1、 八年级英语下册知识点（二）4.11.ed形容词修饰人；ing形容词修饰物。1)amazed/amazing amaze v.使.惊讶2)surprised/surprising surprise v.使.惊讶3)excited/exciting excite v.使.兴奋4)relaxed/relaxing relax v.使.轻松 5)bored/boring bore v.使.无聊6)moved/moving move v.使.感动2.keep的用法（保持；借） 1)keep +形容词 keep healthy 保持健康 2)keep+sth/sb +形容词（宾补：名词、形容词、介词短语
2、） 3)keep doing sth. 一直做某事 4) keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 5) keep sb. from doing sth. =stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 6)How long may I keep this book ？ keep指借（代替borrow与时间段连用） He has kept the book for a week.3.goose n.鹅 （复数：geese)4.imagine v.想象 imagine doing sth. 想象做某事 consider doing sth.考虑做某事 avoid
3、 doing sth. 避免做某事 类似：finish 结束 practice 练习 enjoy 喜欢 5.My family has a dog named Brandy.(过去分词作后置定语) The dog is named Brandy.（被动语态be+过去分词）6.look forward to doing sth.期待做某事（to介词） be used to doing sth.习惯做某事7.protect.from. 保护.免受.的损害Well need our caps to protect us from the sun.8.make friends with sb.同某人交
4、朋友（friends总是复数形式） make a decision 做决定 make a mistake 犯错9.by prep.在.旁边（near);用.,靠. by doing sth. 通过做某事（方式状语）Our school is by the river.They go to work by bus.10. ones 在句子中根据主语变成相应的形容词性物主代词。do ones homework做作业on ones way to+地点 在某人去某地的路上to ones surprise令某人惊讶的是lose ones way 迷路do ones best to do sth.尽力做某
5、事brush ones teeth 刷牙4.21.surprise v.使.惊讶 n.惊奇 To ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是 in surprise 惊讶地 be surprised at 对.感到惊讶2.nearly adv.几乎，差不多（相当于almost)3.a quarter to ten 十点缺一刻 a quarter past ten 十点过一刻4.danger n.危险 dangerous adj.危险的5.No photos.禁止拍照。 No smoking. 禁止抽烟。6.joke v.开玩笑 n.玩笑 play a joke on sb.开某人的玩笑 （=p
6、lay jokes on sb.)7.get in a bus 上车 get off a bus 下车 get in/into a car 上车 get out of a car 下车 get out of. 从.出来8. on the radio 在收音机上 on TV 在电视上 on the computer 在电脑上 on the Internet 在网上 in the newspaper 在报纸上 in the magazine 在杂志上9. wake -woke- woken 醒，叫醒 wake up 醒来（不及物） wake sb. up 把某人叫醒（及物）（代词宾格放中间）10.
7、There be sb. doing sth.有某人正在做某事。 There be sth. to do. 有某事要做。 There is a bird singing in the tree. There is a lot of homework to do in the holiday.11.mean v.意思 meaning n.意思这个句子是什么意思？What does this sentence mean?=What is the meaning of this sentence?=What do you mean by this sentence?12.one of+(the+形容
8、词最高级）+名词复数 .中的一个（作主语时谓语动词用单数）Xiamen is one of the most popular cities in China.13. be famous as.作为.而著名 be famous for. 因.而著名4.31.look around 四下张望 look after 照看、照顾 look ahead 向前看 look back 回顾 look up and down 上下打量 look well 看起来健康 (well adj.健康的） look down on(upon) 看不起 look over 检查 look like 看起来像 look o
9、ut当心 look out of 从往外看 look up 查（字典） look down 往下看 look for 寻找 2.a piece of cardboard一张纸板a piece of music一段音乐a piece of news一则消息 a piece of paper 一张纸3.happen v.发生1)Sth. happen +地点/时间. 某事发生在某地或某时.2)Sth. happen to+人. 某事发生在某人身上.3)What happened to sb.?某人身上发生了什么？4)happen 发生（偶然） take place 发生（有计划的） The mee
10、ting will take place next Friday.4.1)turn over翻转，倒扣（代词宾格放中间） go over 复习 look over 检查2)turn on打开电灯（电视，煤气，自来水等） turn off 关闭电灯（电视，煤气，自来水等） turn up卷起，上翻衣袖，书角等等 turn down关小音量5.show sb. sth.=show sth. to sb. 给某人展示某物6.put-put-put 放 put.into/in. 把.放入. put.on. 把.放在.上 put on 穿上（代词宾格放中间）7.take.off. 把.拿开 take a
11、way 拿走 take off 脱下；起飞 add.to. 把.加到.上8.否定前缀dis-派生而来cover（掩盖)-discover发现like（喜欢-dislike（不喜欢）appear（出现）-disappear（消失）9.enough adj.(修饰名词）足够的 adv.(修饰形容词副词）足够地1)用在名词前，形容词副词之后。2)形容词+enough+to do sth. 做某事足够. The force is strong enough to hold (hold) the water. 空气的力量足以托起瓶子里的水。3)形容词 enough to do sth.=too.to.=
12、.so.that.My brother isnt old enough to look like himself.=My brother is too young to look like himself.=My brother is so young that he cant look like himself.10几个半数词+名词+and a half=数词+and a half+名词三年半three years and a half=three and a half years两天半：two days and a half=two and a half days4.41.surf the
13、 Internet 上网 on the Internet=online 在网上2.use sth. to do sth.=use sth. for doing sth. 使用.来做I like to use the Internet to read about sports and technology. 我喜欢用互联网来阅读有关体育科技资讯。3.I like chatting with my friends online.我喜欢和朋友在网上聊天。 chat with sb.同某人聊天4.plan to do sth.计划做某事（planned) Thank you for inviting
14、me. =Thank you for your invitation. 感谢邀请。5.I like doing research for my homework on the Internet.我喜欢在网上研究我的作业。 do research for. 研究.6.more than=over 超过；多于 Coffee grows in more than 70 countries. 7.in this way 在这方面8.Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Christmas Day 圣诞节 Easter Day 复活节 the Spring Festival 春节 April Foo
