1、模块十：非谓语动词一、动词不定式（重点）1、结构及特征：动词不定式的基本形式是“to + 动词原形 ”，有时可以不带 to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语，所以我们又称之为非谓语形式。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。2、动词不定式的用法：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1） 作主语 例如：To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well.说明
2、动词不定式作主语时，往往用 it 作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：It is + adj.+ 动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用 for+sb.It is + adj.+ for sb. To do sth.2）作表语My wish is to become a teacher.3）作宾语Most of us like to watch football matches.4）作宾语补足语He told me to be here on time.5）作定语I have nothing to say about that thing.6）作状语He stopped to
3、have a look.说明 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成例如：He asked me not to make such a mistake.3、不定式的否定形式：Tell him not to shut the window 典型例题Tell him _ the window. A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut 答案：B. tell sb to do sth 的否定形式为 tell sb not to do sth.4、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词 who, what, which
4、和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。例如：(1) He doesnt know how to use the machine. (不定式作宾语)(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)5、 省 to 的动词不定式1）使役动词 let, have, make：2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, li
5、sten to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略 to。注意：在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。A. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.B. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night.3）would rather，had better + do 【难点】6、不定式的特殊句型：1）tooto：太而不能He is too excited to speak.2）enough to do：足以做 The child is
6、old enough to go to schooll.3）Why not +动词原形“表达向某人提出建议，翻译为：“为什么不?“ Why not take a holiday?4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 7、不定式的难点：1）用作介词的“to”：look forward to 渴望; pay attention to 注意; devote oneself to 献身于；be/get used to 习惯等等。2） Its for sb.和 Its of sb.A. for sb. 常用于
7、表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如 easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等：Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 B. of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如 good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。【说明】for 与 of 的辨别方法：用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形
8、容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用 of，不通则用 for。如： You are nice. (通顺，所以应用 of)。He is hard. (人是困难的，不通。 或者: To study two languages is hard for him。 因此应用 for。)二、动词的-ing 形式：1动词的-ing 形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing 构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语My favorite s
9、port is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3） 动名词作宾语Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。She cant help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。说明 有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语。例如：admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, cant help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,等
10、。6）动名词作定语：动名词作定语时和形容词的功能是相似的。动名词可以单独作定语，例如： a smiling face 笑脸 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐车2动词的-ing 形式用作现在分词：-ing 分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe例如：1）There we found him watching TV. 我们发现他在那儿看电视。 2）I heard someone kno
11、cking at the door. 我听见有人在敲门。 3比较：1）共同点：动词不定式结构和动词的-ing 形式都被称之为非谓语结构，因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置。2）区别动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生，此外，若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式，而-ing 分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行。动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语。3）接不定式或动名词，意义相同： begin to do begin doing start to do start doing continue to do continue d
12、oing4）动名词与不定式语义不同 ：A. stop to do stop doing B. forget to do forget doingC. remember to do remember doing D. try to do try doingE. go on to do go on doing F. be afraid to do be afraid doing 三、 【考点诠释】1、考查非谓语动词用作主语不定式或动名词用作主语，而分词不能担任句子中的主语。 【考例】Its very nice pictures for me. 天津A. of you to draw B. for
13、you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing答案：A。解析 考查 Its+形容词+of/for sb. +to do sth.句中 it 为形式主语，to do 是真正的主语，当形容词是表示品质意思时，应该用 of sb ，其他形容词用 for sb ，故此题答案为 A。2、考查非谓语动词用作宾语【考例】一 Its a bit cold Would you mind my _all the windows?一 Do as you like，please07 淄博市Aclose B will close Cclosing Dto close 答
14、案C 解析动词 mind 意为“介意” ，后跟动词时，应使用 ing 形式。Mary and I enjoy _ badminton07 黔岭东南州Ato play B playing Cplayed答案B解析 enjoy 后跟动词的 ing 形式作宾语，即：enjoy doing something，意为“喜欢(做)某事” 。-So hot in the classroomWould you mind _the windows?0KIll do it right now黄冈市A not closing B not opening C closing Dopening答案D 解析 mind 是
