1、Group UN: Compoundsof unknown or uncertainmode of action12C Propargite12D Tetradifon12BOrganotin miticidesDiafenthiuronAzocyclotinCyhexatinFenbutatin oxide Propargite Tetradifon12A DiafenthiuronBensultap ThiocyclamThiosultap-sodiumCartaphydrochlorideChlorfenapyrDNOC14 NereistoxinanaloguesAmitrazHydr
2、amethylnon20A Hydramethylnon 20B AcequinocylAcequinocyl20C FluacrypyrimFluacrypyrimFenazaquinFenpyroximatePyrimidifenPyridabenTebufenpyradTolfenpyradRotenone21A METI acaricides and insecticides21B RotenoneIndoxacarbMetaflumizone22AOxadiazines22BSemicarbazones23 Tetronic& Tetramicacid derivativesSpir
3、odiclofenSpiromesifen24APhosphidesAluminiumphosphide24B CyanidesCyanidesaltsCalciumphosphideZincphosphidePhosphineAlPAzadirachtinDicofolBromopropylateBenzoximateSpirotetramat 19AmitrazChlorantraniliproleR=ClCyantraniliprole R=CNSOOIONHNHCF3CF3FlubendiamideGroup 1: Microbial disruptorsof insect midgu
4、t membranesGroup 12: Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthaseGroup 13: Uncouplers of oxidative phos-phorylation via disruption of proton gradientGroup 14: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel blockersGroup 19: Octopaminereceptor agonistsGroup 20: Mitochondrial complex II electron transpo
5、rt inhibitorsGroup 21: Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors Group 2: Voltage-dependentsodium channel blockersGroup 23: Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase Group 24: Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitorsCyenopyrafen25A beta-Ketonitrile derivativesSulfluramidCyflumet
6、ofen11A Bacilus thuringiensisBacilus thuringiensisand the insecticidal proteins producedB.t. israelnsis, B.t. aitzawai, B.t. kurstaki, B.t. tenebrionisBt crop proteins *Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1Fa, Cry1A.105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry 3Bb, Cry34Ab1/Cry35Ab1Bacilus sphaericusIncludes transgenic c
7、rops expresing Bacilus thuringiensistoxins (however, specific guidance for resistance management of transgenic crops is not based on rotation of modes of action)11BBacilus sphaericusDiferent B.t. products that target different insect orders may be usedtogether without compromising their resistance m
8、anagement. Rotation between certain specific B.t. microbial products mayprovide resistance management benefits for some pests. Consultproduct-specific recomendations.* Where there are differences among the specific receptors within themidgutsof target insects, transgenic crops containing certain com
9、binationsof these proteins provide resistance management benefits.Poster Edition 7, August2019. Based on the MoA Classification Version 9Ca3P2 PH3Zn3P2 CN-3OHOlSN333H3FOH2HSPyflubumide25B Carboxanilides13Pyrroles,Dinitrophenols,SulfluramidBifenazateH20D BifenazateFlonicamid29 Flonicamid28 Diamides10
10、AClofentezine, Diflovidazin,Hexythiazox10BEtoxazoleClofentezineEtoxazoleGroup 10: Mite growth inhibitorsaffecting CHS1 PymetrozinePyrifluquinazonDiflovidazin9B PyridineazomethinederivativesGroup 9: Chordotonalorgan TRPV channel modulatorsGroup 25: Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibito
11、rsGroup 28: Ryanodine receptor modulators29: Chordotonal organ modulators undefined target siteChinomethionatSPyridalylOOONClClCF3ClClS CaSX(Lime sulfur)SulfursHexythiazox8A Alkyl halides8BChloropicrin8CFluoridesChloropicrinMethyl bromide Tartar emeticBorax8DBorates8ETartar emeticCryoliteNa2B4O710H2
12、O8F MethylisothiocyanategeneratorsDazometSulfurylfluorideMetamGroup 8: Miscelaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitorsAfidopyropen9D Pyropenes15 BenzoylureasFlufenoxuronLufenuronTeflubenzuronDiflubenzuronGroup 15: Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis afecting CHS1)Cyclaniliprole30 GABA-gated chloride
13、 channel alosteric modulatorsBroflanilide Fluxametamide31 BaculovirusesCydiapomonellaGVThaumatotibialeucotretaGVAnticarsia gematalis MNPVHelicoverpa armigera NPV32 Nicotinic AcetylcholineReceptor (nAChR)Allosteric Modulators -Site IGS-omega/kapaHXTX-Hv1apeptideUNFFungal agents ofunknown or uncertain
14、MoAUNMNon-specific mechanical disruptorsUNBBacterial agents (non-Bt) of unknown or uncertain MoAUNEBotanical esence including synthetic, extracts and unrefined oils with unknown or uncertain MoABeauveriabassianastrainsMetarhiziumanisopliaestrain F52,PaecilomycesfumosoroseusApopka strain 97Diatomaceo
