1、Unit 1 Cultural relicsLearning about Language,1. Get the students to learn the Attributive Clause introduced by that/which/who/whose/where/when and why.2. Master the difference between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.3. Let the students learn different usages of that/ which/as
2、.,Do you know the room?It is made of amber.,Do you know the room which is made of amber?,Beijing is the capital of China.Beijing has a very long history.,Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a very long history.,一、定语从句的定义： 用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词(antecedent)。定语从句一般是由关系代词或关系副词来引导的。e.g
3、.: 1. Do you know the man who came to see Xiao Yang this morning? 2. The day is not far off when we will make a trip to Britain.,The Restrictive & Non-restrictive Attributive Clause（限制性和非限制性定语从句）,1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略）,The man who I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is calle
4、d a thief.,2. whom 指人, 作宾语 (作宾语时可省略，若介词提前则不能省略),The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I nodded is Mr. Li.,二、关系代词引导的定语从句,3. which 指物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略, 若介词提前则不能省略),These are the trees which were planted last year.,The recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.,Is this the librar
5、y (which) you borrow books from?,Is this the library from which you borrow books?,Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat. The goat is eating her flowers.,Mrs. Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.,Can you lend me the book? You talked about it last night.,Can you lend me the book (whic
6、h) you talked about last night?,Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?,He is the man (that) I told you about.,注意：关系代词that不能用于介词后。,4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语时可省略）,A plane is a machine that can fly.,5. whose 指人/物，相当于先行词的所有格，whose后须加名词才能引导定语从句。,I have a friend.His mother is a profess
7、or in university.,I have a friend whose mother is a professor in university.,Can you show me the book whose cover is red?,I am sure she has everything (that) you want.,Ive read all the books that are not mine.,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,This is the first b
8、ook (that) he has read.,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,This is the very book that belongs to him.,关系代词必须用that的情况,【点津】,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,The scientist / who /whom/that we met yesterday is very famous in the world.,2. The dress is new.
9、She is wearing it.,The dress that/which/ she is wearing is new.,【即学即练】,1. The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,Try your best!,4. This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person that/who/whom/ I have ever worked with.,This is the best film that/ I
10、have ever seen.,3. He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。,1. 关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于 “介词+ which” 结构，因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如：,（1）我仍然记得我参军的那一天。,I still remember the day.,On that day I joined the army.,I still remember the day when I joi
11、ned the army.,I still remember the day on which I joined the army.,或,(2) 这就是我们去年住的房屋。,This is the house.,We lived in it last year.,This is the house where we lived last year. 或,This is the house in which we lived last year. 或,This is the house which we lived in last year.,Do you know the reason why
12、he was late? 或,Do you know the reason for which he was late?,(3) 你知道他迟到的原因吗？,Do you know the reason?,He was late for that reason.,2. 当先行词是指时间、地点或原因时，并非都用when, where, why 来引导定语从句。,(1),这是我们去年参观的地方。 ,这是我们去年工作的地方。 ,This is the place (which/that) we visited last year.,This is the place where we worked la
13、st year.,vt.,vi.,我仍然记得我入团的那一天。,我仍然记得我们一起度过的那一天。,(2),I still remember the day when I joined the League.,I still remember the day that / which we spent together.,四、判断关系代词与关系副词,用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。,This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.,这是我去年待过的山
14、村。,Ill never forget the days (which/that) I spent together with you.,我永远不会忘记与你共度的日子。,五、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别,1. 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there?站在那边的那个高个子女人叫什么名字?Toronto is a city (that) Ive al
15、ways wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。,2.非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明,如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略。Rome, which I paid a visit to last year, is a fantastic city. 我去年参观过罗马，这是一个非常棒的城市。Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of London. 昨天我遇见了金教授，他
16、从伦敦大学来。,3. 大多数限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而非限制性定语从句的先行词也可以是整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。分析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这件事。此时由which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面一句话的内容。,4. 关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中可用who来代替，但在非限制性定语从句中不可用who来代替。This is
17、the girl whom/who I met in the street.这是我在街上遇到的女孩。关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可以用who代替。,The young man made a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.这个小伙子新交了一个女朋友，他想给她留下深刻印象。关系代词whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可以用who代替。,六、as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时的相同点和不同点1. 相同点: as和which都可以指代整个句子的内容。The meeting was put off, as/ which was
18、 exactlywhat we wanted. 这次会议延期了,这正是我们所希望的。,2. 不同点: as引导的从句既可以位于主句前，也可以位于主句后,主句没有前后逻辑关系，常表示“正如”；而which引导的定语从句只能放在主句后，主从句常有一定的因果关系或前后顺序，常表示“这一点”。,Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。As everyone knows, all that glitters is not gold.= All that glitters, as everyone
19、knows, is not gold.= All that glitters is not gold, as everyone knows.众所周知，并非所有发光的东西都是金子。,Hangzhou is a beautiful city, _ people visit the famous West Lake.2. Beijing, _ is the capital of China, has a very long history.3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. The young man made a new girlfrie
20、nd, _ is a pop star.,which,As,who,where/in which,5. I should thank my teacher, with _help I solved the problem. 6. He once worked on the Birds Nest, _ _ his son is proud.,whose,of,which,用恰当的关系词填空,1. This is the new car that I bought it last week. _2. The man came yesterday is our English teacher. _3
21、. I know the student was praised at the meeting last week. _4. Those who wants to go there please write down names. _5. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you. _6. This is all which I can do for you. _,it,who,who,want,am,that,定语从句易错练习,7. Can you think of anyone whos house was near
22、here? _8. I know the reason that she looks so worried. _9. He left me the book, that is very useful for me. _10. This is the room which food is kept. _11. It is one of the pictures that _ been sold.12. It is the only one of the pictures that been sold.,whose,why,which,where,have,has,Put the two sent
23、ences into one:1. Our friends missed the train again. They are always late for everything.Our friends, who are always late for everything, missed the train again.2. My aunt was waiting for me on the steps. She had two heavy bags.My aunt, who had two heavy bags, was waiting for me on the steps.3. The dog is easily frightened. It was beaten when it was small.The dog, which was beaten when it was small, is easily frightened.,Do more exercises about the Restrictive & Non-restrictive Attributive Clause.,Homework,Cease to struggle and you cease to live.生命不止，奋斗不息。,
