1、专业英语环境: environment环境工程: environmental engineering环境保护: environmental protection环境意识: environmental consciousness/awareness环境问题: environmental issue/problem环境效应: environmental effect环境污染: environmental pollution环境要素: environmental elements环境因子: environmental factors环境化学: environmental chemistry环境生态学
2、: environmental ecology环境质量: environmental quality环境自净作用: environmental self-purification/self-cleansing水环境: watershed水体: water body流域: watershed水质: water quality水资源: water resources供水: water supply废水: waste water水处理: water treatment物理性水质指标: physical indicate of water quality水污染物: water pollutant生物性
3、水质指标: biological water-quality index水质标准: water quality standard化学性水质指标: chemical water-quality indexDS: dissolved solidsBOD: biochemical oxygen demandTDS: total dissolved solidsCOD: chemical oxygen demandTSS: total suspended solidsDO: dissolved oxygenTOC: total organic carbonPH 值:TN:总氮 total nitrog
4、enTP:总磷 phosphorusZn: zincCu:CopperAs: arsenicCd: CadmiumCr:chromiumNi: NickelHg: mercuryPb:plumbum物理处理: physical treatment过滤: screening生物处理: biological treatment沉淀: sedimentation化学处理: chemical treatment气浮: flotation物理化学处理: physical-chemical treatment蒸发: evaporation稀释: dilution扩散: dispersion吹脱: stri
5、pping好氧处理: aerobic treatment生物膜法: bio-membrane process厌氧处理: anaerobic treatment生物滤池: trickling filters活性污泥法: activated sludge process生物接触氧化: biological contactSBR:苯乙烯 -丁二烯 Styrene Butadiene RubberUASB(流式厌氧污泥床) : Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket活性污泥: activated sludge改进型: modification一级处理: primary trea
6、tment二级处理: secondary treatment三级处理: tertiary treatment高级氧化处理: advanced treatment生活污水: domestic wastewater生产废水: industrial wastewater城市生活污水: municipal wastewater电镀废水: metalplating plants印染废水: pulp and paper industries wastewater浊度: turbidity硬度: hardness水质净化: water quality purifies混凝沉淀: coagulate floc
7、culating agent活性炭吸附: activated carbon adsorption隔油池: oil separation tank中和池: neutralization tank调节池: adjusting tank生物反应池: biological reactor加药设备: physical equipment沉淀池: sedimentation tank初沉池: primary sedimentation tank二沉池: secondary sedimentation tank絮凝剂: flocculant混凝剂: coagulate flocculant生物降解: bio
8、degradation生物累积: bioaccumulation飘尘: floating dust可吸入颗粒物: inhalable particles能见度: visibility酸雨: acid rain一次污染物:primary pollutant二次污染物: secondary pollutant氮氧化物: nitrogen oxides硫氧化物: sulfur oxides硫化氢: hydrogen sulfide碳氧化物: carbon oxides硝酸: nitric acid盐酸: hydrochloric acid硫酸: sulfuric acid二氧化硫: sulfur d
9、ioxide除尘工艺: Dust removal吸收: absorption吸附: adsorption静电除尘: electric dust precipitation重力除尘: gravitational settling臭氧: ozone光化学烟雾: photochemical smoke喷淋(洗涤):scavenging土壤: soil热污染: temperature change/thermal pollution噪声: noise放射性: radioactivityEIA: environmental impact assessment矿业固废: mine solid wastes
10、破CAD(计算机辅助设计): computer aided碎处理: processingdesign农 业 固 废 : agriculture solidwastes大气污染控制工程:air pollution control压实处理: reduction in volume水污染控制工程: water pollution control污泥脱水: disposal of the sludge ?固 体 废 物 污 染 控 制 工 程 : solid waste污泥浓缩: sludge thickeningmanagement带式压滤: Belt filter press污染源: pollut
11、ion source离心脱水: centrifugal dewatering同化作用:assimilation筛分: screening固体废物: solid wastes堆肥和堆肥化: compost and composting危险废物: hazardous wastes沼气和沼气化: biogas化学污泥 chemical sludge:热解与焚烧: pyrolysis and incineration生物污泥: biological sludge生物转化作用: biotransformation工业固废:industrialwastes热 化 学 转 化 作 用 : thermo-ch
12、emical分选处理: separation treatment固 化 和 稳 定 化 作 用 : solidificationandcontrolstabilization固体废物处理: processing and recovery资源化: resource处置: disposal减量化: pollution control物 质 回 收 : materialsrecovery无害化: harmlessness物质转化: material conversion固体废物全过程控制: solid waste integrated能 量 回 收 : energyrecoverycontrol能量
13、转化: energy conversion固体废物污染控制:solid waster pollution1. Environmental engineering has been defined as the branch of engineering that is concernedwith protecting the environmentfrom the potential, deleterious effects of human activity,protectinghumanpopulationsfromthe effects of adverse environmentalf
14、actors,andimproving environmental quality for human health and well-being.( 2 页)环境工程学是环境工程的分支学科,其研究内容包括保护环境免受人类活动改造形成的潜在和不利影响保护人类免受不利环境因素的影响持续改善环境质量,以造福于人类健康与福祉。2. An understanding of the nature of the environment and of human interaction with it is anecessary prerequisite to understanding the work
15、of the environmental engineering.( 2 页)了解环境性质以及环境与人类相互作用是了解环境工程师的先决条件。3. Engineers must appreciate the fundamental principles of ecology, and design with the environment , so as not to impact adversely on especially fragile ecosystem 。 For example ,one of the most fragile of all ecosystem is the dee
