1、BRITISH STANDARDBS EN 12516-2:2004Industrial valves Shell design strength Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shellsThe European Standard EN 12516-2:2004 has the status of a British StandardICS 23.060.01Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17
2、:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIBS EN 12516-2:2004This British Standard was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Committee on 23 July 2004 BSI 23 July 2004ISBN 0 580 44152 0National forewordThis British Standard is the official English language version of
3、EN 12516-2:2004.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted by Technical Committee PSE/7, Industrial valves, to Subcommittee PSE/7/6, Industrial valves: steel valves, which has the responsibility to: A list of organizations represented on this subcommittee can be obtained on request to its
4、 secretary.Cross-referencesThe British Standards which implement international or European publications referred to in this document may be found in the BSI Catalogue under the section entitled “International Standards Correspondence Index”, or by using the “Search” facility of the BSI Electronic Ca
5、talogue or of British Standards Online.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. aid enquirers to understand
6、the text; present to the responsible international/European committee any enquiries on the interpretation, or proposals for change, and keep the UK interests informed; monitor related international and European developments and promulgate them in the UK.Summary of pagesThis document comprises a fron
7、t cover, an inside front cover, the EN title page,pages 2 to 88, an inside back cover and a back cover.The BSI copyright notice displayed in this document indicates when the document was last issued.Amendments issued since publicationAmd. No. Date CommentsLicensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Talla
8、ght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPENNE EUROPISCHE NORM EN 12516-2 July 2004 ICS 23.060.01 English version Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells Robinetterie
9、 industrielle - Rsistance mcanique des enveloppes - Partie 2: Mthode de calcul relative aux enveloppes dappareils de robinetterie en acier Industriearmaturen - Gehusefestigkeit - Teil 2: Berechnungsverfahren fr drucktragende Gehuse von Armaturen aus Stahl This European Standard was approved by CEN o
10、n 16 April 2004. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may
11、 be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Cent
12、ral Secretariat has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Po
13、land, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any me
14、ans reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12516-2:2004: ELicensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 12516-2:2004 (E) 2 Contents page Foreword.3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .5 2 Normative re
15、ferences .5 3 Symbols and units.5 4 General conditions for strength calculation .6 5 Design pressure.7 6 Nominal design stresses for pressure parts other than bolts .7 6.1 General.7 6.2 Steels and cast steels other than defined in 6.3, 6.4 or 6.5.7 6.3 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with
16、 a minimum rupture elongation not less than 30 %.7 6.4 Austenitic steel and austenitic cast steel with a minimum rupture elongation not less than 35 %.8 6.5 Non-alloy and low-alloy cast steel .8 6.6 Creep conditions.8 7 Calculation methods for the wall thickness of valve bodies .8 7.1 General.8 7.2
17、Valve bodies.9 8 Calculation methods for bolted bonnets and covers.28 8.1 General.28 8.2 Covers made of flat plates .28 8.3 Covers consisting of a spherically domed end and an adjoining flanged ring .45 8.4 Dished heads.49 9 Calculation method for pressure sealed bonnets and covers.54 10 Calculation
18、 methods for flanges.56 10.1 General.56 10.2 Circular flanges.56 10.3 Oval flanges.65 10.4 Rectangular or square flanges.68 10.5 Calculation of the bolt diameter.70 10.6 Design temperature .71 11 Calculation methods for glands.71 11.1 Loads .71 11.2 Gland bolts .72 11.3 Gland flanges .72 11.4 Other
19、components.72 12 Fatigue .72 13 Marking .72 Annex A (informative) Allowable stresses.73 Annex B (informative) Characteristic values of gaskets and joints.77 Annex C (informative) Calculation procedure .86 Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requiremen
20、ts of EU Directive 97/23/EC .87 Bibliography .88 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 12516-2:2004 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 12516-2:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 69 “
21、Industrial valves”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2005, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
22、January 2005. This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s). For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this do
23、cument. EN 12516, Industrial valves Shell design strength, consists of four parts: Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells Part 2: Calculation method for steel valve shells Part 3: Experimental method Part 4: Calculation method for valve shells in metallic materials other than steel The ann
24、exes A, B and C are informative. This document includes a Bibliography. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finlan
25、d, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39
26、GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 12516-2:2004 (E) 4 Introduction EN 12516, Industrial valves Shell design strength, is in four parts. Parts 1 and 2 specify methods for determining the thickness of steel valve shells by tabulation or calculation methods respectively. Part 3 establishes an
27、 experimental method for assessing the strength of valve shells in steel, cast iron and copper alloy by applying an elevated hydrostatic pressure at ambient temperature. Part 4 specifies methods for calculating the thickness for valve shells in metallic materials other than steel. The calculation me
28、thod, Part 2 is similar in approach to DIN 3840 where the designer calculates the wall thickness for each point on the pressure temperature curve using the allowable stress at temperature for the material he has chosen (see Bibliography, reference 1). The allowable stress is calculated from the mate
