1、 在条件句中用虚拟语气是表示对现在情况的假设，是一种非真实条件句。句型：If +主语 did (were)，主语 would do 条件从句 结果主句If 主语 + 动词过去式 +其它 主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其它If I were you, I would study much harderIf they had time they would study English too.If I had a bike, I would lend it to you.If I were her age, I would be very active in class.If you t
2、ried again, you might succeed.If I knew her number, I could ring her up.1.如果我是你的话,我就会更努力地学习。2.假如他们有时间的话，他们 也会学习英语。3.我要是有自行车就会借给你。4.我要是她那个年龄，我在课 上会很活跃。5.如果你再试一下也许你就会成功。6.我要是知道她的电话号码，我就会 给他打电话。 例句：I would certainly go if I had time我如果有时间肯定会去的。If I knew German，I would read the paper to you.我要是懂德语，我就会给你
3、读这篇文章。If he were here，we could ask him如果他在这里，我们会问他的。If I were you, I would accept his offer.我要是你，就接受他的帮助。If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.如果没有地球引力，我们就不能行走。 He would attend the reunion if he werent ill today. 他如果没生病，今天会来参加聚会的。 It would be nice if it were a holiday tomorrow.如果明天
4、放假，那该多好。If he had any money, hed leave home.要是他有 钱，他就会离家出走。If I knew English, I should be able to read these English books.假如我懂英语，我就应该 能读这些英语书了。If you were Mary，what would you tell her? 如果你是玛丽，你会对她说什么？句型说明：1.在非真实条件句中 be 不论主语为第几人称，一律用 were.If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 假如我是一只鸟，我会飞到你身边。2.主句中除了
5、 would 之外，还可用情态动词 could, might, should.If I were you, I would (could, might, should) help him.如果我是你的话，我就会（可能，或许， 应该）帮助他了。She might help if she knew the truth. 如果她知道真相，她也许会帮忙的。If he had much money, he should buy it. 如果他有许多钱, 他就该把它买下来。3. 虚拟条件句也可以位于主句之后。You could meet her if you went to the library thi
6、s afternoon.你今天下午若去图书馆，你就会遇 见她。You could have done better if you had been more careful.要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。4. 引导非真实条件从句的连接词，除 if 之外，以下几种连词引导的从句有时也可用虚拟语气：1) unless (= if not) 除非 2) suppose/ supposing ( that) (= if ) 假如3) provided/ providing (that) (= if only) 若.4) even if 即使5) granting / granted ( that)
7、 (= if 或 even if) 即使 6) so long as 只要7) but that(= if not )若不是1) If only I had more money, I could buy a car. 只要我有更多的钱，我就能买一辆车。2) Supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go swimming with us?假如明天天气好，跟我们 一起去游泳好吗？3) Suppose he came, what would you say to him? 假设他来了，你会对他说什么？4) He could not walk unles
8、s he had some help. = He could not walk without help.除非他得到一些帮助，否 则他无法走路。 =不得到一些帮助，他无法走路。5) Even if he were here, he wouldnt be able to help you即使他在这里也不会帮你。6) Nothing could have saved your father，even if the doctor had arrived on time即使医生按时抵达，也无法挽救你父亲。虚拟语气句型 2 （与过去事实相反） 句型 2 是对过去情况的假设，表示与过去事实相反的条件和结果
9、。 句型： If 主语 had done，主语 +would have done条件从句 结果主句If 主语 +had +过去分词 +其它 主语 + would + have + 过去分词 +其它If I had come a few minutes earlier,I should have met him.If you had not studied hard, you would have failed in the exam.If we had found him earlier, we might have saved his life.If he had been here, he
10、 would have helped you.If I had set off a little earlier,I would have caught the train.1. 我要是早来几分钟就会遇见他。2. 你要是没有努力学习，考试 就不会及格了。3. 如果我们早些时候发现他，我 们就会救了他。4. 要是他在这里，他会帮你的。5. 假如我早点出发，我就会赶上火 车。例句：She would / might have come if she hadnt been so busy如果他不是那么忙，他会来的。If I hadnt taken your advice，I would have m
