1、体裁突破(六) 说明文A(2017浙江绍兴适应性考试)Technology has invaded the classroom.From the time children learn to read 1 they finish university，their schooling is being 2 with digital and online teaching methods.“Technology isnt replacing kids learningits 3 it， ” explains Amanda Henning，the assistant principal at Dal
2、las Brooks.“Pupils are still 4 to learn their times tables and do spelling tests，but we are 5 looking at new ways to improve learning and engage students by using technology.”Gone are the days when the only person in the classroom who had 6 to knowledge was the teacher.Now the facts are 7 with a tap
3、 or a click through the Internet.That means the teachers 8 has fundamentally changed.Teachers can now spend time showing them how to learn 9 teaching children what to learn.“When I was at school we had to learn all the rivers of New South Wales in order.There is not much 10 in learning that now， ” s
4、ays Anne Knock，director of Northern Beaches School in Sydney， “its more about learning abstract 11 and ideas than the complete range of facts.”An even more 12 change is happening in universities.The university lecture theatre is becoming of the past. 13 are now posting their lectures online for stud
5、ents to watch at home.“For the younger generation the idea of sitting and 14 the same person for two hours in a lecture， 15 its interesting.the students dont want to go， ” says Dr Mark Gregory，senior lecturer at Melbounes RMIT University.Theres a worldwide 16 for universities to offer free online co
6、urses.Last year Harvard and MIT 17 60 million to give their courses online 18 .And online education provider Coursera started Asias first massive open online course， 19 has attracted an amazing 17,000 registered students since its 20 in April this year.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介 绍了把科技引 进到课堂，使 课堂教学不再像过去那样仅仅
7、是由老师来传授知识，科技的使用改善了学 习环 境，吸引了学生。1A.after BuntilCwhen Dbefore答案 B解析 after 在之后；until 直到；when 当的时候；before 在之前。根据语境可知，此处指从孩子学习阅读直到他们大学毕业这一过程。故 选 B。2A.replaced BprogrammedCtransformed Ddecorated答案 C解析 replace 取代；program 计划；transform 改变；decorate 装饰。根据文章首句“Technology has invaded the classroom.”及语境可知，从孩子学 习阅
8、读 直到他们大学毕业，他们受到的学校教育正在改变。故选 C。3A.supporting BdisturbingCremoving Dkeeping答案 A解析 support 支持，帮助；disturb 打扰；remove 去除；keep 保持。根据下文的“improve learning and engage students by using technology”可知，技术在帮助孩子们学习。故选 A。4A.appealed BpromisedCdriven Dexpected答案 D解析 appeal 吸引； promise 许诺；drive 驱使；expect 期待。根据上文的“Tec
9、hnology isnt replacing kids learning”及“ still”可知，孩子 们仍如预期一 样学习乘法表和做拼写测试。故选 D。5A.actually BconstantlyCnaturally Deventually答案 B解析 actually 事实上；constantly 不断地；naturally 自然地；eventually 最终。根据语境可知，Amanda 说他们在不断地使用技术来寻找能够改善学习方式和吸引学生的新方法。故选 B。6A.access BpermissionCopportunity Dextension答案 A解析 access 接近； pe
10、rmission 允许；opportunity 机会；extension 延长。根据语境可知，在教室里唯一使用知识的人是老师的时代过去了。 have access to 为固定搭配，意 为“使用，接近” ，符合语境。故选 A。7A.obvious BflexibleCavailable Dcommon答案 C解析 obvious 明显的；flexible 灵活的；available 可得到的；common 共同的，普通的。根据常识可知，现在通过互联网轻敲或点 击就可以得到很多资料。故选 C。8A.quality BroleCtalent Didentity答案 B解析 quality 质量；r