15、中考的重点考查词汇，其后跟 ving 表示“介意” 。 -Mr. Wang，I have trouble _the text一 Remember _it three times at least 威海市Ato understand；reading B understanding；readingC understanding；to read Dto understand ；to read at night 答案C 解析have trouble doing something 意为“做某事有困难” ，所以答案在 B 与 C 中。remember to do something 意为“记得(去) 做
16、某事” ，remember doing something 意为“记得做过某事” ，由对话的语境可知，前者正确。 -How are you feeling here?-Its quite hot. I dont know to go or stay. 武汉A. how B. when C. whether D. where答案：C 。 解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道是走还是留下来。 ”故选 C。Many people think its very important us learn English well. 贵阳A. for, to B. to, to C. w
17、ith, for答案：A。解析 考查“主语+feel/think/ make/ find +it +adj. +for sb. +to do sth.句中 it 为形式宾语，to do 是真正的宾语， ”故此题答案为 A。The menu has so many good things! I cant decide_.河北A. what to eat B. how to eat C. where to eat D. when to eat答案：A 。 解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不能决定吃什么。”故选 A。12-My dad bought me a new MP4, b
18、ut I dont know _.-Lets read the instructions.河南课改试验区 A. what to use B. which one to use C. how to use it D. when to use it答案：C 。 解析 考查“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“我不知道如何使用。”故选 C。13It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yand Hongying.潍坊A. read; written B. to read; written C. reading; to write D. to rea
19、d; wrote答案：B 。 解析 It takes +sb+some time +to do sth表示花费多长时间做某事，novel 与write 的关系是动宾关系，应用过去分词，表示被动。故答案为 B。Drivers are warned _when they are tired.佛山A. to drive B. not drive C. not to drive答案：C 。 解析 考查动词不定式的否定结构。否定形式是在 to 前面加 not。故选 C。If you want to know _the mobile phone, youd better read the instruct
20、ions first.大连A. how to use B. how to make C. where to mend D. where to buy答案：A。解析 考查“疑问词 +动词不定式”的用法。根据句意“如果你想要知道如何使用手机的话，你最好先看一看说明书。 ”故选 A。China will spend about 52 billion yuan _new airports and _old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period(时期) 07 临沂市Arepairing; building B to bui
21、ld；repair Cbuilding；repairing Dto repair； build答案C解析本题主要是考查动词 spend 的用法。spend doing something 意为“花费做某事” ，由此可排除 B、D 两项。再从句意上看，应是“修建”新机场， “维修”旧机场。3 students should pay attention to _the teacher in class07 泰州市Ahear B1istento C listening to D hearing of答案C解析本题考查了介词后跟动词的情况。 pay attention to 意为“注意” ，其中 to
22、 是介词，所以后面的动词应使用动名词形式。hear of 意为“听说” ，与句意不符。3、考查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语原则上，所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语，其区别是：不定式表未来，现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成和被动。 【考例】Alice asked me another bag for her. 北京市课标卷A. get B. got C. to get D. getting答案：C 。 解析 ask sbto do sth表示让某人做某事，此句话的意思为:“爱丽丝叫我给她再带一个包。 ”Our parents often tell us not alone in the rive
23、r in summer. 长沙A. swim B. to swim C. swimming答案：B 。 解析 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。tell sbto do sth表示告诉某人做某事，tell 后边要加不定式，否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，根据题意，应选 B。-What did your sister say to you last night?-She asked me _my father her secret.绍兴 A. to tell not B. not to tell C. dont tell D. not tell答案：B 。 解析 tell sbto do s
24、th表示告诉某人做某事，tell 后边要加不定式，否定形式是在 to 前面加 not，根据题意，应选 B。Betty is often seen _the old man with his housework.咸宁A. help B. to help C. helped D. helps答案：B 。 解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在 make, let, have 等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel 等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时，不定式就成了主语补语，作主语补
25、语的不定式必须加 to。故选 B。Time goes by so fast. We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them _ how much they mean to us. 哈尔滨A. to know B. knowing C. know答案：C 。 解析 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。make sb. do sth. 表示“使某人” ，故选 C。-How do you feel when you see the national flag of China?-It makes us
26、_proud.包头A. feel B. to feel C. felt D. feeling答案：A。解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法。在 make, let, have 等使役动词和see, watch, notice, hear, listen to，look at，feel 等感官动词后的复合宾语中，动词不定式不带to。故选 A。4、考查非谓语动词用作定语【考例】Shopping with me?Sorry. I have a lot of clothes . （2004 江西省南昌） Ato wash B washed Cwash Dto be washed答案: A命题立意 ：
27、本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。试题解析：作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时，就用主动式的不定式来表被动意义。故选 A。5、考查非谓语动词用作状语 【考例】-Linda, I am very thirsty.-Lets go to the nearest supermarket some drinks, OK? 重庆A. buy B. bought C. to buy D. buying答案：C 。 解析 考查不定式作目的状语的用法。句意为：“咱们去最近的超级市场买些饮料。 ”In order _the word a friendly place, one must show a f
28、riendly face.乐山A. makes B. making C. to make D. make答案：C 。 解析 考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构。in order to do sth.表示“为了”的意思，不定式作目的状语。故选 C。一 There goes the bell一 Its time for class. Lets stop_.福州市A talk B to talk Ctalking Dnot talk答案C解析 动词 stop 后既可接动词不定式作宾语，即：stop to do sth，也可以接动词的一 ing 形式作定语，即：stop doing sth。前者表示停
29、下来(开始) 做后面的动作，后者表示停止当前的动作。由语境“铃响了，到了上课时间，应停止交谈”可知，应选 C 项。【基础练习】(一)选择最佳答案1. Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on 3. Is _ necessary to return the book tomorrow?A.