16、p oceans ,yet ocean disposal of hazardous waste is seriously advocated by some engineers 。 The inclusion of ecological principles in engineering decisions is a major component of the environmental engineering profession 。( 6页)环境工程师必须深入了解、重视生态学的基本原理,并应用生态学原理来规划环境,以免影响较脆弱的生态环境。例如:深海是所有生态系统中最脆弱的环境之一,但却
17、有些工程师极力主张危险废物深海处置。因此充分考虑生态学基本原理是是环境工程职业在工程决策上的一个重要组成部分。4. In a natural state, ear th s life forms live in equilibrium with their environment. The numbersand activities of each species are governed by the resources available to them 。( 11 页)在自然环境状态下,地球上生物与其生存环境之间处于一种相互适应、相互协调的动态平衡关系5.As pollutantsent
18、er air , water ,or soil,naturalprocesses such as dilution , biologicalconversions, and chemical reactions convert waste material to more acceptable forms anddisperse them through a large volume 。( 17 页)6. The environmental engineer uniques role is to build a bridge between biology and technology by
19、applying all the techniques made available by modern engineering technologyto the job of cleaning up the debris left in the wake of an indiscriminate use of that technology 。( 17 页)?7. For only by bringing technology into harmony with the natural environment can the engineer hope to achieve the goal
20、s of the professional-the protection of the environment from thepotentially deleterious effects of human activity, the protection of human population fromthe effects of adverse environmental factors ,and the improvement of environmental qualityfor human health and well-being 。( 18 页)8.The atmosphere
21、 ,like a stream or a river , has natural , built-in self-cleansing processeswithoutwhich the tropospherewould quickly become unlivable for humans 。 Most of theair-pollution-controldevices discussed in this chapter , for bothstationaryand mobilesource, make use of some of the principles involved in t
22、he natural atmospheric cleansingprocesses。(34 页)9. When the various and sundry natural atmospheric cleansing mechanisms are overwhelmed by gaseous and particulate emissions ,the effects of air pollution become increasingly moreevident 。Clothing is soiled ,particles are deposited on buildings and oth
23、er surfaces,plants aredamaged,visibility is reduced , and human respiratory problems are increased 。 To preventthese and other evidence of air pollution,it is necessary to establish control procedures or toinstall control devices。 Buteven withtheapplicationofthe bestavailable technology ,low-level e
24、mission mustultimatelyberemovedbynaturalatmosphericcleansingmechanisms。( 35 页)10. In summary , for treatment of both domestic and industrial wastewaters, new technology ,new processes,and new approaches ,as well as modifications of old approaches, are theorder of the day 。The image today is no longe
25、r that of the“ large concrete basins”,but oneof a series of closely integrated unit operations 。These operations both physical and chemicalin nature , must be tailored for each individual wastewater。 The chemical engineer s skill inintegrating these unit operations into effective processes makes him
26、 admirably qualified todesign wastewater treatment facilities 。( 48 页)11. Some conjecture exists as to a precise definition for physical-chemical treatment。 Althoughother systems might be considered , the only one discussed here is chemicalclarificationfollowed by dissolved organic removal 。 The fir
27、st stage of treatment is designed to provide efficient suspended and colloidal solid removal along with phosphorus removal ; the second operation removes a large percentage of the dissolved organic matter 。( 56 页)?12. Biological reactions may be classified as aerobic ,anaerobic,or photosynthetic acc
28、ording to the predominant type of microbial activity and all three are of importance in biological processes used for wastewater treatment 。 These are several basic principles which are common to all three of these classifications. ( 59 页)13. No city or industry lives in isolation from its neighbors
29、,and this is particularly true of thewaste discharges matter of a community 。 The decision to discharge wastes into a stream affects many communities 。A regional approach to waste treatment can attempt to eliminate ill-advised or irresponsible decision-making 。( 67 页)14. Solid wastes are all the was
30、tes arising from human and animal activities that are normally solid and that are discarded as useless or unwanted 。( 73 页)15. Solid wastes, as noted previously , include all solid or semisolid material that is no longerconsidered of sufficient value to retain in a given setting。( 77 页)16. The overall objective of solid-waste management is to minimize the adverse environmentaleffects caused by the indiscriminate disposal of solid wastes ,especially of hazardous wastes。(81 页)