1、目录2 0 1 4年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题（回忆版）2 0 1 3年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 3年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及部分详解2 0 1 2年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 2年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及部分详解2 0 1 1年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 1年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及详解1 .1 Verb al d u elin g2 .1 Assimilatio
2、n . It is a p ro cess b y wh ich o n eso u n d tak es o n so me o r allth e ch aracteristics o f a n eig h b o rin g so u n d . It iso ften u sed sy n o n y mo u slywith co -articu latio n . Nasalizatio n2 .2 Lan g u ag e acq u isitio n refers to th e g rad u al d ev elo p men t o f ab ility in alan
3、 g u ag e b y u sin g it n atu rally in co mmu n icativ e situ atio n s.3 .1 Wh at are th e d istin ctiv e featu res o f American stru ctu ralism? (7 .5p o in ts)3 .2 It is claimed in so cio lin g u istics th at y o u are wh at y o u say . Ho wwo u ld y o u co mmen t o n th isth eo retical claim? (7
4、 .5 p o in ts)3 .3 A d istin ctio n can b e d rawn b etween Co mp eten ce an d Perfo rman ce inth estu d y o f lan g u ag e. Wh at d o th ey refer to ? Wh y d o es Ch o msk y d rawsu ch a d istin ctio n ? (1 0 p o in ts)3 .4 Wh at are th e th ree metafu n ctio n s o f Sy stemic Fu n ctio n al Gramma
5、r?Illu strate each o f th em with sp ecific ex amp les. (1 5 p o in ts)5 .4 Write a sh o rt essay to tell th e similaritieso r th e d ifferen ces b etweenAmerican realism an d American n atu ralism2 0 1 0年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 0年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及详解2 0 0 9年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译
6、）考研真题2 0 0 9年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及详解2 0 0 8年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言、文学与翻译）考研真题2 0 0 8年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言、文学）考研真题及详解2 0 0 7年武汉大学4 0 1英语综合（语言、文学与翻译）考研真题2 0 0 7年武汉大学4 0 1英语综合（语言、文学）考研真题及部分详解2 0 0 6年武汉大学4 0 1英语综合（语言、文学与翻译）考研真题2 0 1 4年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题（回忆版）语言学部分第一题、解释名词，ex o cen tric，an to n y my，mo
7、rp h eme，b len d in g第二题、p aro le和lan g u e的区别第三题、影响二语习得的因素第四题、关于seman tic sen se 的四句话。第五题、p rag matics th eo ry的一些东西文学部分第一、作家作品连线第二、浪漫主义的特点第三、写出下列作品中的至少一个角色的名字。有so n s an d lo v ers，Oth ello，双城记等等第四、女作家作品中的女角色第五、愤怒的葡萄和p u ritan的经历比较第六、美国文学的成长小说分析，至少三部更多考研资料 v/q:344647 公众号/小程序：顺通考试资料2 0 1 3年武汉大学8 0
8、1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 3年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及部分详解Part I. Lin g u isticsI. Defin e th e fo llo win g terms. (4 5 =2 0 p o in ts)1 .1 . Assimilatio n1 .2 . Mo rp h eme1 .3 . Emb ed d in g1 .4 . Sy n o n y my答案：1 . Assimilatio n . It is a p ro cess b y wh ich o n e so u n d tak es o n so me o
9、r allth e ch aracteristics o f a n eig h b o rin g so u n d . It is o ften u sed sy n o n y mo u slywith co -articu latio n . Nasalizatio n , d en talizatio n an d , v elarizatio n are allin stan ces o f assimilatio n . Th ere are two p o ssib ilities o f assimilatio n : if afo llo win g so u n d is
10、 in flu en cin g a p reced in g so u n d , it is reg ressiv eassimilatio n ; th e co n v erse p ro cess, in wh ich a p reced in g so u n d is in flu en cin ga fo llo win g so u n d , is k n o wn as p ro g ressiv e assimilatio n . Fo r ex amp le, in“min k ”, “n ”, wh ich is o rig in ally p ro n o u n
11、 ced as /n /, will b e v elarized b y th efo llo win g “k ”/k /, an d th erefo re th e wo rd will b e p ro n o u n ced as / miNk / .2 . Mo rp h eme: Mo rp h eme is th e smallest u n it o f lan g u ag e in terms o frelatio n sh ip b etween ex p ressio n an d co n ten t, a u n it th at can n o t b e d
12、 iv id edin to fu rth er smaller u n its with o u t d estro y in g o r d rastically alterin g th emean in g , wh eth er it is lex ical o r g rammatical. Fo r ex amp le, in b o y s, th ere aretwo mo rp h emes: “b o y ” an d “-s”; in in tern atio n al, th ere are th ree mo rp h emes:“in ter-” “n atio
