1、、|!_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了 第一节 图表作文类型：曲线图 （line chart, graph ）饼状图 （pie chart）柱状图 （bar chart ）表格图 （table）应对方法： Summarize the general features/trends; Select important information; Compare and contrast data.图表作文基本结构首段：首句 this graph shows the number/proportion/ o
2、f (统计对象)in(地点) in(时间)第二句 有可能的话总结总体趋势/特征中间段落：顺次描述趋势，指出重要数据（极值点、相同点、始末点）末段：重申最重要的趋势/特征核心词汇表示变化趋势的词汇：1） 表示上升 2） 表示下降3） 表示不变 remain stable/steady; stay constant;4） 几个特殊点在附近波动：fluctuate (around)达到顶点（最大值）peak at; reach the highest point达到低谷（最小值）hit the lowest point表示变化幅度的词汇1） 幅度大 dramatically; sharply; co
3、nsiderably; substantially2） 幅度中等 moderately; steadily3） 幅度小 slightly; small; minimalTask 1 例题The table below shows three social and economic indicators of seven American countries for the year 1997.Country GDP per capita (USD)Adult illiteracy rate(%)Newspaper sales per 1000 peoplethe Bahamas 13000 4
4、.4 99Argentina 9100 3.6 123Brazil 4900 16.8 40Mexico 4300 10.5 97Surinam 3700 7.0 122Jamaica 2600 15.2 63Cuba 2100 4.4 118请对比以下两篇作文Sample Answer 1It can be seen from the table the Bahamas and Argentina had GDP of $13000 and $9100 per capita, respectively, and the adult illiteracy rates were 4.4% and
5、 3.6% in the two countries. Brazil and Mexico had GDP of $ 4900 and $ 4300 per capita, and their adult illiteracy rates are 16.8% and 10.5%. Surinam, Jamaica and Cuba had $3700, $2600, and $2100 respectively, with the adult illiteracy rate at 7.0%, 15.2% and 4.4%.Sample Answer 2We can see that GDP p
6、er capita varies substantially from 2100 USD in Cuba to 13000 USD in the Bahamas, with 5 of the 7 countries below 5000 USD per capita GDP.The illiteracy rates also differ considerably. The highest illiteracy rates are for Brazil (16.8%) and Jamaica (15.2%), whilst Argentina has the lowest rate, at 3
7、.6%. Mexico (10.5%) and Surinam (7%) lie in the middle. Surprisingly, the adult illiteracy rate for Cuba and the Bahamas is the same, at 4.4%.The bar chart below shows the marriage rates of people at the age of 25 in England from 1950 to 2000. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the
8、information shown below.Percent010203040506070801950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000for every 1000 unmarried men,there arefor every 1000 women,thereare注意：图表写作的客观性，只需要描述图表信息，而不能主观解释背后的原因或深层次含义，即 we are required to describe the information rather than explain it. 饼状图主要呈现各个部分占整体的比例（百分比）关系。例：The places where 2
9、50 teenagers get onlineinternet cafat friendshouseat schoolin the officeat home 45%5%30%10%10%如何表达上图信息“10% 的人在办公室上网”呢？核心词汇：表达“占”的 7 个核心词汇（短语）A takes up/ accounts for/forms/constitutes/comprises/occupies/ x% of the total.总结：饼状图模板开头段： This pie chart relates the percentage/proportion of 描述对象+地点+时间。主题段落
10、：According to the chart, it is obvious that the most(adj.) component is A, which accounts for m%(第一大值) of all. B is the next largest component /proportion/part, n% (第二大值) ，x% lower than A, and followed closely by C (p%). (如需要的话可以写第三大值) The above three items take up about a% (前三大值总和) of all By contra
11、st, D, E, F make up a small percentage of the total which are p%, q% and r% respectively. (列举出 2-3 个最小值)结尾段：总结最大值或不写结尾。柱状图总体思路：柱状图所呈现的数据特征要么是某一趋势变化，要么是某一整体内部数值或者比例的静态比较情况，要么两者兼有。分析方法如下：Step 1: 把相同属性柱子的顶端连起来观察所连柱子的特征，如果是某一趋势变化，采用曲线图的描述方式，若是某一数值或比例的静态比较，采用饼状图的方式；Step 2: 可能的话完成另一维度的分析考试中很多柱状图有两维信息特征，主要
12、体现在两个统计指标，只有完成另一维度分析，所有数据才会全面。柱状图文章结构一般如下：开头段：引入图表+ 可能的总体特征中间段落：Step 1: 分析所得数据写为一段Step 2: 分析所得数据写为另一段结尾段： 重述或补充说明总体特征 （或可以不写结尾段）高分表达法：1. 表示比较2. 表示倍数3. 表示概数核心句型翻译练习1. 美国纽约地铁站的人数从早上六点钟的大约 300 人上升为八点钟的 450 人。2. 亚洲不论在人口还是面积上都是最大的洲。1) The number of people increases steadily from approximately 300 at 6 a.
