1、Unit 1 Women of achievement,Grammar,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致,Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致是指句子的_ 与_在_和_上必须保持一致主谓一致的三个原则: 1. 语法一致 2. 意义一致 3. 就近原则,谓语动词,主语,人称,数,一、语法一致的原
2、则是指主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。二、意义一致的原则指谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志，主要表现为某些集体名词后可跟动词单数或复数。如果这些集体名词指整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；指具体成员时用复数。 三、就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词,例1 Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be,析: 由“or, eitheror, neithernor, not
3、but, not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。e.g. _ you or he the teacher of English? Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting. A. Are, was B. Is, were C. Are, are D. Is, is,V,B,例2 A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offe
4、red D. have offered,析: 一般说来，主语后带有with, together with, as well as, including, but, rather than, no less than词语时，其谓语动词随主语。e.g. The monitor as well as his classmates was given a reward for working hard.,V,例3 When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not
5、decoded D. have not decided,析: 当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,A,例4 I , not you, _ in the wrong. Not I but he _ been invited. A. were, have B. were, has C. was, has D. was, have,例5 Every boy and every girl _ that each day and each hour brings _ duty. A. know, their B. knows, their C. knows, its D.
6、know, its,V,C,析: 有否定形式加入时，动词看肯定形式。,析：every并列使用时，动词取单数。,I. 由and连接的名词作主语时:,1.由and连接的两个不同概念的名词作主语时，动词要用复数：e.g. Both you and I _going to attend the meeting. What he says and what he does _with each other.2.如果后面加not/no，谓语用单数形式。e.g. Black, and not Mary, _chosen monitor. She, and not you,_ going to speak a
7、t the meeting. All work and no play _made you a fool.,are,agree,was,is,has,3. and连接的并列主语为单数概念。主语前面分别由each，every，no等词来修饰时，动词用单数。以many a或more than one修饰的单数名词后面的谓语用单数形式，但其意义是复数性的。e.g. Each doctor and each nurse _sent for. Every boy and every girl _able to go to school now. Many a boy_ fond of playing f
8、ootball. More than one student _folk-music. No teacher and no student _ to have classes on Sunday. 注：在以each，every，no修饰的并列主语中的两个名词前不能加冠词。如果并列的两个名词前分别加定冠词变成复数概念，此时，放在后面作同位语，动词仍用复数形式。e.g. The boy and the girl _each given an apple.,was,is,is,enjoys,agrees,were,4.当and连接的为同一人、事或概念时，这时and后的名词前没有冠词，其动词用单数：e
9、.g. The singer and composer _coming to our school. Bread and butter _often served for breakfast.Pork and Chinese cabbage _one of my favourite dishes. 常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread, salt and water, the folk and knife, soap and water, iron and steel等。,is,is,is,II.当主语后面接说明主语的修饰词或插入语时：,谓语动词的数不
10、受修饰成分的影响，仍与主语一致。常见的有：with, along with, together with, as well as, like,no less than, rather than, more than, as much as, but, except, besides, including等。e.g. The old man, along with his grandson, had to speed up his steps. Russian, as well as English, _taught in our school. Bamboo, like a tree, _ t
11、all and straight. The house, including the garden and the garage, _sold out.,is,grows,was,III.当集合名词做主语时：,根据句子内容，谓语动词既可是单数，也可是复数。常用人的集合名词有：group, class, team, family, nation, army, audience, crowd, public, government。e.g. My family _a happy family. My family all _music. The audience _in good order. (
12、指整体状态) The audience_ greatly encouraged.( 指具体的人)注：有些集合名词如people、cattle等在任何情况下都与复数形式搭配。,was,is,love,were,Discovering useful structures page 5,1. is / are 2.has / is 3. was ( were ) / are 4. was / seem 5. is / are 6. is / were,is is has have carry ( carries ) has wants love are,IV.就近原则：,以连词or，eitheror
13、，nor，neithernor，not onlybut (also).连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语与其相邻的保持一致。e.g. You or I _going to meet Prof. Li at the station. Among the boys, one or two_ able to jump 1.6 metres. Neither Mary not her parents_ invited to the party.There_ a bed, a table and two chairs in her room.,am,are,were,is,V. 以某些“不定代词或表示数量的
14、词+of+名词”结构，谓语形式要与of后边的名词保持一致。,e.g. 70 percent of the surface _covered with water.70 percent of the farmers _improved their living conditions.The rest of his journey_ pleasant.The rest of the girls _fond of music.All of your work _well done.All of your answers _correct.,is,have,was,are,is,are,注意：,1.
