1、,do/does,did,will/shall do be about tobe going tobe to,would do,am/is/are doing,was/were doing,will/shall be doing,have/has done,had done,have/has been doing,had been doing,be(am/is/are)+done,be(was/were)+done,will be donebe(am/is/are) about to be donebe(am/is/are) going to bedonebe (am/is/are)to be
2、 done,would be done,be(am/is/are) being done,be(was/were) being done,have/has been done,had been done,动词的时态 - 基本概念,一、一般现在时,例题1 - Youre drinking too much. - Only at home. No one _ me but you. A. is seeing B. has seen C. sees D. saw,主要表示目前的特征或状态、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。,例题2. I bought a radio here yest
3、erday, but it _ work. A. didnt B. doesnt C. wont D. cant,The teacher said that the sun _ in the east.A.rose B.raises C.rises D.is rising,1. I_(tell)him when he_(come) back. 2. We _(go)out if we _(be) free tomorrow. 3. Dont get off the bus until it _ (stop). 4. Please tell me as soon as you _ (finish
4、) it.,在以when，until (till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的动词通常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,will tell,comes,will go,are,has stopped,have finished,但如强调动作的结果，可用现在完成时）,现在进行时和过去进行时,基本概念: 指目前(一点或一段时间) / 过去(一点或一段时间)正在发
5、生的动作.,I dont really work here. I _ until the new secretary _. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has,指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时,2. - When shall we leave? - As soon as I _ what I _. A. will finish; do B. have
6、 finished, am doing C. finish, will do D. finish, do,3. At that time he _ in the library. worked B. had worked C. was working D. would work,as soon as 从句前省略了主句, 时间状语从句中动词强调将来的结果用现在完成时; what I am dong 指目前正在做的事,was working 指 at that time 正在发生的行为,4. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a b
7、ook she_in the office. A. were working; had left B. worked; left C. had worked; left D. were working; would leave,5. - Hey, look where you are going! - Oh, Im terribly sorry. _. A. Im not noticing. B. I wasnt noticing. C. I havent noticed. D. I dont notice. E. I didnt notice. F. I wont notice,对话的后者显
8、然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情,一般将来时,1）will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称强调临时的计划例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2）be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 主观打算或计划，安排要发生的事。例如：I am going to play football tomorrow afternoon. c.
9、有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3）be +不定式表将来，按计划，约定，安排将发生的事（常表示客观安排或受人指示而做的事，句子的主语通常不是安排的做出者。）也表示命令、禁止或可能性 。例如： We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4）be about to +不定式，意为正打算做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. be about to do sth. whendid sth. (正要做某事，这时突然)We
10、were about to leave when the telephone rang.,【例Mary is in hospital.Oh，really？ I didnt know.I _ visit her.A.am going to B.will C.am to D.am about to【例 Mary is in hospital.Yes，I know.I _ visit her tomorrow.A.am going to B.will C.am to D.am about to,The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on
11、 time.”A.will B.are to C.are about to D.are going to,一般过去时和现在完成时,例句：1. Who put forward the suggestion? 2. When did he leave? 3. She often came to help us. 4. I didnt know you were so busy.,以上各句中用的都是一般过去时，说话的人是强调过去某时发生的动作或情况。,5. How many pages have you covered today? 6. I havent seen him for many day
12、s. 7. Ive always walked to work. 8. The students have already left. 9. The city has taken on a new look. 10. Thank you. Ive had my supper.,以上各句用的都是现在完成时，可以看出，与一般过去时一样，现在完成时所表示的动作也是发生在过去（说话以前），但它强调的是： 1）动作从过去持续到说话这一时刻（例5-7） 2）过去的动作对现状有某种影响（例8-10），说话人 强调的是现在如何。,注意:在现在完成时的第一种用法中，时间状语常用 for; since短语，in
13、the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，once，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。 e.g.We havent seen each other for many years. / since he left 10 years ago. 此时（主句）谓语动词不能用非延续性动词。如：* He has left home for many years.（ ） * He ha
14、s been away from home for many years.( ) * He has died since 1990. （ ） * He has been dead since 1990.( ),误,误,正,正,1. - Where _you _ (put) the book? I cant see it anywhere. - I _(put) it right here. But now its gone. A. did ; put; put B. have; put; put C. did; put; have put D. have; put; have put 2. W
15、e havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened,两种时态的比较练习:,3. Hello, I _ you were in London. How long_ here? A. dont know; were you B. hadnt known; are you C. havent known; are D. didnt know; have you been 4. Im glad to
16、tell you that we _ the work in less time than we _ expected to. A. finished; were B. have finished; are C. have finished; were D. had finished; were 5. It _ that pleasant music keeps people from becoming tired at their work. A. finds B. has found C. was found D. has been found,6. When I was at colle
17、ge I _ three foreign language but I _ all except a few words of each. A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten,四. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别,Ive been sitting here all afternoon. 现在完成进行时强调动作从过去持续到现在,而且目前还在进行,可能还要继续进行下去。,现在完成时强调动作的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作
18、的延续。,如： Ive been writing an article. (还在写) Ive written an article. (已完成),练习： 1. - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. “ - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 2. - Have you had any letters from him? - No, I havent, but my wife _ him regularl
19、y. A. has heard from B. has been hearing from C. had heard from D. hears,They _ friends since they met in Shanghai.A.have made B.have become C.have been D.have turned,Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say youwanted to return on September 20？Sorry，I _ myself clear.We want to return on Octo
20、ber 20.(2010北京)A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made,过去完成进行时,过去完成进行时“had been doing”表示过去某一时间以前一直在进行的动作。(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式)：The ground was wet. It had been raining. 地是湿的。此前一直在下雨。At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。She was out of breath. She had
21、 been running. 她气喘吁吁，她一直在跑来着。He gave up smoking last year. Hed been smoking for twenty years. 去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经二十年。,1.He _ the door and after that he had a drink at a small cafe. A. was painting B. has painted C. had been painting D. has been painting2.David and Susan didnt give in to each other, so they
22、 _the whole time they were together.have quarrelled B. were quarrellingC. had quarrelled D. had been quarrelling,一般过去时和过去进行时,比较下列句子：I wrote a letter yesterday.（信写完了） I was writing a letter yesterday. （一直在写信，不一定写完了） I was writing a letter when he came in. (他进来时，我正在写),从以上例句可以看出，一般过去时常常用来表示过去的一个有结果的动作，
23、而过去进行时1）强调动作在某一时刻正在发生2）动作在过去一段时间内一直在发生，无论哪一种情况都不强调动作的结果。,He _ a book about China last year, but I dont know if he _ it. A. wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish,2. Tom _ into the house when no one _.A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped
24、; noticed C. slipped; had noticedD. was slipping; noticed,3. The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields.A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picked C. had seen; picked D. saw; was picking,It was ten years since we _such a wonderful time.A. would have had B. had had C. has had D. had,将来完成时,表到将来某一时
25、间前要完成的行为 ,常连用的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by等。 By the end of 2015 they will have built the factory. We will have finished the work before she arrives tonight. 2) 表延续到将来某一时间的行为 I will have been a teacher for 20 years by the end of next year.,【例】 By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. left,By the time you arrived in London, we_In Europe for two weeks.Shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying,