11、ade a bad mistake我要是不听你的建议，就会犯 严重的错误。If Mike had been able to finish his homework, he would have come to class.如果迈克能够做完作业，他就会上 课来了。You could have done better if you had been more careful.要是细心一点的话，你就会做得更好。If the driver hadnt stopped in time, there would have been an accident.如果不是司机及时停车的话，就会 发生交通事故。If
12、 he had come here last night, I would have told him the news.如果他昨天晚上来这里，我会把消息告 诉他了。He could have passed the test if he had been more careful.如果他再认真一些的话，他就会通 过考试。Things would have been quite different if you had taken my advice.如果你接受了我的建议，事情就会大大改 观。 虚拟语气句型 3 （与将来事实相反） 句型 3 是对将来情况的假设，表示与将来事实相反或可能相反的条件
13、和结果。 句型： If +主语 were to / should + 动词原形， 主语 would do 条件从句 主句If 主语+were to/ should +动词原形+其它主语 + would + 动词原形 + 其它If I were to do the experiment, I would do it some other way.If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.If I were to be young again, I should make good use of my time.If you were to
14、 try again, you might succeed.If he should be sick, he would send for a doctor.1. 假若我来做这个实验的话，我会用 别的方法做。2. 万一明天下雨，我们就呆在家里。3. 倘若我再年轻一次，我该好好利用 时间。4. 如果你再试一次，或许就成功了。5. 万一他生病了，他会请医生。 例句：If I were to go, I would be late. 倘若我去，就要 迟 到。 If he did（were to do，should do）it，he would do it well如果他来做，他会做好的。If I s
15、hould see her next Monday, I would tell her about it.如果下周一我能见到她的话, 我就把这件事告诉她。If it should be Sunday tomorrow, I would go to see my friend.明天要是星期日，我就去看朋友。If it should rain，we wouldnt go out.要是天下雨我们就不出去了。You could meet her if you went to the library this afternoon.今天下午你如果去图书馆就会遇见她。If the sun were to r
16、ise in the west tomorrow, I would marry you.如果太阳明天从西边出来，我就嫁 给你。If you should fail in the test, you should try again. 万一考试不及格了，你应该再努力。If Tom should marry Jane, his classmates would be surprised.要是汤姆娶了简，他的同学将会吃惊。句型说明：含有助动词 should 的虚拟条件句，也可用在主句是陈述语气或祈使语气的句子中。If there should be another flood, what shall
17、 we do? 万一再发一次洪水，我们该怎么办？ 虚拟语气句型 4 （错综时间虚拟条件句） 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。非真实条件从句 主句If it had rained last night，It would be very cold today.If I had taken your advice，I should have no trouble with the work now.If I were you, I would h
18、ave gone to the film last night.If you were in better healthwe would have allowed you to join their work.If he had told me about it I would know what to do now.1. 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷。2. 我原先要是听了你的建议，现在工作就不会有麻烦了。3. 如果我是你，昨晚就会去看 电影。4. 如果你身体好一些，我们就会 让你参加他们的工作。5. 如果他跟我讲过此事，我现 在就会知道做什么。例句：She would never have
19、behaved like that if she had some common sense.如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那 样做了。If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.如果他听了我的话，他现在就不会有 这样的麻烦。 If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.假如我有自行车，昨天早就借 给你了。If you had not studied the problem carefully, you would find diff
20、iculty now.如果当初你没有认真研究这个问题，现在你就会遇到困难 。If you had followed the doctors advice（then）, you would be all right now.如果你那时听了医生的劝告，你 现在就好了。If you hadnt finished the homework by now, you would not be allowed to see the film this evening.假如你现在还没有完成作业，就不会允 许你今晚去看电影。句型说明： 错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文