15、us earthBurkholderiaspp,Wolbachia pipientis(Zap)Chenopodium ambrosioidesnear ambrosioidesextractFaty acid monoesters with glycerol or propanediolNeem oilMancozebUseofGroupsandSub-Groups:Alternations,sequencesorrotationsofcompoundsbetweenMoAgroupsreduceselectionfortargetsiteresistance.Aplicationsarea
16、rrangedintoMoAspraywindowsdefinedbycropgrowthstageandpestbiology.Severalspraysofacompoundmaybepossiblewithineachspraywindow,butsuccessivegenerationsofapestshouldnotbetreatedwithcompoundsfromthesameMoAgroup.Localexpertadviceshouldalwaysbefolowedwithregardtospraywindowsandtiming.Groupsintheclassificat
17、ionwhosemembersdonotactatacomontargetsiteareexemptfromtheproscriptionagainstrotationwithinthegroup.Theseare,Group8,Group13andalltheUNgroups:UN,UNB,UNE,UNF,UNM,UNP&UNV.Sub-groupsrepresentdistinctstructuralclasseswhicharebelievedtohavethesamemodeofaction.Sub-groupsprovidediferentiationbetweencompounds
18、thatmaybindatthesametargetsitebutarestructuralydiferentenoughthatriskofmetaboliccross-resistanceislowerthanforclosechemicalanalogs.Cross-resistance potential betwen sub-groups is higher than betwen groups, so rotation betwen sub-groups should be considered only when there are no alternatives, and on
19、ly if cross-resistance does not exist, foloing consultation with local expert advice. These exceptions are not sustainable, and alternative options should be sought.Sub-group 3B: DT is no longer used in agriculture and therefore this is only aplicable for the control of insect vectors of human disea
20、se, such as mosquitoes, because of a lack of alternatives.Sub-group10A:Hexythiazoxisgroupedwithclofentezinebecausetheyexhibitcross-resistanceeventhoughtheyarestructuralydistinct.Diflovidazinhasbeenaddedtothisgroupbecauseitisacloseanalogueofclofentezineandisexpectedtohavethesamemodeofaction.3A Pyreth
21、roids PyrethrinsDeltamethrinlambda-cyhalothrinBifenthrinalpha-cypermethrinEsfenvalerateTefluthrinEtofenproxPermethrinDDTMethoxychlor3B DT,Methoxychlor4ANeonicotinoidsAcetamipridClothianidinDinotefuranImidaclopridNitenpyramThiaclopridThiamethoxam4BNicotineNicotine5 SpinosynsSpinetoram6 Avermectins& M
22、ilbemycinsGroup 3: Sodium chanel modulators (Only major representatives of group 3A are shown)Group 4: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulators Group 6: Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators major component R2 = Ethylminor component R2 = Methyl 4CSulfo
23、ximinesSulfoxaflorGroup 5: Nicotinic acetylcholinereceptor (nAChR) allosteric modulatorssite I SpinosadFlupyradifurone4DButenolidesmajor component R = Ethylminor component R = Methyl OHMilbemectinLepimectinAbamectin R1 =Emamectinbenzoate R1 =major component R = Hinor coponent R = CH3major component
24、R = H, 5,6 singleminor component R = CH3, 5,6 double1BOrganophosphatesChlorpyrifosDimethoateProfenofosAcephateFenitrothionTriazophos1ACarbamatesMethomylAldicarbCarbofuranCarbarylThiodicarbOxamylMethiocarbGroup 1: Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors (Only major representatives of the groups are sh
25、own)MalathionMethamidophosPirimicarb4EMesoionicsTriflumezopyrimGranuloviruses& NucleopolyhedrovirusesMeta-diamides & Isoxazolines2B Phenylpyrazoles (Fiproles)2A CyclodieneOrganochlorinesChlordaneEndosulfanFipronilEthiproleGroup 2: GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists7A Juvenile hormone analogues7
26、B Fenoxycarb7C PyriproxyfenKinopreneR1 = propargyl, R2 = HHydropreneR1 = ethyl, R2 = HMethopreneR1 = isopropyl, R2 OCH3Fenoxycarb PyriproxyfenGroup 7: Juvenile hormone mimicsIRAC document protected by CopyrightInsecticide Resistance Action ComitteMode of Action ClasificationNerve & Muscle Growth & D
27、evelopment Respiration Midgut Unknown or Non-specific Key to Targeted Physiology(Only major representatives of group are shown)ChromafenozideHalofenozideTebufenozide18 DiacylhydrazinesGroup 18: Ecdysone receptor agonistsBuprofezinCyromazine16 Buprofezin17 CyromazineGroup 17: Moulting disruptors, Dip
28、teranGroup 16: Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1MethoxyfenozideNovaluronPoster Notes:Groups 26 and 27 are unasigned.The poster is for educational purposes only. Information presented is acurate to the best of our knowledge at the time of publication, but IRAC or its member companies cannot a
29、ccept responsibility for how this information is used or interpreted. Advice should always be sought from local experts or advisors, and health and safety recommendations followed.In some cases only representative compounds in Groups are shown where indicated.Please visit www.irac-online.orgfor the complete IRAC clasification.TetraniliproleSpiropidion
