1、1.We must do everything step by step.,MUST,2.You mustnt talk to her like that.,3. -Must we hand in our exercise-books now? -No, you neednt. / No, you dont have to.,1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。,Mustnt是“不许”、“决不能”的意思，不是“不必”。因此在例3中否定回答用neednt,Must & have to,2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。否定句往往用cant，因为mustnt是“不许”，“
2、决不能”的意思。,A）对现在发生的事情表示揣测。,1. He must be ill. He looks so pale.,他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。,否定：He cant be ill. He is so energetic.,他再肯定没病，瞧他那么精力充沛。,2. Carol must get very bored in her job. She does the same thing every day. 。,否定： Carol cant be very bored in her job. She does different things every day.,3. -Where is
3、 your father? -He must be playing Mahjong next door.,否定：He cant be playing the next door. I went there just now.,备注：对现在发生的情况推测有两种情形：一是用must+系动词be或其它状态动词如have, get, know等等。二是用must+动词的进行形式，这些动词往往是表动作的。同理，否定句也是如此。,比较：He must play Mahjong next door.他必须在隔壁打麻将。（命令）,He cant play the next door.他不能在隔壁打麻将。（阻止
4、）,对过去发生的事情表示揣测。,Ive lost one of my gloves. I must have dropped it somewhere.,否定：It rained every day during the holiday. So they cant （couldnt) have had a very nice time.,备注：与对现在发生的情况进行推测类似，对过去发生的事情表示否定的推测用cant have done ,而不是mustntt have done,1. Shes a really nice person. You must meet her.,她是个不错的人。（
5、我认为）你应该见见她。,2. I havent phoned Ann for ages. I must phone her tonight.,好长时间没有给Ann联系了，我今晚必须给她打个电话。,HAVE TO,must表示主观意志，而have 重在客观因素。但有时候must和have to 可以互换。,3. You cant turn right here. You have to turn left.,（交通规则不允许右转）,4. My eyesight isnt very good. I have to wear glasses for reading.,（不戴眼镜无法读书）,must基
6、本用于现在时，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间外，其它情况用“have to”。,I told her that she must give up smoking.,We had to get everything ready that night.,Have you ever had to go to hospital?,I might have to go to hospital.,翻译小练习：,1.在英国，孩子上学的时候一定得穿校服。,In Britain, children have to wear uniform when they go to school.,2. Paul 不喜欢
7、他的工作，因为有时候他周末必须加班。,Paul doesnt like his work because he has to work at weekends.,3. Julia 从小就不得不戴眼镜。(since),Julia has had to wear glasses since she was very young.,4. 这个人在事故中只受了一点小伤，没有必要上医院。,The man was slightly injured in the accident but he didnt have to go to hospital.,That restaurant must be ver
8、y good. Its always full of people.,6.下周你要去度假，你一定迫不及待。(look forward to),Youre going oh holiday next week. You must be looking forward to it.,5. 那个餐馆肯定不错，总是顾客盈门。,7. 你只花了半个小时就到了这儿，想必你走得挺快。,It took you half an hour to get here. You must have walked very fast.,8. 他们经常出去度假，他们肯定不缺钱。(short of),They go away
9、on holiday very often, so they cant be short of money.,备注：如果你不知道到底是该用must还是have to, 用have to往往稳妥些。,1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。语气没有must强烈。,You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。,You shouldnt waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。,should,2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。,The film should be very good as it is st
10、arring firstclass actors.,这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。,They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。,3) 表看法或建议,1. The government should do more to help homeless people.,2. Do you think I should apply for the job?,4）表期待,1. Shes been studying hard for the exam, so she should pass.,2. There are plenty of hotels
11、in the town. It shouldnt be difficult to find somewhere to stay.,5)用于suggest, propose, recommend, insist, demand等后面的宾语从句或相应名词后的名词从句中。,1.They insist that we should have dinner with them.,2. What do you suggest I should do?,3.What do you think of the Janes proposal that I should buy a car?,6) 表示责备,针对现
12、在发生的情况：,Those boys shouldnt be playing football at this time. They should be at school.,针对过去发生的情况：,It was a great party last night. You should have come.,Im feeling sick. I shouldnt have eaten so much chocolate.,比较：You look tired. You should go to bed now. (建议，事情还没有发生),You went to bed very late last
