1、动物科学技术学院2Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 1. Rabies All mammals may be infected with rabies. Since rabies virus is mainly present in central nervous system and saliva, and dogs have the closest relationship with humans, dogs are the most common source of transmission. The main
2、transmission of rabies is that when rabies-infected animals bite a person, rabies virus in their saliva can be transmitted to human.3Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 【 Symptoms】 Depression, hiding in the dark, abnormal behavior, disobeying orders, becoming particularly sensitiv
3、e to light and sound, dilated pupils, hyperreflexive function, heterotropia, dysphagia, increased saliva, weak hindquarters, etc. Then it starts to be excited, or excited and depressed alternately, with hoarse voice. Attack people and other animals, muscle shaking, convulsion. Finally， jerking and d
4、ie of organ failure。4Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious DiseasesSymptoms of rabies in human 5Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious DiseasesHow to deal with human being bitten by dog6Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 2. Canine distemper Canine distemper is caus
5、ed by canine distemper virus. This disease has a high mortality rate. Young dogs are more likely to die of the infection than older dogs. Biphasic fever. Firstly, depression, loss of appetite, watery/purulent nasal discharge7Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases After few days, the
6、condition suddenly improves and its body temperature and appetite are back to normal. However, persistent fever will occur after few days. Some symptoms are similar to respiratory infection and pneumonia. Dry nose. Watery or mushy and smelly feces, mixed with blood and mucus. Hardening of sole. Neur
7、ological symptoms like myoclonus and die of organ failure.8Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases It is difficult to treat canine distemper, which is mainly treated with hyperimmune serum or monoclonal antibody. We should pay attention to the immune prevention of canine distemper. Th
8、e prognosis of canine distemper with neurological symptoms is very poor.9Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 3.Infectious canine hepatitis Infectious canine hepatitis is a common infectious disease in dogs and is caused by canine adenovirus type 1. Mainly through the digestive tra
9、ct, licking infected dog secretion and feces. This disease can be infected by dogs at any time.【 Symptoms】 Peracute： Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and neurological symptoms, etc. Can die within a few hours. Acute： The symptoms is body temperature of 39.4-41 ,which are similar to those of cold. Other sy
10、mptoms include loss of appetite, increased thirst, vomiting with blood, coagulation disorder.10Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases During the recovery period, some dogs develop corneal opacity. Infected dogs may die within three days. The mortality ranges from 25%40%. subacute： Ph
11、aryngitis and laryngitis； mild fever； variation in appetite，constipation/diarrhea. Chronic： Pepatic failure, hepatic encephalopathy and emaciation. This disease is mainly prevented by vaccination. The main treatment include injecting canine hyperimmune serum, canine interferon and antibiotics.11Prev
12、ention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases4.Canine parvovirus diseaseCanine parvovirus disease is caused by canine parvovirus, which characterized was acute hemorrhagic enteritis and nonsuppurative myocarditis. 【 Symptoms】 Fever（ 40 41 ） Vomiting Diarrhea： yellow loose stools at first, follo
13、wed by brown or red stools. Dehydration, and even death of heart failure and acidosis in severe cases Puppies at the age of less than 3 months and die in a short time.12Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 【 Treatment】 When dogs begin vomiting, do not feed them, but give them intra
14、venous fluids to prevent dehydration. Improve acid-base disturbance and help them stop vomiting. Hyperimmune serum together with CPV McAb can be used for the treatment. The general course of treatment is about one week. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. there are effective atenuated v
15、accines which can be used.13Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases5.Leptospirosis Leptospirosis is an infectious disease that can affect both animals and humans. Incubation period 5-15 days. According to the pathogen, it can be divided into jaundice type and haemorrhagic type. There
16、is no obvious symptom at the earlier period of infection, so its hard to identify this disease at the beginning. As the disease progresses, the symptoms include weakness, vomiting, fever, loss of appetite, anemia,blood-tinged urine, jaundice and mucosal hemorrhages, Damage in stomach, intestine, liv
17、er and kidney.14Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 【 Symptoms】 1.Acute： Loss of appetite, vomiting, fever（ 39.5-40 ） , depression, stiffness and soreness in hindquarters and muscles, reluctance to move, difficulty breathing, bleeding disorders and jaundice in mucosa. Organ failur
18、e within two days, hypothermia and death. 2.Subacute： Fever, vomiting, loss of appetite, jaundice, mucosal necrosis, ocular purulent discharge,accompanied by coughing, asthma and dyspnea. These symptoms can disappear after 2 or 3 weeks. 3.Chronic： Mainly result from acute or subacute leptospirosis.
19、The symptoms include chronic hepatitis and nephritis, as well as gastrointestinal diseases.15Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 【 Treatment】 1.Penicillin has a good effect on this disease. 2.Targeted treatments can be used such as rehydration, sugar and alkali supplement. 【 Preve
20、ntion】 Injecting multivalent canine vaccine against leptospirosis. Immunization procedures and methods of this vaccine are similar to those of canine distemper vaccine. Regular deratization is needed. Mice are the hosts of the disease. You should prevent infected dogs to contact with other dogs, dis
21、infect the surroundings and isolate them from other animals.16Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 6.Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis is a worldwide zoonotic disease, and is widespread in livestock and wild animals. Toxoplasmosis is an infection caused by toxoplasma gondii or T. gondii.
22、 This parasite has its life cycle with two hosts. Cats are the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii. In small intestinal epithelial cells of cats, toxoplasma gondii undergoes fission and gametic reproduction to form oocysts, and these oocysts can be discharged with cat feces. When ocysts enter the e
23、xternal environment, they can develop into infective oocysts with two sporangia through spore propagation. Other animals are intermediate hosts of toxoplasma gondii.17Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases This parasite can live in many animals.More than 200 kinds of animals, includi
24、ng mammals, birds, fishes, reptiles and humans, can be the intermediate hosts of it. Cat can also be the intermediate hosts of it. In intermediate hosts, it can reproduce in the nucleated cells of all tissues and organs. By eating infective oocysts in cat feces tachyzoites with toxoplasma gondii, me
25、at of intermediate hosts, the exudation of excreta or milk, animals can be infected. Tachyzoites can spread through skin and mucous membrane and can also infect the fetus through the placenta.18Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases 【 Symptoms】 Most of toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic
26、recessive infection。The symptoms of toxoplasmosis include fever, coughing, anorexia, depression, weakness, ocular and nasal secretions, mucosal pallor, difficulty breathingand even severe hemorrhagic diarrhea. Some infected dogs have severe vomiting. Later, paralysis and other neurological symptoms
27、may occur. Infected pregnant dogs may suffer from miscarriage or premature delivery. The blood tests show that red and white blood cells decrease if acute toxoplasmosis are gotten. In chronic cases white blood cells increase, due to neutrophilia. Platelets decrease.19 【 Treatment】 Drugs like sulfani
28、lamide are useful to this disease 【 Prevention】 Do not feed dogs with raw meat. prevent dogs from preying on rats. Avoid cat feces polluting dog fodder and drinking water. Keep dogs away from cats during their pregnancy to prevent toxoplasmosis. Now there is no effective vaccine against toxoplasmosis.Prevention and Treatment of Common Infectious Diseases20Thank You