13、n ” an d “-al”.3 . Emb ed d in g : It refers to th e in clu sio n o f a clau se with in a p h rase o ran o th er clau se, o r o f a p h rase in to an o th er p h rase. An ex amp le o f emb ed d edclau ses is: Wh at I d o is n o n e o f y o u r b u sin ess. (No min al clau se emb ed d ed assu b ject
14、o f an o th er clau se)4 . Sy n o n y my : tech n ical n ame fo r th e samen ess relatio n . Two o r mo refo rms with v ery clo sely related mean in g s are sy n o n y ms, wh ich are o ften , b u tn o t alway s, in tersu b stitu tab le in sen ten ces. Fo r ex amp le, in En g lish h id e an dco n cea
15、l in : He h id th e mo n ey u n d er th e b ed . He co n cealed th e mo n ey u n d erth e b ed . Often o n e wo rd may b e mo re ap p ro p riate th an an o th er in a p articu larsitu atio n , e.g . co n ceal is mo re fo rmal th an h id e.II. An swer th e fo llo win g q u estio n s. (1 0 3 =3 0 p o
16、in ts)2 .1 . Wo rd s referrin g to sp en d in g an d fin an ce (su ch as co st, sp en d ,in v est, b u y , sell) also h av e ab stract metap h o rical u ses, as in :Th at mistak e will co st y o u a lo t.He in v ested a lo t o f time in th e p ro ject.Yo u re o n ly b u y in g tro u b le if y o u d
17、o th at.Giv e th ree ad d itio n al ex amp les o f th e metap h o rical u se o f wo rd s fro mth e realm o f sp en d in g an d fin an ce. Th en d iscu ss h o w th e metap h o rical u sesare related to th e co n crete fin an cial mean in g s.答案：Th e th ree ad d itio n al ex amp les o f th e metap h o
18、 rical u se o f wo rd s fro m th erealm o f sp en d in g an d fin an ce are: He tries h is b est to b u y time b y n eg o tiatin g . Wh y in v est time an d en erg y in so meth in g th at we all h ate? Careless d riv in g co st h im h is life.Trad itio n ally , b u y , in v est an d co st are u su a
19、lly u sed b efo re co n creteth in g s, h o wev er we co u ld also u n d erstan d it wh en it is u sed o n ab stract. It isb ecau se we co u ld u n d erstan d th in g s fro m th e p ersp ectiv e o f metap h o r.Metap h o r in v o lv es th e co mp ariso n o f two co n cep ts in th at o n e is co n st
20、ru ed interms o f th e o th er. Its o ften d escrib ed in terms o f a targ et d o main an d aso u rce d o main . Th e targ et d o main is th e ex p erien ce b ein g d escrib ed b y th emetap h o r an d th e so u rce d o main is th e mean s th at we u se in o rd er to d escrib eth e ex p erien ce.2 .
21、2 . Co mmen t o n th e d istin ctio n b etween Descrip tiv e an d Prescrip tiv eb y g iv in g ex amp les.答案：Th e d istin ctio n lies in p rescrib in g h o w th in g s o u g h t to b e an d d escrib in gh o w th in g s are. To say th at lin g u istics is a d escrip tiv e scien ce is to say th atth e
22、lin g u ist tries to d isco v er an d reco rd th e ro les to wh ich th e memb ers o f alan g u ag e-co mmu n ity actu ally co n fo rm an d d o es n o t seek to imp o se u p o nth em o th er ru les, o r n o rms, o f co rrectn ess, wh ich are in th e sco p e o fp rescrip tiv e lin g u istics.A d escri
23、p tiv e g rammar d escrib es h o w lan g u ag e is actu ally sp o k en an d /o r written , wh ich d o es n o t tell h o w th e sp eak ers sh o u ld sp eak , b u t rath erd escrib es th eir b asic lin g u istic k n o wled g e, ex p lain s h o w it is p o ssib le fo rth em to sp eak an d u n d erstan
24、d an d also ex p lain s wh at it is th ey k n o w ab o u tth e so u n d s, mo rp h emes, wo rd s, p h rases, clau ses an d sen ten ces o f th eirlan g u ag e. e.g . Gen tlemen d o n t talk d irty in fro n t o f lad ies.Th ere is an o th er k in d o f g rammar wh ich is b eliev ed to rep resen t th e
