1、bear (v.)1)(在否定句或疑问句中与can/could连用) 承受；忍受He cant bear to be laughed at/bear being laughed at.他不能容忍被别人取笑。2)承担责任We will bear all the expenses.我们将承担所有的费用。3)支撑；承受(重量)The ice is too thin to bear your weight.冰太薄了，经不起你的重量。,【词语辨析】bear, stand, endure, tolerate这些动词均含“忍受”之意。1)bear口语用词，常可与stand换用，强调“容忍”。She coul
2、d not bear seeing the children hungry.她不忍看到孩子们挨饿。2)stand口语用词，常可与bear换用，侧重指“经受得起”。I cant stand the sight of blood.我一看见血就难受。,3)endure书面用词，指长时间忍受痛苦和不幸，着重体力或意志力的坚强不屈服。The pain was almost too great to endure.这种痛苦几乎让人难以忍受。,【知识运用】(1)(2010年4月济南市高三模拟考试) What the young man cant_is that his mum always treats h
3、im like a baby.AsupportBundertake Chold Dbear答案：D本题题意：令那个小伙子不能忍受的是他妈妈总把他当作一个小婴孩。bear表示“忍受； 忍耐； 承受”。,(2)The pain was almost more than he could_.Aresist BtolerateCbear Dsupport答案：C本题题意：这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。bear与can/could连用，表示“承受；忍受”。,(3)(2006北京35) I cant stand_with Jane in the same office. She just refuses_ta
4、lking while she works.Aworking; stopping Bto work; stoppingCworking; to stop Dto work; to stop答案：C本题题意：我无法忍受和简在同一个办公室内工作。她在工作时总是说个不停。cant stand doing sth表示“不能容忍做某事”；例如：She cant stand being kept waiting. 叫她等着，她会受不了。refuse to do sth表示“拒绝做某事”；例如：She refused to accept that there was a problem. 她拒不承认有问题存
5、在。,过去分词担任定语、表语或宾语补足语.定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。过去分词作定语分为前置和后置两种情况。 1前置定语单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。由及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或只具有“被动”含义；由不及物动词转化而来的过去分词作定语，只表“完成”含义。,1)被动和完成含义：We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。2)被动含义：She is a respected teacher.她是一位受人尊敬的老师
6、。3)完成含义：They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard.他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。,2后置定语过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在所修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kind ever written (that has ever been written)这将是这类小说中写得最好的。Who were the socalled guests invited (who had been invited) to your party last night?昨晚被邀请参加
7、你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？Yesterday I bought a book published by Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.昨天我买了一本外语教学与研究出版社出版的书。,【知识拓展1】1)过去分词如果表示一种强烈的动作含义，单独使用也可以放在名词的后面。The experience gained will be of great value to us.取得的经验对我们很有价值。By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to 92 millio
8、n dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.到年底为止，筹集到的全部资金达到了9,200多万元，所有这些钱全都送往非洲了。,2)由过去分词构成的合成词也可作定语。The airconditioned rooms are very comfortable in hot summer.在炎热的夏天，装空调的房间非常舒服。The newlybuilt building is our office building.这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。3)过去分词作定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的词之后)和非限制性(用逗号与其所修饰的词分开)两种，其作用相当于限制
9、性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。The funds (which/that have been) raised are mainly used for helping the homeless.筹集的资金主要用于帮助那些无家可归者。,This book, (which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read.这本书是使用浅显的英文写的，适合初学者阅读。The concert (which/that was) given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功
10、。 The meeting, (which was) attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。,4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。He spoke with a frightened look.他说话时显得非常恐惧。,【知识拓展2】1动名词作定语，说明所修饰的名词的用