13、 night. You should have gone to bed earlier.（责备；建议，事情已经发生）,ought to,ought to 比较正式，除了口气比should重外，和should没有多大差别, 但不要用于虚拟语气。,1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做）。,You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。,You oughtnt to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。,2）表推测，暗含很大的可能。,Han Mei ought to know his telephon
14、e number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。,Theres a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。,Ought to的否定式为oughtnt; 疑问式为ought to。,翻译小练习：,1我想我们应该邀请Susan参加聚会。,I think we should （ought to）invite Susan to the party.,2. 你不应该相信报纸上你读到的一切。,You shouldnt (oughtnt) believe everything you read in the newspap
15、er.,3. 包装上的价格错了，应该是两美元。,The price on the packet is wrong. It should (ought to) be $2.,4. 你迟到了，你应该早来十分钟才对。,You are late. You should (ought to) have come ten minutes earlier.,5. 学生坚持要这位教师留下来。,The students insist that the teacher should stay,can (could),1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。,Two eyes can see more than o
16、ne.,Could the girl read before she went to school?？,2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。,The temperature can fall to 60, that is 60 below freezing.,He cant (couldnt) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。,You mustnt smoke while youre walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.,3）表示允许。,Can I have a lo
17、ok at your new pen?,He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.,4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。,Where can (could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？,He cant (couldnt) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。,How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？,They cant (couldnt) have finished the work so soon.他们
18、的工作不可能完成得那么快。,5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。,Can (Could) you lend me a hand?,Im afraid we couldnt give you an answer today.,can 与be able to,表示能力的时候两者差别不大，但“can”只有两种形式，因此很多时候需要用“be able to”。如：,I havent been able to sleep recently.,Tom might be able to come tomorrow.,下面的句子不宜用can (could),The fire spread through t
19、he building quickly but everybody was able (managed) to escape. “could”太笼统,在这种特定的条件下要用“be able to”,又例：They didnt want to come with us at first but we were able (managed) to persuade them.,但是，否定式可以用在各种场合：,We tried hard but we couldnt persuade them to come with us.,could (do) 和could have (done)。,I don
20、t know when theyll be here. They could arrive at any time.,Im so angry with him. I could kill him! (不能用can, 因为不是真心话）,The phone is ringing. It could be Tim.,备注：上面的could均不能用can。,could have done表达的是一种有可能已经，但并未发生的事情。,Im so tired. I could sleep for a week. (now),I was so tired. I could have slept for a w
21、eek. (past),比较,The situation was bad but it could have been worse.,翻译小练习：,1. 以前我可以弹奏很多乐器。(used to),I used to be able to play different musical instruments.,2. 我有的是时间，我可以等一辈子。,I have lots of time. I can wait all my life.,3. 打乒乓球我从来没能赢过她。,I havent been able to beat her in table tennis.,4. 我们本来可以去音乐会的，
22、但最后改变了主意。,We could have gone to the concert, but we changed our mind.,5警察说这场火灾决非偶然。,The police say the fire couldnt have been an accident.,may (might),1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。,You may take whatever you like.,He told me that I might smoke in the room.,May (Might) I ask for a photo of your ba
23、by?,2）表可能（事实上）。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。,He may be at home.,She may not know about it.,He was afraid they might not agree with him.,They might be having a meeting, but Im not sure.,may /might have (done),Kay didnt answer the phone, she may (might) have been asleep.,Sarah wasnt at the meeting.