13、m. to 450 at 8 a.m.2) There is a steady increase in the number of people from approximately 300 at 6 a.m. to 450 at 8 a.m.3) There are increasingly more people at the subway station from 6 a.m. to 8 a.m.4) The time from 6 a.m. witnesses a steady increase in the number of people from about 300 to 450
14、.5) The subway station witnesses a steady increase in the number of people from approximately 300 at 6 a.m. to 450 at 8 a.m.6) A noticeable increase can be found in the number of people from approximately 300 at 6 a.m. to 450 at 8 a.m.7) The trend is a steady increase in the number of people from ap
15、proximately 300 at 6 a.m. to 450 at 8 a.m. 写作第二节审题练习：1. In some countries, young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. 2. The government should
16、 control the amount of violence in film and on television in order to decrease the number of violent crimes in society. To what extent do you agree with this opinion?3 Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather th
17、an understanding between peoples form different cultures. Do you agree or disagree?A. 国际旅行的利弊B. 国际旅行导致的是紧张冲突还是相互理解。 写作练习：Using a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children. Do you agree or disagree?开头：引入话题-明确表明倾向性观点+A中间：+A 分论点 1充分扩展 （因果/对比/举例）+A 分论点 2充分扩展 （因果/对
18、比/举例）分析评价反方观点或让步反方观点以平衡自我观点，防止绝对化末段：重申自己观点+补充说明注意：1. 分论点 1 和 2 要有充分的扩展；2. 需要反驳或是让步-A，以平衡自己的观点；该段位置灵活，可以放在中间第一个段落。根据下面给出的作文开头，完成作文：I tend to agree that young children can be negatively affected by too much time spent on the computer every day. This is partly because.开头段落练习：1. Many people consider tha
19、t the death penalty to be appropriate punishment in certain cases while others think that there is never a reason for it to be used. Do you agree or disagree?直接入题 常用句型：The issue of is a/an controversial/sensitive/emotional/ one. The problem/question of is not a new one.It is a hot-debated issue that
20、It is quite common these daysThere is much discussion these days aboutThere has long been a debate about 2. The overuse of modern technologies in recreational activities makes human beings less creative. Do you agree of disagree?3. People receive a lot of information from news reports presented by j
21、ournalists. However, some people claim that we cannot believe the news that we are presented with. What is your opinion on the issue? In addition, what qualities do you think journalists should have?直接入题可以对原题进行 具体化改写转折对比入题例题 1A report indicates that nowadays children are becoming more and more lazy,
22、 fat and unsociable. Discuss the reasons for this and give some proposal.提示：可以从正面写起，用虚拟语气。Sample: The social and economic development should have resulted in a happier and healthier life for children. However, recently increasingly more parents are concerning that children have become lazy, fat and
23、unsociable.开头段落练习参考答案:1. The issue of death penalty is an emotional one, with many people taking the attitude that it needs to be used both often and swiftly to deter crime. Others believe that in a so-called “civilized ” society, the death penalty is little more than barbarism.2. In recent years, t
24、here has been a debate about whether the use of modern technology increases or decreases peoples creativity. I believe modern technology has generally allowed people to become more creative. The reasons are as follows.3. Living in an information age, we are all too often overloaded with various news in the newspapers, on television and over the radio. But a large proportion of them prove to be forged or fabricated, such as the South China tiger scandal in 2007. so how much can we trust the news we presented with? And what qualities should the journalists have?