11、途。No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.阅览室里不准大声说话。There is a swimming pool in our school.我们学校有一个游泳池。2现在分词作定语，通常放在所修饰的名词前面；现在分词短语则放在所修饰的名词后面， 其作用相当于一个定语从句。He is a promising young man.他是一个很有培养前途的青年。,Do you know the woman(who is)sitting at the end of the room?你认识坐在房间后面的那位妇女吗？We must kee
12、p a secret of the things (which/that are) being discussed now.对于现在所讨论的事情，我们必须保守秘密。,3不定式作定语，位于所修饰的词后，通常表示将来发生的动作。当名词前有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，只能采用不定式作后置定语。此外，作定语的不定式与所修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的“主谓”、“动宾”或“同位”三种关系。如果作定语的不定式为不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。 Our monitor is the first to arrive.我们的班长是第一个到达的人。(主谓关系)The question to be discussed a
13、t tomorrows meeting is of very importance.明天会议上将要讨论的问题非常重要。(动宾关系),I have a lot of work to do.我有许多事要做。(动宾关系)Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们吃惊。(同位关系)They have no happiness to speak of.他们没有什么幸福可言。,.表语过去分词作表语，通常表示主语所处的一种状态。His colleagues were surprised at his absurd
14、behaviour.同事们对他那荒诞的行为感到吃惊。The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。 The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。,【知识拓展】1动名词作表语， 解释或说明主语的内容。此时，主语与表语位置通常可以互换。Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.我们的职责是全心全意地为人民服务。What they are worried about is being left b
15、ehind.他们所担心的是别被落在后面。,2现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质，特征或属性；此时，现在分词与主语(往往是物)构成逻辑上的主谓关系，译作“令/使人的”。The news was exciting and we were all excited.消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。He remained standing beside the table.他依然站在桌旁。,3不定式作表语，一般紧跟在系动词be, seem, remain, appear, get的后面，用来说明或解释主语的内容。当主语为名词dream, business, wish, idea, plan, job, work
16、, task, duty时，表语通常采用不定式，不用动名词。此时，不定式通常强调具体某次动作以及将来要发生的动作。The aim is not just to keep busy.其目的不仅是为了使每个人不闲着。He appears to want to leave.他看来要走。,.宾语补足语过去分词作补语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。1表示感觉或心理状态的动词(see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等)I have never heard the song sung in my sc
17、hool.我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。He watched the TV set carried out of the room.他看到电视机被搬到屋子外面了。,2表示“使役”意义的动词(have, make, get, keep, leave等)：I had my leg broken in the football game.我的腿在足球赛中摔坏了。The reporters keep us informed of the results of the games.记者不断地告知我们比赛结果。,3表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词(like, order, want, wish, exp
18、ect等后用过去分词或在过去分词前to be)：Everyone wishes the matter(to be) settled as soon as possible.人人都希望这件事情尽快解决。I want my house(to be)completed before the national day.我想让我的房子在国庆节前完工。,【知识拓展】1现在分词作补足语由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。I heard her singing when I passed by her room.我路过她房间时，
19、听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)I found the topic being discussed everywhere then.那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的承受者),Are you listening to them quarrelling?你在听他们吵架吗？(动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)His remarks set me thinking.他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者)The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们轰得东奔西逃. (
20、动作正在进行，宾语是动作的发出者),2不定式作补语1)不定式作补语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。Did you notice him leave the house?你看到他离开房间了吗？I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。2)某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有：call on, rely on, depend on, wait for, long for, vote for等。You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。,We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望