11、ole 角色；talent 天才；identity 身份。根据本段第一句可知，老师的角色已经从根本上改变了。故选 B。9A.except for Bas forCother than Drather than答案 D解析 except for 除了以外； as for 关于；other than 除了； rather than 而不是。根据语境可知，老师现在能够花时间告诉学生如何学习而不是教他们学什么。故选 D。10A.point BdifferenceCdoubt Dtrouble答案 A解析 point 要点；difference 差异；doubt 怀疑；trouble 麻烦 。根据下文的
12、 “its more about learning.than the complete range of facts”可知， 现在按部就班地学习新南威尔士州的所有的河流没有多少意义了。There is no point in doing sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事没有意义” 。故选 A。11A.concepts BarrangementsCfigures Drights答案 A解析 concept 概念；arrangement 安排；figure 数字，人物；right 权利。根据语境可知，与其了解完整的一系列事实，还不如了解抽象的概念和想法。故 选 A。12A.horrible Bst
13、eadyCslight Dsignificant答案 D解析 horrible 可怕的；steady 稳定的；slight 轻微的；significant 重要的。根据下文介 绍的大学情况可知，此处指在大学有更重要的改 变发生。故 选 D。13A.Graduates BLecturersCAdvertisers DPrinciples答案 B解析 graduate 毕业生；lecturer 演讲者；advertiser 登广告者；principle 行为准则，惯例。根据空格前的“The university lecture theatre is becoming of the past.”以及
14、空格后的“posting their lectures online”可知，此处指演讲者。故 选 B。14A.arguing with Bworking outClistening to Dapproving of答案 C解析 argue with 与争论；work out 算出；listen to 听；approve of 赞成。根据“lecture”可知，此处指听同一个人演讲两个小 时。故 选 C。15A.now that Bas ifCeven if Dso that答案 C解析 now that 既然；as if 似乎； even if 即使；so that 以便，以至于。根据下文的“
15、the students dont want to go”可知，即使演 讲有趣，学生们也不想去。故选 C。16A.organization BscheduleCcustom Dtrend答案 D解析 organization 组织；schedule 时间表；custom 风俗；trend 趋势。根据 语境并结合选项可知，大学提供免费的网上课程是一个世界范围的趋势。故 选 D。17A.exchanged BprovidedCearned Ddelivered答案 B解析 exchange 交换；provide 提供；earn 挣得；deliver 运送。根据上文的“offer free onli
16、ne courses”可知，去年哈佛和麻省理工学院 为它们的免费网上课程提供了 6 千万美元。故选 B。18A.for free Bfor profitCfor convenience Dfor sale答案 A解析 for free 免费的；for profit 为了盈利；for convenience 为了方便；for sale 出售。根据上文的“free online courses ”可知，此处指的是免费网上课程。故选 A。19A.this BwhichCthat Dwhat答案 B解析 分析句子结构可知，空格 处引导非限制性定语从句，所以应用关系代词 which 引导。故选 B。20
17、A.solution BpromotionCdiscovery Dstart答案 D解析 solution 解决方案；promotion 提升；discovery 发现； start 开始。根据 语境可知，自从今年四月开始以来，已经吸引了一万七千名学生注册。故 选 D。B(2017盐城南洋中学调研)Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks 21 than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more 22 than
18、we realize.In fact， non-verbal communication(非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really 23 .And body language is particularly 24 when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so 25 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as
19、a result of it. 26 ，different societies treat the 27 between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having 28 contact(接触) even with friends，and certainly not with 29 .People from Latin American countries， 30 ，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it s possible that in 31 ，it may
20、look like a Latino is 32 a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving 33 .The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep 34 which the Latino will in return regard as 35 .Clearly，a great deal is going on when people 36 .And only a part of it i
21、s in the words themselves.And when parties are from 37 cultures，there s a strong possibility of 38 .But whatever the situation，the best 39 is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be 40 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介 绍了身势语及其在不同文化中的不同含 义。21A.straighter BlouderCharder Dfurther答案 B解析 由首句“身体语言