15、ls Day 愚人节9.enter v.进入 entrance n.入口 exit v.出去 n.出口 10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 请求某人（不要）做某事 ask sb. for sth. 请求某人某事 ask for. 请求.11.help v.帮助 helpful adj. 有帮助意义的 helpless adj.无用的；无助的 be helpful to sb.对某人有帮助 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事12.celebrate v.庆祝 celebration n.庆祝13.dep
16、end on/upon 取决于；依赖 The date depends on the moon. 日期取决于月亮。14.sell v. (sold /sold) 卖；出售 sell sb. sth.=sell sth. to sb.卖给某人某物 sell out 卖完 buy (bought/bought)v.买 buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物15.In ancient times, there were no books, and people passed on their knowledge by telling stories.Later, p
17、eople learned how to write and make paper. “疑问词+不定式”作宾语4.516.begin to do sth. （began/begun）begin doing sth.开始做某事 17.write down 写下（代词宾格放中间）by hand 用手工18.It takes/took (sb.) some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。It took a long time to write one book.19.With modern technology, it was possible to print books
18、 quickly. 有了现代技术，人们能够快速印刷书。Its+adj.（for sb.) + to do sth.做某事是怎么样的。It was also possible for common people to read books.20.No matter +疑问词=疑问词ever 无论.No matter what you have ,keep on reading.无论你有什么坚持读。21.keep on doing sth.坚持做某事 22.pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物传递给某人 pass on 传递23.He received a gift
19、, but he didnt accept it. 他收到了一份礼物，但他没有接受它。24.grow up 成长；长大when he grows up =when he is older 当他长大后 25.The pyramids in Egypt are famous in the whole world. 埃及金字塔全世界文明闻名。Egypt n.埃及 Egyptian adj.埃及的26. some news 一些消息 a piece of news 一条消息27.terrible adj.糟糕的wonderful adj.极好的Her grandma had a terrible ty
20、pe of cancer.她的奶奶得了一种可怕的癌症. 28.have a dream of 有一个.的梦想travel around the world 环游世界 29.To ones surprise 令某人惊讶的是surprise v.&n.惊讶 surprised adj.惊讶的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的 be surprised at .对.感到惊讶30.You have made my dream come true. come true 实现（主语是愿望） realize/achieve 实现（主语是人）31.advantage n.优势；有利条件 disadva
21、ntage n.劣势；缺点 little-less-least 少（修饰不可数名词）32.be able to do sth.=can/could do sth. 能够做某事（be able to 有各种时态，can现在时，could现在/过去）The Internet makes it easy to stay in touch .make+宾语+宾补(adj.）it 形式宾语(真正的宾语是不定式）33.Spending too much time online is harmful to peoples health. 长时间上网对人们健康有害。be harmful to 对.有害34.a
22、side from 除了. personal information 个人信息 take up 占去4.635.use-useful 有用的 be helpful to sb.The Internet can be a useful tool, but dont let it take up all of your time. Use the Internet properly and carefully and it can make your life more colourful.36.prefer v.更喜欢 1)prefer doing sth.更喜欢做某事 2) prefer do
23、ing sth. to doing sth. 更喜欢做.比起做. 3) prefer . to. 更喜欢. 比起. 4)prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做.也不做.37.used to do sth.过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be stolen 被偷（注意be的时态）be invented 被发明38.write to sb. 给某人写信 hear from sb. 收到某人的来信 I have learned how to use a chat program.Can we set up a tim
24、e to go online together? 我们约个时间一起上网吧。set up 约定；提出；创立39.I did all of my research on the Internet. 我所有的研究都是在网上进行的。40.enter. into the search engine 在搜索引擎中输入.41.I know how to download e-books online. 我知道如何下载电子书。I can easily find my way.(easy-easily)42.amazed adj.惊讶的be amazed at 对.感到惊讶 amazing adj.令人惊讶的b
25、e amazed to do sth.惊讶做某事43. 反义疑问句结构：be/助/情(not) +主语代词？（主数一只；时态一致） 1)祈使句，will you? 2)Lets do sth, shall we?4.71. century n.世纪 in the twentieth century 在20世纪 in the 1980s/1980s 在20世纪80年代 in 19802. the symbol of . .的象征 keep a balance of 保持.的平衡 3.appear v.出现 disappear v.消失4.volunteer n.志愿者 v.自愿做 volunte
26、er to do sth. 自愿做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 wish to do sth.5. at the beginning of.在.开始的时候 at the end of 在.结束时 ending n.结局 at the top of 在.的顶端6. the number of .的数量（单数结构） The number of tigers in the world is around/about a few thousand. a number of. 很多.(复数结构）A number of students like playing computer gam
27、es. 很多学生喜欢.7.in recent year 最近几年cut off 切断 cut down 砍伐 cut up 切碎 8.as well 也（句末）as well as 而且Tom as well as his parents is going to the farm by bus. （as well as 连接两主语时，第一个主语影响动词）9. warn sb. of 提醒某人注意. warn sb. (not) to do sth.警告某人(不要)做某事 get on well with sb.相处地好10. used to do sth.过去常常做某事 be used to doing sth,.习惯做某事 have been used to doing 已经习惯做某事 I am used to getting up early.(to 介词）11. The egret helps the rhino stay healthy by cleaning its skin. stay healthy 保持健康by doing sth.通过做某事