15、one of +复数名词+（单）谓语，如： One of the students is from the south.2. one of+复数名词+定语从句（从句动词复数），如： He is one of the boys who are ready to help others.3. the (only) one of+名词（复数）+定语从句，从句中谓语动词用单数，表示众多中只有一个，如： He is the only one of the students who comes early.4. a number of和the number ofe.g. The number of the
16、 students in the school _1,250. A number of students _waiting outside the gate.,is,are,VI. “the + adj.(分词或数词)”结构起名词作用时：,如果这个结构表示的是一类人，谓语动词用复数形式，如果这个结构表示抽象概念（或具体的某个人），谓语用单数形式。e.g. The old _being taken good care of. There _an old man and a young man in the room now. The old _the father of the young. T
17、he unexpected_ not prevented in those days.,are,is,is,was,VII. 表示重量、距离、金钱、一段时间及由one and a half修饰的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式：,e.g. Twenty dollars isnt enough to buy the book. Ten miles isnt long. Five times five is twenty-five. One and a half apples is lying on the plate.,主谓一致记忆口诀,单单复复最常见,集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员,复数谓
18、语记心间.有些名词谓常复,people, police, cattle即这般主语单数后接介,谓语单数介无关.many a作主语也如此,谓语动词应用单or, nor, but also, there be,近主原则挂嘴边.,Please make the best choice!,1. Do you know _. A. what is the police looking for B. what are the police looking for C. what the police are looking for D. what the police is looking for 2. _
19、 he _ I finished the experiment? A. Have neither/nor B. Has neither/nor C. Have neither/or D. Have either /or 3. The old _ well looked after by the government in China. A. is B. are C. has been D. was 4.The secretary and manager _ very busy now. A. is B. are C.has been D. were,C,B,B,A,5. Both the se
20、cretary and the manager_ agreed to attend the meeting. A. has B. have C. are D. is 6. During the holidays every train and ship _ crowded. A. are B. were C. was D. has 7. Tom as well as two of his classmates _ invited to the party. A.was B. were C. have been D.had been 8. Most of his spare time _spen
21、t in reading. A. are B. were C. was D. have been,B,C,A,C,9.Ten thousand dollars _ quite a large sum. A. are B. is C.has D. have10.About 20 percent of the work _ done yesterday. A. are B. is C., were D. was11.When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has n
22、ot decided D. have not decided12.The United States _ founded in 1776. A. was B. is C. were D. are,B,D,A,A,13.This pair of shoes _ made in our factory. A. is B. are C. have been D. had been14.No one except my parents _ anything about it. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known15.A number of stud
23、ents _ from the south. A. are B. is C. have D. has16.The number of students from the south _ small. A. are B. is C. have D. has,A,B,A,B,17.John is the only one of the students in our class who _ to school on foot. A. go B. goes C. have gone D. are going18.It is not I who _ wrong. A. is B. are C. am
24、D. has been19.He said that his family _ all very well. A. are B. were C. is D. was 20.One and a half apples _ on the table. A. is leaving B. is left C. are left D. left21.Where _ that five pounds I lent you? A. is B. have C. was D. were,B,C,B,B,A,22. I _ the ninth letter of the English Alphabet. A.
25、are B. be C. is D. am23.Six times seven _ forty-two. A. are B. is C. have D. was24.The United States _ made up of 50 states, one of which _Kentucky. A. is /are B. is/is C. are/is D. are/are25.The population of the city _ increasing fast. A. were B. be C. is D. are,C,B,B,C,26.One third of the populat
26、ion here _ workers. A. is B. have C. be D. are27.Now the police _ searching the town for the lost child. A. was B. were C. is D. are28.Two of them will go first, the rest _ to stay. A. is B. are C. has D. have29.He was the one of the students who _ praised at the meeting. A. was B. were C. is D. are
27、,D,D,D,A,30.The scientist and professor _ left for Russia. A. have B. has C. is D, are 31.Many a boy _ made such a funny experiment. A. have B. are C. has D. is 32.Every means _ been tried since then. A. has B. were C. was D. has been,A,C,B,Finish Exx. 1-2 on page 43.Learn to use the grammar freely to finish the exercises.Preview Reading II.,Homework,