25、co rrect fo rms th at all ed u cated p eo p le sh o u ld u se in sp eech an d writin g . Su cha g rammar is called a p rescrip tiv e g rammar, wh ich p rescrib es th e ru les o rp rin cip les o f th e g rammar rath er th an d escrib es th em. Th e g rammar u su allytau g h t in classro o m is th e p
26、 ed ag o g ical g rammar, wh ich is a g rammaticald escrip tio n o f a lan g u ag e sp ecially d esig n ed as an aid to teach in g th atlan g u ag e to n ativ e o r fo reig n learn ers. It emp h asizes th e fu n ctio n al asp ects o fg rammar rath er th an its th eo retical categ o ries. It states e
27、x p licitly th e ru les o fth e lan g u ag e. e.g . Do n t talk d irty in fro n t o f lad ies.2 .3 . Th e d isco u rse-b ased v iew o f lan g u ag e teach in g aims at d ev elo p in gd isco u rse co mp eten ce, wh ich is similar to th e well-k n o wn co n cep t o fco mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce. Wh
28、 at d o es co mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce refer to ?Ho w d o y o u th in k o f its relatio n to lan g u ag e teach in g an d learn in g ?答案：Co mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce is th e ab ility n o t o n ly to ap p ly th eg rammatical ru les o f a lan g u ag e in o rd er to fo rm g rammatically co rrect
29、sen ten ces b u t also to k n o w wh en an d wh ere to u se th ese sen ten ces an d towh o m.Co mmu n icativ e co mp eten ce in clu d es:(1 ) k n o wled g e o f th e g rammar an d v o cab u lary o f th e lan g u ag e;(2 ) k n o wled g e o f ru les o f sp eak in g (e. g . k n o win g h o w to b eg in
30、 an d en dco n v ersatio n s, k n o win g wh at to p ics may b e talk ed ab o u t in d ifferen t ty p es o fsp eech ev en ts, k n o win g wh ich ad d ress fo rms sh o u ld b e u sed with d ifferen tp erso n s o n e sp eak s to an d in d ifferen t situ atio n s);(3 ) k n o win g h o w to u se an d re
31、sp o n d to d ifferen t ty p es o f sp eech acts,su ch as req u ests, ap o lo g ies, th an k s, an d in v itatio n s;(4 ) k n o win g h o w to u se lan g u ag e ap p ro p riately .Wh en so meo n e wish es to co mmu n icate with o th ers, th ey mu st reco g n izeth e so cial settin g , th eir relatio
32、 n sh ip to th e o th er p erso n (s), an d th e ty p es o flan g u ag e th at can b e u sed fo r a p articu lar o ccasio n . Th ey mu st also b e ab le toin terp ret written o r sp o k en sen ten ces with in th e to tal co n tex t in wh ich th eyare u sed .It h as co n trib u ted to a ch an g e o f
33、 emp h asis in th e co n ten t o f lan g u ag eteach in g , to in n o v atio n s in materials an d activ ities fo r th e classro o m, to afresh lo o k at th e n atu re o f lan g u ag e d ev elo p men t an d u se an d to a mo refru itfu l research in th is field .Part II. Literatu reIII. Ex p lain th
34、 e fo llo win g literary terms b riefly , citin g ex amp les wh ererelev an t. (4 5 =2 0 p o in ts)4 .1 . Go th ic n o v el4 .2 . “Preface to Ly rical Ballad s”4 .3 . iro n y4 .4 . o v er-so u lIV. Sh o rt-an swer q u estio n : g iv e a co n cise b u t ad eq u ate an swer to th efo llo win g q u est
35、io n . (1 0 p o in ts)Mak e a b rief co mmen t o n th e fo llo win g elemen ts o f settin g in wh ich Pipmet Estella in Great Ex p ectatio n s: th e iv y g ro win g o n th e ru in s o f SatisHo u se, th e “silv ery mist” an d th e mo o n lig h t.V. Essay q u estio n . (2 0 p o in ts)Th e p erio d 1
36、8 2 0 -1 8 6 5 mark ed th e d ev elo p men t o f th e “AmericanRen aissan ce” as a way o f d escrib in g th o se y ears in terms o f literaryn atio n alism. Cite n o less th an two ex amp les o f wo rk s an d d iscu ss h o w th eytry to d ev elo p an d rep resen t a n atio n al ch aracter.答案：Part II
37、. 略2 0 1 2年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学、翻译）考研真题2 0 1 2年武汉大学8 0 1英语综合（语言学、文学）考研真题及部分详解Sectio n On e Lin g u isticsI. Try to d ifferen tiate th e two lin g u istic terms b elo w (1 0 p o in ts):Sen se/referen ce答案：略II. An aly ze th e fo llo win g lin g u istic p h en o men o n in th e fo llo win gsen ten ces,
