1、Before the class,I want you to be engaged in the material. I want you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing in class.,Not necessarily thinking about getting down every word that I say. Id like you to take active notes rather than passive notes. Write down what can make you feel or l
2、earn something.,Better attention, better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged.,Better attention, better understanding of the material if you are actively engaged.,I want you to be engaged in the material. I want you to be engaged in whatever it is that we are discussing in class
3、.,Not necessarily thinking about getting down every word that I say. Id like you to take active notes rather than passive notes. Write down what can make you feel or learn something.,Unit 2 Reading,SAILING THE OCEANS,Words and expressions review,latitudevoyagemercyat the mercy ofencyclopediaalongsid
4、eexplorationminimum,n. 纬度n. 航海; 航行n. 仁慈; 宽恕; 怜悯 受支配n. 百科全书prep. 靠着; 沿着adv. 在旁边; 沿着边n. 探险; 探测adj. 最小的; 最低的,Words review,celestialpoleequatorhorizonoverheadseaweednowhere offshore,adj. 天上的n. 地极; 柱; 杆n. 赤道n. 地平线; 视野 adj. 在头上的adv. 在头顶上; 在空中; 在高处n. 海草; 海藻adv. 无处adj. 离岸的; 海面上的,outwardtidesecureknotlognaut
5、icalnautical milemagneticrandom,adj. 外面的; 向外的adv. 向外; 在外n. 潮; 潮汐; 潮流; 趋势 adj. 安全的; 可靠的n. 结 v. 打结n. 原木; 木材adj. 海上的; 航海的海里adj. 磁的; 有磁性的adj. 任意的; 随便的,Words and expressions review,awkwardreference precise simplify portable shortcoming updatedtendency reliable,adj. 难使用的; 笨拙的n. 参考adj. 精确的; 准确的vt. 单一化; 简单化
6、adj. 轻便的; 手提的; 便携的n. 缺点; 短处vt. 更新n. 趋向; 倾向adj. 可靠的; 可信赖的,Words review,Skimming to get general ideas,Skimming,Reading Comprehension I,Read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.,Which is fit to describe this passage? It is a _.A. narration (记叙文) B. exposition (说明文) C. prose (散文) D. poem,From
7、 the reading passage we have learned _.A. why early seamen wanted to sail the seven seasB. that there is useful information in an encyclopediaC. that early sailors went exploring the sea using their skills and simple instrumentsD. why latitude and longitude are important to plot a ships position,Car
8、eful reading to solve difficult points,at the mercy ofwithout any protection against; helpless before 任由摆布；在面前无助They were lost at sea, at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失了方向，任凭风和天气的摆布。I dont like to be at the mercy of such a man.我不愿受这样一个人的摆布。,have mercy on / show mercy to 对表示怜悯The terrorists sh
9、owed no mercy to the hostages.恐怖分子对人质残酷无情。without mercy 毫不留情地The mother left the dying baby in the hospital without mercy.那位母亲狠心地把垂死的婴儿丢弃在医院。,Its a mercy (that) (口)幸运的是，幸亏(用于表示更遭的情况得以避免总算是幸运)Its a mercy the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。Its a mercy she wasnt seriously hurt.幸
10、运的是她伤势不重。,even though 用作连词，意为“尽管，即使”，引导让步状语从句。高考示例There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, _ she was an only child. (2005辽宁)A. ever since B. now thatC. even though D. even as,even though “尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。 ever since “自从以来”，常和完成时态连用；now that “既然，由于”；even as “正当，恰恰在的时候”。,拓展 even though 和even
11、so 的区别：even though = even if 用作连词，引导让步状语从句；even so 用作副词，意思是“尽管这样/那样，即便如此”。高考示例 Your uncle seems to be a good driver; _, I wouldnt dare to travel in his car. (2005江西)A. even soB. even thoughC. thereforeD. so,reference n. 提及, 涉及, 参考, 参考书目, 证明书(人), 介绍信(人)At the meeting the teacher made references to hi
12、s heroic deeds. 在会上老师提到了他的英雄事迹。These are reference books for teachers. 这些是教师参考书。,If you dont know what this means, please refer to the dictionary. 如果你不知道这是什么意思，请查看字典。Her pupils often refer to this dictionary.她的学生经常查这本字典。Dont refer to it again.别再提那件事。,【知识拓展】refer v. 提到，说起，涉及；参考，查询，常与to连用。,precise adj
13、. 精确的, 准确的precision n. 精确(性), 精密(度)I cant give you a precise date. 我无法告诉你确切的日期。 A camera is an instrument of precision. 照相机是一种精密仪器。,S subject 主语P predicate 谓语O object 宾语Att attribute 定语Adv adverbial 状语Com complement 补语Pre predicative 表语C clause 从句,Short forms 缩略语,Difficult sentences analysis,The num
14、ber of knots that were counted during a fixed period of time gave the speed of the ship in nautical miles per hour.,在一定时间内计算出有多少个结，就可以算出船只每小时航行多少英里的速度。,S,Att C,P,O,Adv,Later, when seamen began to use the compass in the 12th century they could calculate longitude using complicated mathematical tables