21、可明白看出时间不同，否则就按前面表格中一般时间搭配使用。如：If he had prepared well for his lessons yesterday, he wouldnt have so many difficulties now.如果他昨天就准备好了功课，现在就不会有这么多的困难 。If he had taken my advice last year, he would be a successful businessman now.如果他去年接受了我的劝告，他 现在就是一位成功的商人了。 虚拟语气句型 5 （省略 if 的虚拟条件句） 虚拟条件从句中的谓语动词如果是 had，
22、should，were 的话，可以省略连词 If, 但要将主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。从句 主句Had / Should /Were +主语 主语 + 谓语.Had they time（=If they had time），they would certainly come and help usShould it be fine（=If it should be fine），we would go for an outingWere I you（=If I were you）， I would goWere he to start out today, he would get t
23、here by Thursday.Had he listened to me, John would not have failed.Had I known it， I should have told him.Hadnt my car broken down， I should have caught the train. 1. 他们要是有时间，肯定会来帮助我 们。 2. 要是天气好，我们就去郊游。 3. 我要是你，我就会去。 4. 他要是今天启程，周四他 们就会到那里。 5. 约翰要是听我的话，他就不会失 败了。 6. 我要是早知道的话，我就会告 诉他了。 7.我的车要是没抛锚，我 们就该
24、挨雨淋了。 . 例句： Were I to go to the moon some day, I could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.有一天如果我能去月球，我就会亲眼看见月球的表面。 Should you need our help, just give us a ring.一旦你需要帮助，给我打电话好了。Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday, you could have caught the train.昨天你要是早十分钟到达车站，你就会赶上
25、火车。Were this to happen again, you would have to bear the consequences.如果再发生这种事，你必须承担后果。Had I known your telephone number, I would have called you.要是我知道你的电话号码我就给你打电话了。Had Tom come to the party last night, he might have met Mary.汤姆昨晚要是来参加晚会，他就会遇到玛丽。Had you taken a taxi, you would have caught your trai
26、n.你要是乘出租车的话，就会赶上火车的。Should you fail in the test, you could try again.万一你考试失败了，你可以再试一次。Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 万一明天下雨，我将留在家里。Were I to write the article, I should write it some other way.如果我写这篇文章，我会以另一种方式来写。句型说明1. 在开放式条件句(open conditional clause)和让步状语从句中通常要省略should。在这种情况下，如果 if
27、 省略，动词 be 与主语的位置要倒装。If any person be guilty of a crime, he would be prosecuted.= Be any person guilty of a crime, he would be prosecuted.任何人犯罪，都可能受到起 诉。Whether she be right or wrong, she will have my support.= Be she right or wrong, she will have my support.不管她是对还是错，我都会支持她的。If she be poor or rich, I
28、 will take her as my wife.= Be she poor or rich, I will take her as my wife. 虚拟语气句型 6 （含蓄虚拟条件句）例句英语中有时假设的情况并非由 if 明确表达出来，而是通过一定的词汇手段，句子结构，上下文或其他方式暗示，这类句子通常叫含蓄条件句。 含蓄虚拟条件句We could have done better under more favorable conditions. 假设我们有更有利的条件，我 们还会做得更好。But for his help， I should not have succeeded. 要是
29、没有他的帮助，我就不会取得成功。Without your help, we would not be able to finish the work in time.要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能及时地完成工作。But for his good education he would not have got the job.要不是他受过良好的教育，他就不会得到 这份工作。With your aid I would have succeeded in performing my task.当初若有你的帮助，我就会完成任务的。In different circumstances, I would h
30、ave said yes. 要是在别的情况下，我就会同意了。Without steel, there would be no industry. 没有钢就没有工业。In the absence of mathematics, science would not exist.如果没有数学，科学就不会存在。It would be a mistake not to help him. =It would be a mistake if we did not help him.要是不帮助他，就是一个错误 。It would be a mistake not to adopt a correct att