21、着假日的到来。3)动词think, consider, believe, find, feel, know, guess, prove, suppose, imagine等词后面，常接“to be形容词(名词或反身代词)”结构。Hes thought to be one of the richest men in Europe.人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱， 又有名的情况。,语法专练1(2010全国127) Mrs. White showed her students some old maps_
22、from the library.Ato borrow Bto be borrowed Cborrowed Dborrowing答案：C本题题意：怀特夫人向学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。过去分词短语borrowed from the library担任后置定语，修饰名词some old maps，相当于定语从句which/that were borrowed from the library，表示时间概念上的“完成”以及逻辑关系上的“被动”。,2(2010北京25) Im calling to enquire about the position_in yesterdays China
23、 Daily.Aadvertised Bto be advertisedCadvertising Dhaving advertised 答案：A本题题意：我打电话咨询一下昨天的中国日报上所刊登的职位信息。本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，相当于定语从句that/which was advertised in yesterdays China Daily，表示逻辑关系上的“被动”以及时间概念上的“完成”。,3(2010福建34) In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained_abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Ast
24、icking Bstuck Cto be stuck Dto have stuck答案：B本题题意：四月，成千上万的休假者由于火山灰云的缘故而滞留国外。remain用作系动词，表示“仍然是；保持不变”，后接过去分词，形容词或介词短语等作表语，表示主语所处的状态。stuck作为形容词，表示“陷(入)；困(于)”。,4(2010湖南30) So far nobody has claimed the money_in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discovered Cdiscovering Dhaving discovered答案：A本题题意：迄今为止，还没有人来
25、认领在图书馆所发现的钱。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that was discovered in the library.,5(2010辽宁35)Alexander tried to get his work _in the medical circles.Ato recognize Brecognizing Crecognize Drecognized答案：D本题题意：亚历山大试图让自己的著作得到医学界的认可。使役动词get后接过去分词短语担任宾语补足语，表示宾语his work与动作recognize之间存在逻辑上的“动宾”关系。,6(2010四川4) A
26、great number of students_said they were forced to practise the piano.Ato question Bto be questioned Cquestioned Dquestioning答案：C本题题意：接受询问的许多学生说他们被父母逼着练钢琴。本题考查过去分词担任后置定语，相当于定语从句who were questioned.,7(2010上海秋33) Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues_with her stories.Aamused B
27、amusing Cto amuse Dto be amused答案：A本题题意：露西很有幽默感，总是讲故事逗同事开心。keep sb amused 表示“逗乐；让某人开心”。例如：Playing with water can keep children amused for hours. 嬉水能让孩子们开开心心玩好几个小时。,8(2009北京24)For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit_on his own farm.Agrown Bbeing grownCto be grown Dto grow答案：A本题题意：至于早餐，他只饮
28、用从他自己的农场里种植的新鲜水果里所榨取的果汁。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is grown on his own farm.,9(2009上海33)With the governments aid, those_by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.Aaffect Baffecting Caffected Dwere affected答案：C本题题意：在政府的帮助下，那些遭受地震影响的人们已经搬迁到了新的定居点。本题考查过去分词短语担任后置定语，相当于定语从句who have been
29、 affected by the earthquake.,10(2009四川4) Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _until the plane has come to a complete stop.Aseated Bseating Cto seat Dseat答案：A本题题意：女士们，先生们，飞机完全停止以前请不要离座。动词seat以及 hide, dress, marry等动词常常采用过去分词形式与系动词连用，表示一个主动的动作。例如： The boy was hidden behind the tree. 那个男孩藏在了树后面。,11(2008
30、福建33)Can those_at the back of the classroom hear me?No problem.Aseat BsitCseated Dsat答案：C本题题意：“坐在教室后面的人能听到我的声音吗？”“没问题。”本题考查过去分词短语担任定语，相当于定语从句who were seated at the back of the classroom. 注意：be seated表示“坐下；坐着”，在句中担任后置定语时，其前不加being.,12(2008浙江13) It is one of the funniest things_on the Internet so far
31、this year.Afinding Bbeing found Cto find Dfound答案：D本题题意：这是本年度迄今为止在网络上所发现的最有趣的事情之一。本题考查过去分词担任定语，相当于定语从句that have been found on the Internet so far this year.,13(2008湖南26) The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road.Abeing blown down Bblown down Cblowing down Dto blow down答案：B本题题意：被暴风雨吹倒的树木已经被