38、 p ay in g p articu lar atten tio n to th e u n d erlin ed p arts (1 5 p o in ts):I saw h er cro ss th e street.Do o y o u min d h er smo k in g h ere?He left with th e jo b h alf d o n e.Th ere are lo ts o f th in g s fo r u s to d o at th e week en d .Sh e n ev er lik ed an y b o d y b eh av in g
39、th at way .答案：略III. An swer th e fo llo win g q u estio n (2 5 p o in ts) In wh at way o r way s d o y o u ag ree o r d isag ree with Blo o mfield inseein g wo rd as th e min imal free fo rm?答案：略Sectio n Two British an d American Literatu reIV. Discu ss th e altru istic sp irit reflected in O. Hen r
40、y s sh o rt sto ry “TwoTh an k sg iv in g Day Gen tlemen .” (1 0 p o in ts)答案：Stu ffy Pete an d th e o ld g en tleman are th e two g en tlemen in th esh o rt sto ry , an d b o th o f th em ch erish a k in d o f altru istic sp irit. Alth o u g hStu ffy Pete h as alread y h ad a b ig meal b efo re h e
41、 met th e o ld g en tleman , h etried to eat all th e fo o d s th at th e o ld g en tleman g av e h im so as to fu lfill th eo ld g en tleman s wish . He wo u ld h av e to ld th e o ld g en tleman th at h e was fu ll,b u t h e ch o se to o b ey th e ap p o in tmen t with th e o ld g en tleman . Wh i
42、le th e o ldg en tleman h imself o wn s a little mo n ey at th at time, h e still k eep s th eap p o in tmen t to in v ite Stu ffy Pete to d in e. He th in k s h ig h ly o f b ein g h o n est,an d h e wo u ld rath er starv e th an b reak h is p ro mise.V. Mak e a critical an aly sis o f th e fo llo
43、win g p o em, ev alu atin g h o w th efo rm an d th e co n ten t in teract with an d en h an ce each o th er. (1 5 p o in ts)Go an d catch a fallin g star,Get with ch ild a man d rak e ro o t,Tell me wh ere all p ast y ears are,Or wh o cleft th e d ev ils fo o t,Teach me to h ear mermaid s sin g in
44、g ,Or to k eep o ff en v y s stin g in g ,An d fin dWh at win dServ es to ad v an ce an h o n est min d .If th o u b est b o rn to stran g e sig h ts,Th in g s in v isib le to see,Rid e ten th o u san d d ay s an d n ig h ts,Till ag e sn o w wh ite h airs o n th ee,Th o u , wh en th o u retu rn st,
45、wilt tell me,All stran g e wo n d ers th at b efell th ee,An d swear,No wh ereLiv es a wo man tru e an d fair.If th o u fin d st o n e, let me k n o w,Su ch a p ilg rimag e were sweet;Yet d o n o t, I wo u ld n o t g o ,Th o u g h at n ex t d o o r we mig h t meet,Th o u g h sh e were tru e, wh en y
46、 o u met h er,An d last, till y o u write y o u r letter,Yet sh eWill b eFalse, ere I co me, to two , o r th ree.No tes:man d rak e ro o t: a fo rk ed ro o t su p p o sed to resemb le th e h u man sh ap e.答案：Th e p o em is written b y Jo h n Do n n e, an d its rh y min g sch eme isab ab ccd d d . Th
47、 e p o em ch iefly co n cern s th e lack o f co n stan cy in wo men . Th eto n e tak en is o n e o f g en tle cy n icism an d mo ck in g . Do n n e ask s th e read er tod o th e imp o ssib le, wh ich h e co mp ares with fin d in g a co n stan t wo man , th u sin sin u atin g th at su ch a wo man d o
48、 es n o t ex ist. Th u s, it rev eals Do n n esp reju d ice to ward s wo men .Th e stan zas are slig h tly lo n g er th an mig h t b e ex p ected , n in e lin es each ,b u t th is allo ws fo r th e mo re co mp lex an d ab stract id eas, wh ich are th earch ety p e o f metap h y sical p o etry .Th er
49、e is a v ery tig h t v erse stru ctu re, wh ich co n sists o f a sestet o f ab abrh y me p reced in g th e rh y min g trip let in each stan za. Th e trip let sh o ws anin sisten ce o f o p in io n , an d it n o t o n ly emp h asizes th e p o in ts b ein g mad e b u talso creates a liltin g rh y me t
50、o th e en d o f each v erse, lik e th e refrain to a so n g .Th e two v ery sh o rt lin es immed iately p reced e a far lo n g er o n e, th u s creatin gco n trast, wh ich mirro rs th e co n trastin g imag es in th e p o em. Th is is reflectedin th e co n trastin g imag es su ch as lig h t an d d ar