31、itude towards others criticism.若对他人的批评采取不正确的态度，那将是个 错误。It would only be foolish to ask a man like him for help. 求助于像他那样的人简直是愚蠢。A more responsible person would not have left the work half done.一个责任心更强的人不会工作只做一半。He worked very hard; otherwise he might have failed. 他刻苦工作，不然他就失败了。I would have written th
32、e paper before, but I have been ill.我本来早就该写好这篇论文，但我一直在生病。A true friend would have acted differently. 一个忠实的朋友就不会这样做了。Such an accident could have been avoided. 这样的事故本来是可以避免的。I would be most glad to help you, but Im busy now.A more careful person wouldnt have made so many mistakes.若是一个比较认真的人就不会犯这么多的错误了
33、。Otherwise I might have helped. 否则我会帮忙的。It would be wrong to say that. 那样讲就错了。Only a fool would talk that way! 只有傻子才那么讲！Otherwise I would not have called you. 否则我就不会给你打电话了。I would have come to the party yesterday, but I had to finish the paper.昨天我本来会来参加聚会，但是我不得不完成那篇论文。 句型说明：1. “If it (be) not for ”
34、是常见的虚拟条件句的句型，意思是“要不是”，相当于 but for 和 without。If it were not for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today.要是没有党的领导，今天我们 就不会过上幸福的生活。If it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in our work. 要不是你的帮助，我们就不会在工作中取得 这么多成绩。2. 含蓄条件句可以看成是条件句的简略形式。If we had y
35、our support, we might succeed in performing our task.= With your support, we might succeed in performing our task.要是有了你的帮助，我们就会成功地完成任 务。Even if there were air and water, plants still couldnt grow on the moon.= Even with air and water, plants still couldnt grow on the moon.即使有了空气和水，植物也仍然不能在月球上生长。 虚拟语
36、气句型 7 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）例句 动词 wish 后跟由 that 引导的宾语从句(that 经常被省略)。从句谓语要用虚拟语气表示。主语+ wish (wished)主语+动词过去时 / 过去完成时I wish I were as young as you are.我要是像你那么年轻就好了。I wish I knew his address. 我要是知道他的地址就好了。I wish I could help you. 我要是能帮助你就好了。I wished he would forgive me. 我希望他会原谅我。I wish he had not made so much
37、fuss about it. 我希望他对此不要大惊小怪。I wish I hadnt lost my pen. 我只希望没有丢失钢笔。 例句： 1.I wish it were true. 我真希望那是真的。 He wishes that you would stay a little longer. 我真希望你能多呆一会。 I wish I could have gone to the movies with you last night. 昨晚我若能跟你一起去看电影就好了。 How I wish I had done a better job in the final examinatio
38、n! 我多么希望在期末考试时考出好成绩。I wish he would leave me alone. 他要是不打扰我就好了。I wish she were not married. 但愿她没有结婚。I wish you wouldnt go out every night. 我希望你不要每天夜里都出去。I wish he would come tomorrow. 要是他明天来就好了。I wish it were raining now. 要是现在正在雨就好了。I wish you wouldnt smoke any more. 我希望你不要再吸烟了。I wished I were not s
39、o worried. Then I would not have had the accident.我要是不那么忧郁就好了，那也就不会 发生那场事故了。I wish I were as young as you are. 我要是像你一样年轻就好了。He wished he hadnt done it. 他要是没做那事该多好啊。I wish (that) you would get a good job. 我希望你能找到一个好 职业 句型说明：1.主语+wish（that）主语did（be 动词用 were）+其他 宾语从句中用过去时(be 用 were 的形式) 表示与目前的愿望相反。She
40、wishes she had more money. 她真希望有更多的钱。 I wish I were five years younger than you我多么希望比你年轻五岁啊。I wish I didnt say that. 要是我不说这件事就好了。2. 主语+wish（that）主语 had done +其他 表示与过去的愿望相反。I wish I had written to her. 我要是给他写信就好了。I wished I had won the match我要是打赢这场比赛就好了。3. 主语+wish（that）主语 would/could +动词原形 +其他 表示将来不可