15、,后来，当12世纪海员们开始使用指南针的时候，他们就可以用复杂的数学表来计算出经度了。,using complicated mathematical tables 是现在分词短语作状语，表示手段。,The compass has a special magnetic pointer which always indicates the North Pole, so it is used to help find the direction that the ship needs to go. pointer 是先行词, which 是引导词, 在从句中作主语, 引导后面定语从句always i
16、ndicates the North Pole; so 后面引导的是结果状语从句; the direction 作为先行词, that是引导词, 引导定语从句the ship needs to go。,指南针有一个特殊的磁针，始终指着北极。因此人们用它来帮助找出船只所要去的方向。,Tips for teacher,Let the word fly 板块是帮助学生学习一些一词多义、熟词生义的词汇。通过此环节，学生可以对一些常见词的用法、意思有一个透彻的了解。,Let the word fly,Two teams will have a race. The team that first give
17、 the proper meaning will get one point.,Team racing,Ready?,work sth. out / work out sth. to calculate an answer, amount, price, or value to find the answer to sth.; to solve sth. 找到的答案；处理；解决 to plan or think of sth. 计划；思考,计算；算出,eg. See if you can work out this bill out. The plot is so complicated th
18、at itll take you a while to work it out. Ive worked out a new way of doing it. I havent worked out whos gone to look after the kids tonight.,计算,解决,思考,计划,Next, lets get a further understanding about the Reading.,SAILING THE OCEANS,Using nature to help keeping alongsidecoastline Part 1,Using navigatio
19、nalinstruments to help Part 2,Using celestial bodies,Using wildlife,Finding longitude,Using the sea,Finding latitude,Using the weather,Scanning to get detail information,Scanning,Reading Comprehension II,1. Before modern instruments were invented, people hardly used any navigation.,2. Early sailors
20、could use the height of the sun to work out their latitude.3. Seamen cant sail the sea if they dont know latitude and longitude.4. Wind could accelerate sailing speed and it was always safe and easy to use.5. The compass always indicates the North Pole, and seamen could find the direction that the s
21、hip needed to go with its help.,1 What is the use of a bearing circle, astrolabe, quadrant or sextant? ( ) What is the use of a compass? ( ) A to set the course of the ship B to measure the position of the ship C to measure the speed of the ship D to tell the time,B,A,Comprehending,1 Read the passag
22、e and answer the following questions.,Speed and time are important in findingout the longitude of a ship because the earth moves fifteen degrees westwards every hour. If you know your direction, speed and time, you can work out the approximate longitude or change in your position in relation to the
23、stars.,Why are speed and time important in working out the longitude of a ship?,The position of the sun and stars are useful for working out latitude because they are fixed points in the sky and their movements in relation to the earth are already known. So they can be used to measure a ships positi
24、on.,3 Why is the position of the sun and various stars useful for working out latitude?,The sailors would need to be excellent navigators, able to cope with both hot and cold weather, experienced in sailing through very bad weather and able to co-operate in a team.,2 Suppose you were a sea captain a
25、iming to sail round Africa. Discuss in groups:,1 What skills would you seek in your sailors?,I would anticipate very hot weather (around the equator), cold weather (around the Cape of Good Hope), very stormy seas (around the Cape), and problems with food and water (unless helped by local natives the
26、 water may be contaminated and the food scarce), etc.,What problems would you anticipate for this journey?,3 What would you do if you came across the following problems during your voyage? Read the chart below and fill in your plans of action to deal with them.,wait till the storm is over, and then
27、find your new position and return to your original course,use knots to find your speed and work out your approximate longitude,use the compass and the astrolabe, quadrant or sextant to find out your position, return to your former course,follow nesting birds to shore; look for special cloud formatio
28、ns or fog over streams to find land,use a compass,measure your position using the sun or stars; look for sea birds, cloud formations, fog or seaweed to show that land is nearby,To find the ships position at sea a sailor used the North Star and the sun.,4 Read the passage again and use the informatio
