1、虚拟语气使用时应该注意的事项,语气,英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。,1.表示强烈与真理相反的虚拟语气句型If the sun were to rise in the west, how surprised these sunflowers would be!句型：if+主语+were to+原形动词， 主语+would/could/might/should/ought to+原形动词。试造句：要是太阳围绕地球转，世界该是什么样的呢？If the sun were to go around the ear
2、th, what kind of world it would be?,2.时态不一致的假设判断以下两句话哪句正确：If I had started saving money then, I would have been able to buy a car now.If I had started saving money then, I would be able to buy a car now.If 从句与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；主句与现在事实相反，用过去时。句型：If+主语+had+过去分词，主语+would/could/might/should/ought to+原形动词+no
3、w/today 造句：要是五年前我遇见了她，今天她可能就是我的妻子了。If I had met her five years ago, she might be my wife today.,3. but for要不是.此句型仅限于与现在事实及过去事实相反的虚拟语气。3.1 与现在事实相反：若非就 句型：If it were not +that从句（一般现在时）/for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词=but for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to+原形动词要不是他努力工作，我才不会
4、喜欢他。If it were not that he works hard, I wouldnt like him.=If it were not for his hard work, I=Were it not for his hard work, I=But for his hard work, I,3.2 与过去事实相反：若非当时就句型：If it had not been+that从句（一般过去时）/for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should/ought to+have+过去分词=But for+名词，主语+ would/could/might/should
5、/ought to+have+过去分词 试造句：要不是他当时借钱给我，我是无法买那本书的。If it had not been that he lent me the money, I couldnt have bought the book.=If it had not been for the money (which) he lent me, I=Had it not been for the money (which) he lent me, I=But for the money (which) he lent me, I,but for可以用without替代，之后仍接名词。造句：
6、要不是他帮忙，我办不成这件事。But for his help, I couldnt have done it.=Without his help, I couldnt have done it.要不是他及时警告，我已经丧命了。But for his timely warning, I might have died=Without his timely warning, I might have died.,4. lest（should）以免 lest为连接副词，引导状语从句。在该从句中，助动词一律用should，而should往往予以省略，但该从句中的动词仍用原形动词。我起早以免错过火车。
7、I got up early lest I (should) miss the train.我准时到达以免他生气。I arrived on time lest he (should) be angry.,lestshould=for fear that+主语+may+原形动词（表现在或将来状况）/might+原形动词（过去状况）=for fear of+名词 试造句：你必须用功念书，以免考试不及格。You must study hard lest you should fail the exam.= You must study hard for fear that you may fail
8、the exam= You must study hard for fear of failing the exam.,5. as if=as though仿佛/好像 as if 或as though 均为连接副词，引导状语从句。使用时有三种时态：5.1表极大可能-动词用一般时态看起来好像要下雨了。It looks as if (as though) it is going to rain.5.2 表与现在事实相反-动词用一般过去时。王先生很爱我的孩子就像他们是他的孩子一样。Mr. Wang loves my children as if (as though) they were his k
9、ids.5.3 表与过去事实相反-动词用过去完成时他当时看起来好像什么都没发生过一样。He looked as if (as though) nothing had happened.注意：as if 或as though后面也可以接不定时短语，表即将发生的状况：She opened her lips as if (she was going) to speak,6. what ifshould要是的话会怎样/要怎么办？表对将来状况存疑的虚拟语气。If从句多用should.要是他来了，会怎么样/怎么办？What if he should come?=What might happen if h
10、e should come?/What could we do if he should come?What if 之后也可用一般现在时，所以以上例子可以改写为：what if he comes?=What shall we do if he comes?/,7.if only要是就好了。本句型只用于与现在事实或过去事实相反的虚拟语气。换言之，本句型只能用一般过去时或过去完成时。要是他现在在这里就好了。If only he were here.=I wish he were here.要是我早点知道这件事情就好了If only I had known it earlier.=I wish I
11、had known it earlier.注意区别于only if 结构。only if 表示“只有才”。如：I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他，只有努力才能成功。 I will only come home if you come with me. （= I will come home only if you come with me.） 只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。,看题：If only I _ to the lecture！A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D.
