together with my parents, I tried to persuade the university 和下文 to stay at Cambridge and study only half the course 可知,此处应为“我”努力说服学校允许(allow)我待在剑桥并只学习一半的课程,allow sb. do sth. to 意为“允许某人做某事”,符合文意。help sb. (to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”,invite sb. to do sth. 意为“邀请某人做某事”,remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。12.A 结合上文 At the end of the year I would take two exams.可知,“我”还有两个考试,所以此处应为“说服学校同意是件很费力的事(struggle)”,struggle 可用作名词,意为“费力的事”,符合文意。failure 意为“失败”,burden 意为“负担”,trouble 意为“麻烦”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。13.A 结合上文 Treatment began and I was up and down from Cambridge to London every other week 可知,此处应为“每隔一周奔波于剑桥和伦敦之间使我感到累(tired)”。relaxed 意为“放松的”,confident 意为“自信的”,nervous 意为“不安的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。14.C 结合下文 to read, eat and socialize exactly as I used to 可知,此处应为“我能够(able)和以前一样读书、吃东西和社交”,be able to do sth. 意为“能够做某事”,符合文意。be ready to do sth. 意为“准备好做某事”,be eager to do sth. 意为“渴望做某事”,be afraid to do sth. “担心做某事”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 C。15.D 此处应为“在期末完成考试(exam)感觉像个人伟大的胜利”。purpose 意为“目的”,project 意为“项目”,treatment 意为“治疗”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。16.B 结合上文可知,医生并不建议作者在生病的情况下参加考试,所以此处应为“我冒险(take a risk)在治疗的同时学习”。take a rest 意为“休息”,take a privilege 意为“有特权”,take a job 意为“工作”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 B。817.C 结合下文 I was successful in my exams 可知,此处应为“我在治疗的同时继续学习这件事得到了好结果(pay off)”。故正确答案为 C 项。end up 结束;pass on 递给;break out(战争、疾病等)爆发。18.D 结合上文 I was successful in my exams 和下文 I made a full recovery 可知,前后为递进关系,所以此处应为“更重要的是(more importantly)”。clearly 意为“清晰地”,interestingly 意为“有趣地”,specifically 意为“确切地说”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。19.A 结合下文 I made the decision that was right for me 可知,此处填的词应与 make the decision 意义相近,make the choices 意为“做出选择”,符合文意。change 意为“改变”,effort 意为“努力”,chance 意为“机会”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 A。 20.D 此处应为“我很自豪(proud)我做出了正确的决定”。surprised 意为“惊讶的”,excited 意为“激动的”,determined 意为“坚定的”,均不符合文意。故正确答案为 D。Ⅲ.短文改错1.第一句:has→had 考查时态。“公共汽车到达”发生在过去,因此“等公共汽车”发生在“过去的过去”,且“一直在进行”,故用过去完成进行时。2.第二句:去掉 later 考查副词。句中已有 After,故 later 多余。3.第二句:and→but 考查连词。前后两个动作是转折而非并列关系。4.第三句:far→farther/further 考查比较级。此处有比较的含义,故用比较级形式。5.第四句:Fortunately→Unfortunately 考查副词。他本来以为公共汽车会在远一点的地方停下来,因此开始追公共汽车,但公共汽车根本没有停止,因此这是不幸的。6.第五句:follow→following 考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth.一直做某事。7.第六句:bit 前加 a 考查冠词。a bit of 一点。8.第七句:buses→bus 考查名词的单复数。根据上文可知此处指的是所追赶的那辆公共汽车,故用单数形式。9.第八句:her→him 考查代词。此处指代 the man。10.第八句:many→much 此处指省的钱,故应为 much。Ⅳ.书面表达One possible version:Good morning, everyone! I’m more than glad to stand here and give a short speech on protecting wild animals.As is known to us, a large number of wild animals have been killed for their meat, skins, etc.As a result, thousands of animals have either died out or become endangered. 9Actually, protecting wild animals benefits not only the animals themselves but also humans.For example, if farmers killed too many eagles, their corn and grain would be destroyed by rats.The reason is that with no eagles to hunt rats, their number would increase quickly.Therefore, all of us must do something to protect wild animals.As for me, I have joined an organization in our town whose aim is to call on people to protect wild animals and I have taken part in several activities.Let’s take action to protect wild animals now!1Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World1 课文与语法填空阅读所学课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lake Tianchi is the highest volcanic lake in the world,covering 1. area of about ten square kilometres.The“Monster of Lake Tianchi”attracts people’s attention again after several recent sightings.2. there was no one getting a clear look at the 3. (mystery)creature,a local photographer claimed that its head looked like a horse.And some soldiers had ever seen it 4. (move)on the surface of the