32、拖离了路面。本题考查过去分词(短语)在句中担任后置定语，修饰名词the trees，相当于定语从句which/that was blown down in the storm.,14(2008辽宁31) Please remain_； the winner of the prize will be announced soon.Aseating Bseated Cto seat Dto be seated答案：B本题题意：请就座，获奖者名单很快就会宣布。注意：部分过去分词因来源于系表结构，作表语或状语时不表示 “被动关系”， 而是表示主动含义。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：lost(陷入某种状
33、态)；seated(坐)；hidden(躲藏)；stationed(驻扎)；lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)；dressed in(穿着)；tired of(厌烦)等。,15(2008江苏34) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English_as much as we can.Aspeak BspeakingCspoken Dto speak答案：C本题题意：为了学好英语，我们应该发现机会，尽可能多地去倾听英语会话。动作speak与名词English之间存在逻辑上的“动宾关系”，所以采用过去分词
34、担任动词hear的补足语。,16(2008上海春38) Throughout history, the language_by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.Aspeaking Bspoken Cto speak Dto be spoken答案：B本题题意：在历史上，强大的群体所使用的语言贯穿人类文明。本题考查过去分词(短语)担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that is spoken by a powerful group.,17(2007上海36) The Town Hall_in the 1800s was the
35、most distinguished building at that time.Ato be completedBhaving been completedCcompletedDbeing completed答案：C本题题意：19世纪竣工的市政厅是当时最著名的建筑。本题考查过去分词短语担任定语，相当于定语从句which was completed in the 1800s，表示一个已经完成的被动动作。注意，现在分词的完成式在句中只能担任状语。,18(2007湖南34) “Things_never come again！” I couldnt help talking to myself.Al
36、ost BlosingCto lose Dhave lost答案：A本题题意：“失去的东西永不再来！”，我不禁自言自语道。过去分词lost担任后置定语，相当于定语从句which/that have been lost.,19(2007江苏30) He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them_in his lectures.Ainterested BinterestingCinterest Dto interest答案：A本题题意：他深受学生们的欢迎，因为他总是力求使他们对自己的授课感兴趣。make s
37、b interested in sth表示“让对感兴趣”。表示“人”所处的状态，采用过去分词(短语)。,20(2007上海春39) She wants her paintings_in the gallery, but we don t think they would be very popular.Adisplay Bto displayCdisplaying Ddisplayed答案：D本题题意：她希望自己的油画作品能在画廊中展览，但我们认为这些绘画可能不会有人喜欢。want sth(to be)done表示“希望某事被”。,21(2006山东29) Five people won th
38、e “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title_to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection.Abeing given Bis givenCgiven Dwas given答案：C本题题意：五个人荣获“中国绿色大使”称号，此称号授予那些为环境保护做出贡献的普通老百姓。本题考查过去分词(短语)作定语，转化为定语从句为：which/that is given to ordinary people.注意，在本考题中，担任后置定语的过去分词(短语)只表示逻辑上的动宾关系，并不表
39、示“时间概念”。,22(2006天津7) A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_.Aunsatisfied BunsatisfyingCto be unsatisfying Dbeing unsatisfied答案：A本题题意：一个好故事未必有一个美满的结局，但是一定不能令读者感觉不满意。本题考查“leave名词/代词宾语补足语”结构。采用过去分词unsatisfied表示名词the reader所处的一种状态。此外，unsatisfied译作
40、“不满意的，未得到满足的”。,23(2006北京28) There have been several new events_to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.Aadd Bto addCadding Dadded答案：D本题题意：2008年北京奥运会新添了几个比赛项目。过去分词短语added to在句中作定语，修饰名词new events. 相当于定语从句which have been added to the program.,24(2006上海春39) In the dream Peter saw himself_by a
41、fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.Achased Bto be chasedCbe chased Dhaving been chased,答案：A本题题意：彼得梦到自己被一只饿狼所追逐，突然间从梦中惊醒了。本题考查过去分词作宾语补足语。在“see名词/代词补足语”句式中，动作chase与himself之间在逻辑上构成动宾关系，宾语提前，采用过去分词。注意：在hear, listen to, see, notice, watch, feel等动词后面，采用现在分词作补语，通常表示动作正在发生；采用省略to的不定式表示动作的全过程；现在分词的完成式在句中只能担任状语(动名词的完成式则担任介词或及物动词的宾语)。,25(2004重庆30)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_.Aworried Bto worryCworrying Dworry答案：A本题题意：因年幼子女的违法行为而惩罚父母的法律使父母们忧心忡忡。过去分词worried作补语，表示宾语所处的一种状态。,
