1、强调句型强调句型的基本结构是：It is/was + 被强调部分(主语、宾语、宾语补足语或状语等) + that/who +句子的其余部分。一、连接词。一般说来，如果被强调部分是人时，用连词that或who；被强调的部分是宾语，指人时也可以用whom；如果被强调部分是物，只能用连词that。It was John and Mike who/that saw Mary in the street last night.It is Mary whom/ who he often helps.It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 二、时态。如果
2、原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is.that.。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street yesterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in th
3、e street yesterday. (强调宾语)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)有时，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许
4、是昨晚做完作业的。三、 强调含有not until的句子。在强调not until句型时，not 位于until从句前，主句谓语动词作相应变化，即it is(was)+not until从句+that +其它。It was not until he had finished the work that he went home. It was not until 12 oclock last night that my brother came home. 四、强调句的疑问句。 一般疑问句式:Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分? Was it you that/wh
5、o broke the window? Was it in the war that he lost his son?特殊疑问句式:特殊疑问词+is/wasit+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余部分?它同感叹句的强调模式极其相似，首先将疑问句开头的部分作为强调部分，套入强调结构，然后再将其变为疑问句。例如：1. Where were you born? Where was it that you were born?2. What did you want to see? What was it that you wanted to see?3. How many people are
6、 being trained for the special work? How many people is it that are being trained for the special work ?。 五、强调句型中的主谓一致。被强调的成分为原句的主语时，that/who之后的谓语动词应与被强调的名词或代词在人称和数方面保持一致关系，从而选用恰当的动词形式。例如：It is you who/that_ wrong.It is I who/that _answering the question.另在It is/was., not.that.句型中，其谓语动词应与肯定部分的词保持一致关
7、系。例如：It is my brother, not I that studies in that school.It is you, not your sister that are in charge of the company.六、感叹句的强调结构，既要体现强调句型的形式特征，又要体现感叹句的自然语序。例如：1. How happy he looks! How happy it is that he looks!2. What a clever boy he is! What a clever boy it is that he is!七、强调句型的鉴别方法及相似句型的辨析强调句型极易
8、与定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句等相关句型混淆，判断的方法是：强调句型中去掉It is/wasthat剩下的部分在语法和意义上仍然是一个完整的句子。如：It was yesterday that I met him. 去掉句中的It was that 该句为：Yesterday I met him. 句意和语法都非常正确，说明这是一个强调句。而其他句型则不行。1. It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. （2000全国卷）A. one B. thatC. what D.
9、it 2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course.（2006上海春季）A. that B. what C. why D. how3. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles. （2003上海卷）A .who B. that C .how D .what4. Why! I have noth
10、ing to confess. _ you want me to say? （2004上海卷）A. What is it that B. What it is that? C. How is it that D. How it is that5. It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. （2004 福建卷)A because B which C since D that6. An awful accident _, however, occur the other d
11、ay. (2000上海卷)A. does B. did C. has to D. had to 7. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.（2006全国II卷）A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before 8. It was_ black home after the experiment. (2004湖北卷)A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt goC. not until mi
12、dnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go9. _that he managed to get the information? Oh, a friend of his helped him. （2005山东卷） A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it10.1) It was 20 years ago _ the two friends met in Viet Nam.2) It will be 20 years _ they meet in Viet
13、 Nam.3) It is 20 years _ he came to live here.4) It was 20 years _ he spent in writing this novel.5) It was not long _ the people in Austria took up guns.6) It was midnight _ he came back home. A. when B. before C. since D. that 宾语从句宾语从句是高考的一个热点，也是一个难点，近几年虽说出现的次数不多，但是不能掉以轻心。一、 宾语从句可分为三类：1. 由连接词that引
14、导的宾语从句。由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 2. 用who, whom, which, whose, what, when,
15、where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈
16、述句语序。例如：I doubt whether our team can win the match. 我怀疑我们队能否赢这场比赛。二、宾语从句考点1. 考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。特别强调：它的主语和谓语的语序是陈述语序，而不是疑问句的倒装结构。Can you tell me who (m) do we have to see? ()Can you tell me who (m) we have to see? ( )The teacher asked the stud
17、ents what they were doing. (思考: what在从句中的成分)陈述句变为宾语从句时，要注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。 例如：She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” She said she would leave a message on the desk.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时,也要注意人称和时态的变化,后面接陈述语序。E.g. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. I asked him where the tickets are.2. 考查时态。宾语从句
18、应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）I thought (that) you are free today. ()I thought (that) you would be free today. ( )【注意】当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。例如：The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.3. 考查连接词的选用1）连词that，只起连接作用，在从句中不作
19、句子成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略。He knew (that) he should work hard.2）连词if、whether，它们起连接作用，在从句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口语中多用if。Tom doesnt know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.He asked me whether or not I was coming.一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.在介词后：
20、It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.3）连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which，连接副词when, where, why, how 它们起连接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意义。The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.I wonder where he got so much money.4. 考查作介词宾语从句。宾语从句
21、除了在及物动词后，也可以用在介词后。They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.You can write about whatever topic you can think of.5. 考查形容词后的宾语从句。 某些像glad, happy, sorry, sure, delighted, pleased等形容词后面跟宾语从句。Are you sure what you will do next?Im afraid that he will fail in the exam.7. 考查不可以直接跟宾语从句的及物动词英
22、语中like, love, hate, dislike, depend on, see to等动词或短语后面不允许直接带宾语从句，通常在这些动词后面加it, 然后带相应的句子。如：I dont like it when people talk with their mouths full. 8. 考查宾语从句的简化。由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，若从句的主语与主句的主语或间接宾语相一致时，可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。I dont know how I should do with the presents. I dont know how to do with the presents.9.
23、 考查宾语从句中虚拟语气。 在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“should+ 动词原形”，should也可以省略。She suggested we (should) leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.10. 考查宾语从句的否定转移。当主句谓语动词为think, suppose, guess, believe, imagine, expect, co
24、nsider等词时，并且主语为第一人称时，时态是一般现在时，从句的否定词应转移到主句谓语动词上来。能够形成否定转移的句子，其反意疑问句的简短问句谓语和主语形式与从句一致。I dont think I know you.I dont believe he will come.典例展示1. As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him. （2005北京卷）A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you come2. Scientists think that the
25、continents _ always where they _ today. （2006北京）A. arent; are B. arent; wereC. werent; are D. werent; were3. (湖南2004)I think Father would 1ike to know_ Ive been up to so far，so I decided to send him a quick note.A. which B. why C. what D. how4. Please remind me_ he said he was going. I may be in tim
26、e to see him off.（2006全国卷I）A. where B. when C. how D. what5. What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me do _ I think I should.（2006全国卷II）A. whenB. thatC. howD. what6. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. （2006江苏卷）A. ifB. whereC. whether
27、D. that7. The shopkeeper did not want to sell for _ he thought was not enough(2005山东卷) A. where B. how C. what D. which8. Mary wrote an article on _the team had failed to win the game. （2005全国卷I）A. whyB. whatC. whoD. that9. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling p
28、leased_ he was a man of action. （2006湖南卷）A. which B. that C. what D. whether10. I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. （2004全国卷）A. thisB. that C. itD. one11. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job. (2000全国卷)A. expected B. to expected C. to be expecting D. expects