29、rial properties using safety factors that are defined in Part 2. The equations in Part 2 consider the valve as a pressure vessel and ensure that there is no excessive deformation or plastic instability. The tabulation method, Part 1 is similar in approach to ASME B16.34 in that the designer can look
30、 up the required minimum wall thickness of the valve body from a table (see Bibliography, reference 2). The internal diameter of the straight pipe, into which the valve is to be mounted, gives the reference dimension from which the tabulated wall thicknesses of the body are calculated. The tabulated
31、 thicknesses in Part 1 are the minimum thickness in the crotch region and are calculated using an allowable stress equal to 118 N/mm2 and a calculation pressure, pc, in N/mm2. The values of the calculation pressure, pc, and the equation used for calculating the thickness are given in Part 1. Part 1
32、specifies Standard and Special pressure temperature ratings for valve bodies having the tabulated thickness. These tabulated pressure temperature ratings are applicable to a group of materials and are calculated using a selected stress, which is determined from the material properties representative
33、 of the group, using safety factors defined in Part 1. Each tabulated pressure temperature rating is given a reference pressure designation to identify it. The B (Body) pressure designation is used to differentiate it from the PN pressure designation that is used for flanges because the rules for de
34、termining the pressure temperature ratings for B and PN designations are different. In the case where a valve body designed to Part 1 is having PN designated flanged ends, the designer considers the requirements laid down in Part 1 to ensure that the valve body is not weaker than the flange. Maximum
35、 allowable pressures for Special ratings are higher than those for Standard ratings as additional non-destructive examination of the body used for Special rating allows the use of lower safety factors in calculating the allowable pressure. A merit of the calculation method is that it allows the most
36、 efficient design for a specific application using the allowable stresses for the actual material selected for the application. A merit of the tabulation method, which has a fixed set of shell dimensions irrespective of the material of the shell, is that it is possible to have common patterns and fo
37、rging dies. The allowable pressure temperature rating for each material varies proportionally to the selected stresses of the material group to which the material belongs. The two methods are based on different assumptions, and as a consequence the detail of the analysis is different (see Bibliograp
38、hy, reference 7). Both methods offer a safe and proven method of designing pressure-bearing components for valve shells. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 12516-2:2004 (E) 5 1 Scope This part of
39、EN 12516 specifies the method for the strength calculation of the shell with respect to internal pressure of the valve. 2 Normative references This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriat
40、e places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publicatio
41、n referred to applies (including amendments). EN 19, Industrial valves Marking of metallic valves. EN 1092-1, Flanges and their joints Circular flanges for pipes, valves, fittings and accessories, PN designated Part 1: Steel flanges. EN 1515-1, Flanges and their joints Bolting Part 1: Selection of b
42、olting. EN 1591-1, Flanges and their joints Design rules for gasketed circular flange connections Part 1: Calculation method. EN 13445-3, Unfired pressure vessels Part 3: Design. 3 Symbols and units The following symbols are used: Table 1 Symbols characteristics and units Symbol Characteristic Unit
43、A elongation after rupture % Bn calculation coefficient for oval cross-sections E modulus of elasticity MPa or N/mm2 e thickness mm f nominal design stress MPa or N/mm2 fd maximum value of the nominal design stress for normal operating load cases MPa or N/mm2 fd/t nominal design stress for design co
44、nditions at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 fexp nominal design stress for exceptional conditions MPa or N/mm2 kc welding factor p pressure MPa or N/mm2 pc calculation pressure MPa or N/mm2 pd design pressure MPa or N/mm2 PS maximum allowable pressure MPa or N/mm2 Re yield strength MPa or N/mm2 ReH/t u
45、pper yield strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Licensed Copy: Institute Of Technology Tallaght, Institute of Technology, Sun Dec 17 01:17:39 GMT+00:00 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSIEN 12516-2:2004 (E) 6 Table 1 (concluded) Symbol Characteristic Unit Rm tensile strength MPa or N/mm2 Rm/t tensi
46、le strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rm/T/t creep rupture strength for T hours at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp0,2 0,2 % - proof strength MPa or N/mm2 Rp0,2/t 0,2 % - proof strength at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0 1,0 % - proof strength MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0/t 1,0 % - proof strength at t
47、emperature t C MPa or N/mm2 Rp1,0/T/t 1,0 % - creep proof strength for T hours at temperature t C MPa or N/mm2 SF safety factor T time h t temperature C tc calculation temperature C td design temperature C linear expansion factor K1 cone calculation coefficient strain % Poissons ratio 4 General cond
48、itions for strength calculation Equations 1 and 2 apply to mainly static internal pressure stressing. The extent to which these equations can also be applied to pulsating internal pressure stressing is described in clause 12. The total wall thickness is found by adding the following allowances: 2 1
49、0 0c c e e + + =c (1) 2 1 1 1c c e e + + =c (2) where ec0, ec1 are the calculated wall thicknesses in accordance with the rules given in this standard at different locations on the valve shell (see Figures 1, 2, 5 and 8 to 20); c1 is a manufacturer tolerance allowance; c2 is a corrosion allowance. T
50、he values of the corrosion allowance are: c2 = 1 mm for ferritic and ferritic-martensitic steels; c2 = 0 mm for all other steels. When checking the wall thickness of existing pressure retaining shells these allowances shall be subtracted from the actual wall thickness. Licensed Copy: Institute Of Te