22、是所有 语言中沉默、秘密而又最有力量的语言！”可知，本句应表达“身体语言比口头语言更有说服力” ，所以 选 louder。22A.sounds BinvitationsCfeelings Dmessages答案 D解析 根据上文的“身体语言是最有力量的 语言”可知，我们的身体传递出比我们意识到的更多的信息，所以 messages 符合句意。23A.hope BreceiveCdiscover Dmean答案 D解析 实际上，非言语交际大约占我们所要表达的真正意思的 50%。mean 意思是，本意是。24A.immediate BmisleadingCimportant Ddifficult答案
23、 C解析 上文说到身体语言在交 际中的作用，本句 则说明身体语言在跨文化交流时的重要作用，所以使用 important。25A.well BfarCmuch Dlong答案 C解析 的确，我们所说的身体语言在我们的生活中占了如此大的比重，但实际上往往未被注意到。结合句意可知，四个选项中，只有 much 跟“a名词 ”连用合适。26A.For example BThusCHowever DIn short答案 A解析 下文作者给出了一个实 例来说明不同文化背景的人对于“个人空间”的不同习俗，所以此处使用 for example，意为“例如” 。27A.trade BdistanceCconnec
24、tions Dgreetings答案 B解析 下文举的例子与“个人空 间”有关，所以此 处使用 distance，表示 “距离” 。28A.eye BverbalCbodily Dtelephone答案 C解析 由下文描述的挪威人不断地后退可知，北欧人不喜欢与其他人有身体上的(bodily) 接触，所以 C 项正确。29A.strangers BrelativesCneighbours Denemies答案 A解析 与前面的 even with friends 构成对比，此处应表示“陌生人” 。30A.in other words Bon the other handCin a similar
25、 way Dby all means答案 B解析 与北欧人的习俗构成对 比，拉丁美洲人喜 欢肢体接触，所以此处用 on the other hand“另一方面” ，表示转折。in other words 换句话说；in a similar way 类似方式地；by all means 当然可以。31A.trouble BconversationCsilence Dexperiment答案 B解析 由于习俗不同，所以挪威人与拉丁美洲人在 谈话(conversation) 时，就会出现拉丁美洲人追着挪威人说话的情形，故选 B 项。32A.disturbing BhelpingCguiding Df
26、ollowing答案 D解析 根据上题解析可知此处 使用 following。33A.closer BfasterCin Daway答案 A解析 谈话过程中拉丁美洲人一直在靠近挪威人，所以使用 closer。34A.stepping forward Bgoing onCbacking away Dcoming out答案 C解析 挪威人由于不喜欢与别 人靠得太近，所以只能不停地后退，故选 C 项。35A.weakness BcarelessnessCfriendliness Dcoldness答案 D解析 挪威人的后退在拉丁美洲人的眼中是一种冷漠 (coldness)，所以 D 项正确。36A
27、.talk BtravelClaugh Dthink答案 A解析 这一段是对上文的总结 ，在人 们交谈(talk)时，有很多事情在发生着，所以 A 项正确。37A.different BEuropeanCLatino Drich答案 A解析 根据上文的陈述，当来自不同(different)文化的两个人交流时，很有可能会产生误会。38A.curiosity BexcitementCmisunderstanding Dnervousness答案 C解析 文化背景的差异带来的 应该是误解(misunderstanding)，所以 C 项正确。39A.chance BtimeCresult Dadvi
28、ce答案 D解析 面对误解，作者给出的应是最好的建议，所以使用 advice。40A.noticed BtreatedCrespected Dpleased答案 B解析 treat others as you would like to be treated 是一个俗语。句意为：用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人。所以使用 treated。C(2017仪征中学期初考试)Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth，and as
29、 a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.This is especially 41 in agriculture，where sustainable development is often taken 42 the only measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspec
30、tives.To start with，it is important to remember that the 43 of agriculture has changed greatly throughout history，and will 44 to do so.Medieval(中世纪的) agriculture in northern Europe fed，clothed and sheltered a mainly rural society with a much 45 population density(密度) than it is today.It had minimal
31、46 on biodiversity，and any pollution it caused was typically localized.In 47 of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was 48 inefficient.Whats more， demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that 49 it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a ye
32、ar by 2050.Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water 50 for agriculture in many regions.All this means that 51 in the 21st century will have to be very different from 52 it was in the 20th.This will require radical thinking.For example，we need to move away from the idea t