24、She may (might) not have known about it.,Colin was in a bad mood yesterday. He may (might) not have been feeling well.,翻译小练习：,1老板不在办公室，他可能在打高尔夫球。,The boss isnt in the office. He might be playing golf.,2. 刚才走过去的人可能是你的叔叔。,The man who passed by might have been your uncle.,3. 警方说这场火灾不太可能是偶然事件。,The polic
25、e say the fire might not have been an accident.,4. 我的雨伞找不到了，可能落在车里了。,I cant find my umbrella. It may (might) be in my car.,Needdare,1.用作情态动词,-Need I come? -Yes, you must.,-You neednt telephone him now.,I dont think you need worry. She dare not go out alone at night.,How dare you say Im unfair?,Not o
26、ne of them dared mention this.,2.用作实义动词,You dont need to do it yourself.,We need to tell them the news.,The table needs painting (to be painted.).,Dare作为情态动词，有时态变化，但无人称变化。,We should dare to give our own opinion.,He did not dare to look up.,neednt have (done)：,He neednt have worried about it.,It didn
27、t rain. Tim neednt have brought the umbrella with him.,比较：,That shirt isnt dirty. You neednt wash it.,Why did you wash that shirt? It wasnt dirty. You neednt have washed it.,翻译小练习：,1我们家里有足够的食物，不需要买什么了。,We have enough food at home so we neednt go shopping now.,2你前日没必要把车卖掉，没钱你可以找我借嘛。,You neednt have s
28、old you car. You might have come to me for money.,3我们都知道她错了，但没有一个人敢跟她说。,We all knew she was wrong, but none of us dared to tell her.,4. 你怎么敢这么跟我说话。,How dare you speak to me in such a away.,1. I was really anxious about you. You_home without a word. A.mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C.wouldnt have
29、 left D. neednt leave,高考例证,2. One ought_for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punished C. to not punished D. not be punished,3. Michal _be a policeman, for he is much too short. A. neednt B. cant C. should D. may,4. Sir, you_be sitting in the waiting room. It is for children an
30、d women only. A. oughtnt to B. cant C. wont D. neednt,5. Are you coming to Jeffs party? Im not sure. I_go to the concert instead. A. must B. would C. should D. might,6. There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. It _a comfortable journey. A.cant be B. shouldnt be
31、C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,7. There was plenty of time. She_. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have C must hurry D. neednt have hurried,8. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her.Had to write it out B. must have written it outC should have written it out D. ought to wri
32、te it out,9. May I pick a flower in the garden? No,_. A. you neednt B. Not please C. you mustnt D. you wont,10. Could I call you by your first name? Yes,you_. A. will B. could C. may D. might,情态动词选择题练习,1. I _ you, because I thought I must be wrong.A. dare not ask B. dare not to ask C. dare not askin
33、g D. dare to not ask,2. There _ some flowers in the garden.A. were used to be B. used to be C. would be D. might have,3. “_ I take it out?” “Im sorry, you _.”A. Could couldnt B. Mightmight notC. Couldcan D. Maycant,4. You were stupid to climb the tree. You _ hurt yourself. A. may B. might C. will D.
34、 might have,5. You _ those letters. Why didnt you ? A. should post B. should have posted C. must have posted D. ought to post.,6. All the lights are on, the Smiths _ up. A. must get B. is getting C. must be getting D. would get,7. He _ lead a horse to the water but he _ not make it drink. A. willcan
35、 B. maycan C. maydares D. darecan,8. -“Need we do this job now?” - “Yes, _.” A. you need B. you should C. you must D. you can,9. _ lunch with us today? A. Do you like having B. Would you like to have C. Will you like D. Should you like to have,10. He said that you _ watch TV all the evening if you w
36、ished. A. may B. must C. can D. might,11. Is John coming by train? -He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car. A. must B. can C. need D. may,12. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. can C. may D. will,13. Michael _ be a policeman, for hes much too short. A. nee
37、dnt B. cant C. shouldnt D. wont,14. I thought you _ be hungry, so I have brought you some cakes. A. may B. might C. can D. could,15. I wonder how he _ that to the teacher. A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say,16. Come on! We _ hurry because there isnt much time left. A. may B.
38、must C. can D. need,17. Amy did best in the English test. She _ hard last week. A. must have worked B. should have worked C. should work D. must work,18. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to,19. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed,20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack _ be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can,