41、能或未必可能实现的愿望。I wish you would stay here longer. 我希望你在这儿多呆一会。She wishes you wouldnt go. 她希望你不要走。I wish I could help you.我要是能帮助你就好了。He wishes you would go with him.他希望你能跟他走。 4. wish 的时态不影响从句三种时间的判定。如果将 wish 改为 wished 其后 that 从句中的动词形式不变。I wished I could help you. 我要是能帮助你就好了。I wished I had written to her
42、. 我要是给他写信就好了。He wished that he were a teacher. 他真希望自己是个老师。I wished I knew how to answer the question. 但愿我知道如何回答这个问题。He wished he had been more careful in doing the experiment.他希望当初做实验时更小心一些就好了。5. 有时候 wish 可以用来表示一种客气的请求。I wish you wouldnt smoke any more. 我希望你不要再吸烟了。I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在能看
43、到他。6. 注意 wish 与 hope 的区别。 wish 与 hope 后面都可以跟宾语从句。wish 表达的是无法实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。hope 表达的是可实现的愿望，宾语从句用陈述语气。I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只小鸟。I hope he arrives /will arrive on time. 我希望他按时到达。I hope you will come. 我希望你来。I hope you will like the flowers. 我希望你喜欢这些花。但是 had hoped 后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，通常谓语用 would + 动词原形
44、，表示过去未能实现的愿望。He had hoped that he would do better in his work. 他后悔没有把工作做得更好。We had hoped that she would change her mind. 我们真希望她回心转意。I had hoped that she would answer my letter. 我原本希望她会给我回信的。虚拟语气句型 8 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用）虚拟语气用于 would rather 所跟的从句中，表示 “宁愿” “但愿”。从句动词用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式表示过去的情况。 主语+ would ra
45、ther(that) 虚拟语气从句Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我宁愿你马上就把这封信寄了。I would rather that you hadnt told him但愿你没有跟他讲过。I would rather that you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Id rather that I were young again. 我要是返老还童就好了。Id rather we had dinner now. 我真希望我们现在吃饭。Id rather you told me the truth.我宁愿你说实话。Id ra
46、ther you had been present. 我宁愿你当时在场。Id rather you didnt invite too many people.我宁愿你不要邀请太多的人。 （参见 would rather 句型） 虚拟语气句型 9 （虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用） 例句 例句：One can suggest that students of English should spend two or three years in an English speaking country.我们建议学英语的学生应在说英语的国家呆上两三年。He suggested that they (sho
47、uld) set up a special committee to look into the problem.他建议他们应成立一个专门的委员会来调查这个问题。The commander ordered that our company (should) start the attack before dawn.司令官命令我们连在拂晓前开始进攻。I demanded that he (should) tell me nothing but the truth.我要求他不要废话，只讲实 情。The dean requested that the visiting scholar (should
48、) give lectures.系主任要求访问学者应授课。He determined that she go at once. 他决定要她马上走。I prefer that you not eat the meat. 我宁愿你不吃这肉。They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱个歌。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance.她坚持要提前预定座位。The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed医生坚持
49、病人做 X 光检查。I suggested that we should set off earlier我坚持我们应该早点出发。The chairman requested that the members study the problem more carefully.主席要求委员们应更认真地研究这个问题。 .Mother insisted that we (should) be back before 6 in the evening.妈妈坚持我们应该在晚上六点前回来。The doctor advised that Mike (should) stay in hospital until he was fully recovered.医生建议迈克住院治疗直到完全康复。句型说明：oo 常用于这种句型的动词有： advise 劝告 ask 要求 command 命令 decide 决定demand 要求 desire 希望 determine 决心 insist 坚持intend 打算 move 提议 or
