1、虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气语法归纳虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面: 虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用, 以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。虚拟条件句虚拟条件句就就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设 ,所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同 , 虚拟条件句可分为三种 , 即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请瞧下表:例句 :1 、表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now , I would lend it to you、If I were you , I would go to
2、 tell him the real feeling upon him、If I were a boy, I would join the army、If the had time, she should go with you、2 、表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice , he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake、She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy、If he had taken my advice, he would
3、have succeeded in the competition、虚拟语气语法归纳3 、表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow、If he were to be given another chance to do it again, he could certainly achieve more、If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off、1 、虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中, 为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性
4、, 或突出说话人的一种主观愿望, 虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。 有时侯在使用时可省略if, 把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的, 句子则可换成下列形式,即 “were / had / should + 主语 ”。如 :Had I been(= If I had been ) in that situation, I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money 、Should there be (= If there should be) a drought, what should we do at
5、that time ?Were I a boy, I would join the army、Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded、Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain、2 、错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作与主句的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来决定。例如:If we hadnt been working hard in the past few years , things wouldnt be going sosmoothly、I
6、f the Party hadn t led the Chinese people to liberate the country,Chinese people wouldstill live a life in pain and poverty、3 、含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来, 而就是通过某个介词或介词短语( 如 :with,otherwise, without, but for, in that position )、上下文或其它方式表现出来。这种句子称为含蓄条件句。例如 :虚拟语气语法归纳But for the help from you , I would
7、not have had the chance to go to college、I would never mind you making such loud noises, but, you see, my baby is in a deepsleep 、It was so quiet ; you could have heard a pin drop、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用在某些词或短语后接的从句中要使用虚拟语气,表示愿望、建议或命令等。根据虚拟语气的形式不同,虚拟语气可以分为“should 类”与 “过去时态类 ”。2、虚 气用于名 性从句(1) 虚 气在 从句中的运用。“wish
8、 + 从句 ”表示不能 的愿望,译为 “要就是 就好了 ”等。表示 在不能 的愿望 ,从句中的 用一般 去 ;表示将来不能 的愿望,从句中的 用“ would/could + 原形 ”;表示 去不能 的愿望,从句中的 用“ had + 去分 ”或“could(should) + have + 去分 ”。如 :I wish it were spring all the year round、I wish I had known the answer、I wish I could fly like a bird、在表示建 、要求、命令等的 suggest 、advise 、propose 、dem
9、and 、require 、insistrequest 、 command 、 order 等后的 从句中, 用should + 原形或就是 原形。如 :She suggested we (should)leave here at once、The doctor ordered she should be operated、(2) 虚 气在同位 从句与表 从句中的运用。作表示建 、 要求、命令等的名 advise 、idea 、order 、demand 、plan 、proposal 、suggestion 、request 等的表 从句与同位 从句, 从句中的 用“ (should) +
10、原形 ”。如 :虚拟语气语法归纳His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful、My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars、(3) 虚 气在主 从句中的运用。在主 从句中 , 的虚 气用“should + 原形 ”的 构 ,表示惊奇、不相信、理 如此等。如 :It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc、)that we should clean the room every day、It was a pity (a shame
11、, no wonder, etc、 )that you should be so careless、It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc、)that she shouldfinish her homework this afternoon、注意 : 种从句表示的就是事 。如果 人 种事 表 出惊奇的情感,就可用虚 气。反之 ,如果不表示惊奇等情感,that 从句也可用 述句 气。如:It is pity that you can、t swim3、虚 气在其她 合的运用(1) 虚 气在as
12、 if/as though、 even if/even though等引 的表 从句或状 从句中,如果从句表示的 作 生在 去,用 去完成 ;指 在状况 , 用一般 去 ;指将来状况 用 去将来 。如 :He did it as if he were an expert、Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem、(2) 虚 气用于定 从句中。 种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that)中 , 定”从句的 用一般 去 (be 用were) 或 should + 原形 ,意思就是 “( 在 )该 ”。如 :I
13、t s time that I picked up my daughter 、It s high time we were going、(3) 虚 气用在if only 引 的感 句中。如:虚拟语气语法归纳If only I were a bird、If only I had taken his advice、(4) 虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。如:It would be better for you not to stay up too late、Would you be kind enough t
14、o close the door?用于一些习惯表达法中。如:Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you、一、 should类这一类的虚拟语气就是通过从句中的谓语动词使用“should + 动词原形 ”体现出来的 ,should可以省略。其具体运用体现在:1 、在 suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等表示建议、命令、要求、意见的动词后接的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。如 :He suggests that she should leav
15、e the house at once、The leader ordered that the task(should) be finished as soon as possible、He proposed that we (should) deal with the problem by the view of development、2 、与 suggest , order, demand , propose, command, request, desire,insist等动词相对应的名词 suggestion, order, demand , proposal等后的 表语从句或同位语
16、从句中要使用虚拟语气。如:The general sent the order that the battle(should) be held on untilthe complete failure of the enemy 、My proposal is that we(should) set a deadline for handing in the plan、虚拟语气语法归纳3 、在 It is/was suggested (ordered , demanded , proposed , etc、 ) 构以及necessary ,essential, important, strang
17、e, natural等形容 后的主 从句中要使用虚 气。如:Its requested that we (should) keep the stability of the society for the peoples peacefullife 、It is necessary that the badly wounded man(should) be treated immediately、二、 去 英 中 , 有一些 或短 后接的从句或句子 , 也要使用虚 气 , 虚 气就是通 句中的 使用 去的某种 ( 如: 一般 去 、 去完成 等 ) 来体 的。1 、 wish , would r
18、ather后的 从句。如:He wished he had never been involved in such affairs、I would rather you could teach me again、2 、 as if, as though引 的从句。如:The little boy knows so many things as if he was a man、He acted as usual as though nothing had happened、3 、由 if only (要就是 ,那 多好啊 !) 引 的惊 句。如:If only I had passed the test !If only it stopped raining!4 、 It is(about/high) time后的定 从句。如:It is time we went out for a walk、It was high time they had begun to prepare the experiment、虚 气的其它用法在英 中 , 一些表示建 、 求、 告、愿望、祈祷、祝福或 咒的句子, 也需要使用虚 气。如:虚拟语气语法归纳Would you mind smoking here ?