water and found that it had a round head with 10-centimetre horns.Someone else had also noticed that the creature moved 5. (quick)through the water and then dived into it.Several minutes later,it appeared again and could 6. (see)clearly because of the calm lake. There 7. (be)reports of monsters in Lake Tianchi since the 8. (begin)of the last century.Some people even guess that there might be similar creatures in other lakes,but the scientists are sceptical 9. it.They all think that 10. is unlikely that such large living creatures live in the low-temperature lake. 2 课文与短文改错根据课文内容,对下面材料进行修改。文中共有 10 处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。People talk about dragons almost everywhere in the world,and the dragon has a different character in different part of the world.2In Chinese culture,the idea of the dragon may come from the alligator—a good sign of agriculture.It was a bringer of good fortune.Dragons are generous and wise,unless unpredictable.It was close connected to the royal family.According to popular belief,if you are born in the year of the dragon,you are intelligent,brave,and a natural leader.But in the west,the idea of the dragon probably came from the snake—an animal of that people were afraid.However,across the border in the Wales,the red dragon appeared on the Welsh flag is a positive symbol,indicating strength and a sense of national identity.3 话题知识与写作根据下面的素材，用本模块所学词汇和句式结构完成句子。1.稀有动物的存在使我们的世界丰富多彩,充满生机。____________________________________________________________________________________________2.研究表明一些动物正从世界上消失。____________________________________________________________________________________________3.它们濒临灭绝的原因是它们不适应环境,部分原因是人类活动。____________________________________________________________________________________________4.许多猎人靠打猎生存。他们为了发财破坏它们的栖息地。____________________________________________________________________________________________5.许多人主张政府应该采取措施来保护动物。____________________________________________________________________________________________【联句成篇】把以上句子联成短文,要求衔接连贯、过渡自然。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3答案精解精析1.课文与语法填空1.an 考查冠词。cover an area of 占地面积为。2.ThoughAlthough 考查让步状语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处表示让步。3.mysterious 考查词性转换。修饰名词应用形容词形式。4.moving 考查非谓语动词。see sb.sth.doing sth.看见某人某物正在做某事。5.quickly 考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词形式。6.be seen 考查被动语态。it 与 see 是被动关系,故用被动语态。7.have been 考查动词的时态。根据 since 引导的时间状语可知此处应用现在完成时。8.beginning 考查词性转换。the 后应用名词形式。9.about 考查介词。be sceptical about 对……怀疑。10.it it is unlikely that.……是不可能的。2 课文与短文改错1.第一句:and→but 考查连词。此处表示转折而非并列关系。2.第一句:part→parts 考查名词的单复数。part 为可数名词,且被 different 修饰,故用复数形式。3.第二句:may 后加 have 此处表示对过去动作的推测,故用“情态动词+have done”。4.第二句:第二个 of→for 考查介词。此处表示对象,故用介词 for。5.第四句:unless→although 考查从属连词。句意:龙慷慨聪明,尽管难以预料。6.第五句:close→closely 考查副词。根据句意可知此处应用 closely。7.第六句:are→were 考查时态。根据常识可知出生是过去的事情。8.第七句:that→which 考查定语从句。先行词为 animal,介词后的关系代词用 which。9.第八句:去掉 Wales 前的 the 考查冠词。专有名词前不用冠词。10.第八句:appeared→appearing 考查非谓语动词。the red dragon 与 appear 之间为主动关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。3 话题知识与写作1.The existence of rare animals makes our world lively and colorful.2.The research indicates that some animals are disappearing from the world.3.They go extinct because they can’t adapt to the environment,partly due to human activities.4.Many hunters exist on hunting animals.They destroy their habitats to make a fortune.45.A lot of people claim that the government should take measures to protect animals.One possible version:The existence of rare animals makes our world lively and colorful.However,the research indicates that some animals are disappearing from the world.They go extinct because they can’t adapt to the environment,partly due to human activities.As we all know,many hunters exist on hunting animals.They even destroy their habitats to make a fortune.To our relief,a lot of people claim that the government should take measures to protect animals.