12、had listened,D,8. wish的用法 wish 之后接that 从句时，一定要使用虚拟语气。如果与现在事实相反，用一般过去时；如果与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。也就是说，that从句里不使用一般现在时。试判断以下句子哪句错了：I wish he is here.I wish he were here.I wish he had been here. wish+that从句也可表示对将来状况的虚拟，主句要用过去时助动词would/could/might+原形动词：I wish (that) I wouldcould go tomorrow.,9.对过去事情猜测的三种句型：9.1 m
13、ust have+过去分词：一定曾经他博学多闻，一定受过良好教育。He is learned; he must have received a good education.9.2 may have+过去分词：可能曾经他看起来很疲倦，可能昨晚熬夜到很晚。He looks tired; he may have stayed up late last night.9.3 cannot have+过去分词：不可能曾经他是老实人，不可能偷了玛丽的钱吧。He is honest; he cannot have stolen Marys money.如果表猜测的结构为疑问句，要用“Canhave?”句型判
14、断以下句子哪句错了：May he have done it?Can he have done it?,四 情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做（但是已经做了） - - - 比较：didnt need
15、to do 没必要做也没有做 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做-,我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的,I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.,10 意志动词的用法意志动词有“建议”、“要求”、“命令”、“规定”、“主张”五大类。这些动词后面接that从句，且从句做宾语时，从句中要用助动词should,而should 往往予以省略。建议：sugges
16、t; recommend; advise; urge(呼吁)；propose; move(提议)要求：ask; desire; demand; require; request; insist(坚持要求)命令：order; command规定：rule; regulate; stipulate主张：advocate; maintain试填空：They suggested that he _ home on time (come).Mary desired that Peter _her nicely (treat).The Mayor ordered that the police offic
17、er _ investigated (be). The principal ruled that no student should _truant (play).,看题：1. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. must C. should D. might2. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be gi
18、ven3. I insisted that we _ at once. A. gone B. go C. would go D. might go,C,D,B,注意：如果suggest表示“暗示”、insist表示“坚信”、maintain表示“坚决认为”时，他们后面跟的that从句用一般时态,也即不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。他话中暗示他绝不是在撒谎。His words suggested (implied/hinted) that he wasnt telling a lie.他坚信这份工作没有一般人想象中的那么困难。He insists (is convinced/is sure) tha
19、t the job isnt so difficult as one may think.约翰确信他曾经见过那女孩。John maintained/believed that he had met the girl before. 看题：Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all. A. hadnt stolen B. shouldnt steal C. doesnt steal D. steal,11. that从句作同位语或表语 that从句如果置于由意志动词变成的名词之后，而与该名词形成同位语或者表语时，that 从句中也要使用助动词should
20、, 而should 往往予以省略。我建议他出国读书。It is my suggestion that he (should) study abroad.- that从句做suggestion一词的同位语=My suggest is that he (should) study abroad-that从句在suggestion一词之后做表语他们提议延期开会。They raised a proposal that the meeting be postponed.- that从句做proposal一词的同位语=Their proposal is that the meeting be postpo
21、ned.- that从句在proposal一词之后做表语。约翰期望有人能帮他写信。It is Johns desire that someone help him write the letter.=Johns desire is that someone help him write the letter.注意的意志动词变过来的常见名词有： suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request,What do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that we _ Mr. Li to t
22、he party？ A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite,D,12. 表示“有必要的”形容词与that 从句表示有“有必要的”形容词，修饰that 从句时，该从句也使用助动词should, 而should 往往予以省略。常见的8个此类词： necessary; important; essential(不可或缺的); imperative（有绝对必要的）; urgent; desirable(合意的)；recommendable; advisable(明智的) 试填空：It is necessary that we_up
23、early tomorrow (get).I think it essential that he _it before leaving (finish).It is desirable that he_with us (agree).It advisable that we_this young man (employ).其实以上句子我们可以归结为这样的句型：it is/was+形容词/过去分词+that从句。that从句里要用虚拟语气。难点在于形容词的判断。而可以用于这样的结构的形容词非常多。再如： 她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so.
24、 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient.,Choose the best answer:It is strange that the little boy _ speak two foreign languages. A. could b. can C. should D. would2. He gave orders that the experiment _ before 5:30pm. A. be finished B.will finish C. must be finished
25、3.He _ you more help,even though he was very busy. A, might have given B. might give C.may have given4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _no New China. A.would be B. has been C. should be D.was,C,A,A,A,5. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. had been B. has been C. was D. ha
26、s gone6. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did; set B. had done; should be setC. should do; be set D. had done; must be set7. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now.are B. were C. would beD. would have been8. You _ come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would B. should have C. may D. have,B,B,c,A,