30、 this B. that C. it D. which4. Im afraid they would not allow him _ here.A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke5. Mother told me _ the water before I drank it.A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought7. Li Yang advised me
31、_ too much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking8. He _ two million yuan _a vase at the auction.A. spent, buy B. cost, buying C. paid, buy D. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is _.A. visit to him B. to visit him C. visiting him D. visi
32、ted him10. John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 11. _ is one thing, _ is quite another.A. To say, to do B. Say, do C. Said, did D. To say, do12. Ill try _ the same mistakes again.A. to not make B. not make C. not to make D. not making13. I
33、ts too hard _ it by himself.A. not to do B. to do C. that I do D. doing14. Its time for sports. Lets _bowling, shall we?A.go B.to go C.going D.goes15. Mr Zhou, youd better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight, said the doctor.A.not to eat B.to eat C.not eat D.eat（二）用动词的适当形式填空：1If you keep _(f
34、ight) with him, you may hurt yourself.2The students are busy _(prepare) for the coming exam.3His duty is _(save) the sick people.4 I have nothing _ (send) you.5 They were made _ (work) ten hours a day.6 No one knows what _ (do) next.【提高题】I. 选择题。1. The doctor came_ our eyes.A. to examine B. for exami
35、ningC. as to examine D. examining2. Our teacher always makes us _ hard.A. to work B. work C. working D. worked3. _ our classroom once a week is necessaryA. Cleaning B. Clean C. Cleaned D. To clean4. _ is our duty _ good service to customersA. That, to give B. This, giving C. It, to give D. It, givin
36、g5. It took years_ the highrise.A. for our building B. for us in buildingC. to build D. building6. Their wish is _ a house of their own.A. to have B. for having C. have D. of having7. The teacher agreed _ us_ the test papers home.A. to let, take B. to let, to take C. letting, take D. let, take8. Whe
37、n he saw I was in a hurry, he offered _ me his bicycle.A. lending B. lent C. to lend D. in lending9. I dont like_ people _about their neighbours.A. hear, talking B. to hear, talking C. to hear, to talk D. hearing, talked10. I havent decided _A. to take which train B. which to take a train C. which t
38、rain to take D. which train taken11. You must remember_ me a phone call as soon as you get there. A. giving B. to give C. gave D. give12. Professor Brown taught his students_ English, and he learned _Chinese from them.A. how to speak, speaking B. how to speak, to speakC. how speaking, speaking D. ho
39、w speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgot_ you that the party wouldnt be held tonight. Thats all right. Mary has told me about it.A. telling B. I told C. told D. to tell14. I wonder_ him or not.A. if invite B. whether to invite C to invite D. if to invite15. I hope_ yourself.A. you to manage B. for you t
40、o manageC. you managing D. that you can manage16. Would you like _you the way there? Its kind of you. Thank you.A. me showing B. that I showC. me show D. me to show17. The old man said that hed prefer alone in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. living B. to live C. that he live
41、s D. for him to live 18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her _ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to grow 19. Since nobody told her_, she came to our help.A. what she did B. to do what C. what to do D. what she to do20. My aunt showed me _.A. how to make a dress B. how a dress b
42、e made C. how making a dress D. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she tried_ more exercises_ .A. to find, to do B. finding, to do C. to find, she did D. finding, done22. The policeman told Smith _after drinking. A. to not drive B. not driving C. not drive D. not t
43、o drive 23. Tom kept quiet about his mistake_ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to24. Pat should love _ little Jim to the theatre this evening. A. to take B. taking C. that he would take D. for him to take 25. We enjoy _ very much, because it is good for our
44、health.A. run B. running C. to run D. ran26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_.A. turn it off B. to turn it offC. that I turned it off D. that I should turn it off27. They were very tired and stopped_ under a big tree.A. resting B. to restC. rest D. that they would rest28. Would you
45、 mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. telling C. to tell D. if telling29. He promised_ a doctor for my son.A. me to get B. that he got me C. me getting D. me that he got30. Father told the boy _the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he gave B. to give C. giving D. gave. 31._that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their days work.A. For getting