33、hat traditional 53 are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.We also need to 54 the idea that agriculture can be “zero impact”The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability，which 55 the need to maintain production without increasing 56 .Instead we need a more
34、flexible interpretation， 57 that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used.There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food production：energy use，environmental costs，water purity，carbon footprint and biodiversity.It is clear，for example， 58 the carb
35、on of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting.But we do not know 59 lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that 60 agriculture is not just about sustainable fo
36、od production.语篇解读 本文的话题是关于农业可持续发展。 讲述了如何在保持 农业可持续发展的同时避免产生更多的破坏，并指出农业 的可持续发展并不仅仅是关于可持 续的粮食生产。41A.true BwrongCimpossible Dsimilar答案 A解析 上文说到“it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use”。根据下文的 “without a proper appreciation of histor
37、ical and cultural perspectives”(而这并没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评估)可知，这种情况在农业方面也是存在的。true 真实的。42A.for BinCas Dover答案 C解析 根据下文的“without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives”可知，空处意为：可持续发展通常被作为进步的唯一衡量标准。 as 作为。43A.nature BwayCperformance Ddevelopment答案 A解析 在整个历史进程中，农业 的本质一直在变化。此 处选 A。nature
38、 特性，性质。44A.decide BcontinueCstart Dprepare答案 B解析 根据常识可知，历史在 发展，技 术在更新，所以农业本质的变化也会继续(continue) 。故选 B。45A.greater BlessClower Dlarger答案 C解析 根据常识可知，当时中世 纪的人口密度比现在要小得多。lower 更低的，故选 C。46A.result BaffectCeffect Dending答案 C解析 根据上下文语境可知，此 处指农业对生物多样性的影响。result 结果，不和介 词 on 连用；affect 是及物动词，意为“影响 ”；effect 是名词，意
39、 为“影响 ”，和介词 on 连用；ending 是名词，意为“结尾” 。故选 C。47A.case BtermsChonor Dview答案 B解析 此处介绍了当时的农业在能源利用以及农产品所含有的营养成分方面的情况。in terms of 在方面，就而言。48A.absolutely BgraduallyCrelatively Ddramatically答案 C解析 就能源利用及农产品所含的营养成分而言，它是相对低效的。 relatively 相对地，符合题意。absolutely 绝对地；gradually 逐渐地；dramatically 戏剧性地，都不合题意。49A.remainin
40、g BlosingCdoing Dmeeting答案 D解析 此外，发展中国家对畜 产品的需求增长如此迅速，以至于在 2050 年之前每年需要额外收获 3 亿吨谷物才能满足该需求。 meet the demand 满足需要。50A.adequate BavailableCalternative Dallergic答案 B解析 根据上文可知，此处意 为：但是在很多地区，城市和工业的发展导致农业可利用的水资源越来越少。available 可使用的。51A.environment BirrigationCindustry Dagriculture答案 D解析 上文说的是农业方面的情况。此 处继续讲述
41、农业方面的不同。句意为：所有这些都意味着 21 世纪的农业将非常不同于 20 世纪的农业。agriculture 农业，故选 D。52A.as BwhenChow Dthat答案 C解析 此处说的是 21 世纪的农业将非常不同于 20 世纪的样子。how 怎么样，故选 C。53A.farming BworksCsolutions Dpractices答案 D解析 例如，我们需要摒弃传统 生产比新型生产注定更有利于可持 续发展的想法。 practice 做法。54A.defend BrequireCsupport Dabandon答案 D解析 根据句中的 also 和上文的 move away
42、from 可知，此处选 abandon(抛弃)。句意为：我们同样需要抛弃农业可以“零污染”的观念。55A.feed on Bgo onCcentre on Dcount on答案 C解析 根据上文可知，此处指 这些方法的核心在于需要在保持生 产的同时避免产生更多的破坏。centre on 集中于。56A.devotion BdamageCcost Dembarrassment答案 B解析 参考上一题的解析。damage 破坏。故选 B。57A.one BthatCthe one Dthose答案 A解析 从句子结构和句意可知，此空是作同位语， 补充说明上文的 “a more flexible interpretation”。故选 A。58A.which BwhatCthat Dwhen答案 C解析 从句子结构可知，空处 引导主语从句。 It is clear that.是很明显的。故 选 C。59A.whether BwhyCwhat Dwhich答案 A解析 但是我们不知道降低碳排放量是否总是对生物多样性是有益的。whether 是否。故选A。60A.traditional BsustainableCcontemporary Dcurrent答案 B解析 此处仍旧重申农业的可持续发展问题，故 选 B。句意为：关键是要意识到农业的可持续发展并不仅仅是关于可持续的粮食生产。