29、n to analyse the navigational skills. Write the answers in your own words.,Using nature,2 A sailor knew that land was nearby if he saw _ _. 3 Sailors used _ _ to increase their speed.,fresh seaweed, nesting birds,returning home in the evening or fog,sea currents or tides and,winds,Using instruments
30、4 There were two methods to find longitude: 1 _ 2 _ _.,measuring time and speed,compass and complicated mathematical tables,5 Write down the working principles of the following instruments:Bearing circle: _ _.Astrolabe:_ _.,to compare the height of the sun now with the position of the sun at midday,
31、to compare the position of the ship in relation to some stars or the sun,Quadrant: _.,a more precise form of the astrolabe, to measure how high stars are above the horizon, and compare that measurement with previous measurements (using the ship as one of the fixed points to find its position),Sextan
32、t: _.,an updated version of the quadrant and so it was more accurate, to measure the angle between two fixed points outside the ship (using two mirrors to find the ships position),5 Imagine you are on a boat with twenty-nine other people. You have a small box for your personal things but it can only
33、 hold ten items. What would you need for a weeks journey across the North Sea to England?,shirt, trousers,waterproof boots,soap,knife, scissors,blanket,sea-sick tablets, cold medicine,cards, chess,novels, essay collections,Individual activity,Tim is in good shape physically _ he doesnt get much exer
34、cise. (2010湖南) A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as,Quiz I: Multiple choice,John is very _ if he promises to do something hell do it. (2009浙江)A. independent B. confident C. reliable D. flexible,Quiz II: Fill in the blanks.,1. He was a young sailor on his first sea v_.2. She appealed to the j
35、udge to have _ (forgiveness) on her husband.3. A car pulled up (停下来) _ (beside) ours.4. We need to carry out a full _ (= examination) of all the alternatives.,voyage,mercy,alongside,exploration,5. We need a _ of (at least) ten people to play this game.6. The moon is a _ (of the sky) body.7. The moon
36、 rose slowly above the _ (地平线).8. This room needs _ lighting (= lights in the ceiling).9. These young people have _ (not anywhere ) to go.,minimum,celestial,horizon,overhead,nowhere,10. The _ (外面的) appearance of the building has not changed at all in 200 years.11. Time and _ wait for no man. (岁月 不待人
37、。)12. Endangered species need to be kept _ (safe) from poachers (偷猎者).13. He caught the rope and _ (打 结) it around a post.,outward,tide,secure,knotted,14. We asked a _ (任意的) selection of people what they thought.15. My cars quite _ (difficult to use) to drive.16. Knowing what had happened, I avoided
38、 making any _ to (= mentioning) weddings.17. He caught me at the _ (exact) moment that I fainted.,random,awkward,reference,precise,18. He tried to _ (make simple) the story for the younger audience.19. Whatever his _ (faults) as a husband, he was a good father to his children.20. There is a _ (趋向; 倾
39、向) for unemployment to rise in the summer.21. I found this to be a _ (dependable) brand of washing machines.,simplify,shortcomings,tendency,reliable,Quiz III: Translation.,1. 这是人生最有益的鉴戒之一。 It is one of _ lessons of life. 2. 我们可以自由自在地四处观光。 We _ look round comfortably. 3. 由于接近赤道，马尔代夫群岛终年炎 热。 _, Maldiv
40、es is hot all year.,the most useful,were able to,Close by the equator,4. 他指出，热能使水沸腾。 He showed that the heat _ _ boil water. 5. 该科学家改善了脱去海水盐分的方法。 The scientist perfected _ desalting seawater. 6. 这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践 中去。 _ they can better apply theory to practice.,could be used to,a method of,In this wa
41、y,7. 要估算别人为我们所提供的服务的 真正价值是极其困难的。 _ estimate the true value of the services which people perform for us. 8. 它被证明是当年海员们用的一种计算 工具。 _ one of the mathematical instruments that were then in use among seamen.,It is extremely difficult to,It proved to be,Self-assessment,Think about what weve just learnt in
42、todays class.,Time for Reflection,Study without reflection is a waste of time.,Think in English,After the class,Its the time where we stop the class and you look inward. Its a time of silence in a class.,Surf on the Internet and find more about how seamen explore the oceans.,latitude, encyclopedia, pole, equator, seaweed, offshore, log, nautical, magnetic, portable.,2. 发挥想象，连词成文(50-100字)。,Homework,
