1、Module 1 Getting the message through listeningI Theory and skills成功的口译首先取决于能否快速准确地获取原语讲话的信息。口译中获取信息的主要渠道是“听”，尽管译员也可能从其他渠道获得额外的辅助信息。学习外语的人一直都重视听力训练，但在外语听力练习中我们一般较多地注意语言层面的东西，对信息的印象也相对零散，一般只要求听懂了并能做选择题或回答问题就够了。口译任务对听力的要求则不同，译员需要在听懂的基础上对信息的整体和细节有全面的把握，以便于能够迅速地用目的语流利、完整地表达出来。能够听懂和能够表达是两种不同程度的要求，后者要求更高，难
2、度也更大。口译理解实际上是一个包含听取信息、理解会意和逻辑分析的快速而复杂的过程。这一过程中，译员不仅要听懂原语所承载的信息，还要对信息进行分析，找出信息的逻辑层次和关系，将信息的全貌和细节有机地梳理整合起来。在表达的过程中，没有外语听力训练中常见的问答题或选择题来提示原语的内容，因此译员脑中对信息要有清晰的思路，这样才能将信息一气呵成，而不会丢三落四，或者说到一半卡壳。另外，在这一过程中，口译员所承受的心理压力非常大，很容易造成注意力分配不均，有时会出现本来可以听懂的内容口译时反而听不懂的现象。要提高迅速准确获取信息的能力，除了要在课内课外加大听力练习的训练量外，还需要采用正确的练习方法。在
3、口译中仅仅听懂了原语讲话还远远不够，听完语音材料后，应该能够不经过准备，立即进行口头大意概述。概述时使用原语，即听到中文讲话用中文概述讲话的主要内容，听英文讲话则用英文概述。听中文讲话用中文概述的目的是让大家在没有听力压力的情况下，锻炼迅速组织材料并进行口语表达的能力。听英文进行概述的目的在于提高听力和外语概述能力。有的同学可能会认为这种练习很简单，其实做起来并没有想象得那么容易，在整理信息和组织语言的过程中有时会遇到意想不到的困难，如信息组织凌乱，语言表达不连贯，有的内容一时想不起来等。概述练习时尽量不要拘泥于原语的遣辞造句，而应该关注整段话的逻辑关系，抓住主干信息。II Skills pr
4、acticeTeaching suggestions: Remind students how to get the message through listening. You may ask one or two questions to alert students to focus their attention on the main ideas, for instance: What are the three bad after-meal habits? Why? (For 1.1) What are the reasons we have eyebrows? (For 1.2)
5、Instruction: Listen for he main idea of each passage.1.1 三种错误的饭后习惯医生提醒人们，随着人们生活水平的逐渐提高，人们的保健意识也随之增强了，许多人认为饭后吃点水果是现代生活的最佳搭配。无论是在餐厅、饭店，还是在家里就餐，许多人都喜欢饭后吃点水果爽口，其实这是一种错误的生活习惯，因为饭后马上吃水果会影响消化功能。医生解释说，由于食物进入胃以后，必须经过一到两个小时的消化过程，才能缓慢排出。如果人们在饭后立即吃进水果，就会被先期到达的食物阻滞在胃内，致使水果不能正常地在胃内消化，在胃内时间过长，从而引起腹胀、腹泻或便秘等症状。如果人们长
6、期坚持这种生活习惯，将会导致消化功能紊乱，因此，人们最好在饭后一到两个小时再吃水果。医生还提醒说，人们还要注意改正饭后饮茶和饭后散步的错误习惯。饭后立即饮茶，茶水会冲淡胃液，影响胃内食物的正常消化。茶水中含有的单宁酸还会促使胃内的物质凝固，影响蛋白质的吸收，从而增加了胃的负担。对此，医生建议人们，在饭后一小时内最好不要饮茶，应待饭后一小时胃内食物消化得差不多时再饮用茶水，这样对消化功能和物质凝固也不会产生太大的影响。“饭后百步走，活到九十九”，这种说法也是不科学的。人的胃在饭后是处于充盈状态的，即使是非常轻微的运动也会使胃受到震动，从而增加胃肠负担，影响消化功能。对此，医生建议，饭后适当休息三
7、十分钟，待胃内的食物适当消化后，再活动较为适宜，这样也不会对消化系统产生太大的影响。 Why do we have eyebrows?Those tiny little hairs above our eyes that many women pluck or paint play a very important role in keeping moisture out of our eyes.Just like an umbrella keeps our bodies dry from rain, our hairy eyebrows keep our eyes dry from rain
8、 or sweat. When its pouring with rain outside or when sweat runs down our foreheads, our eyebrows divert the flow of water or sweat away from our eyes. Our arch-shaped eyebrows angle the rain or sweat around to the sides of our faces, leaving our eyes fairly dry. By catching the water or sweat, our
9、eyebrows not only allow us to see more clearly but also keep the salt in the sweat from burning or irritating our eyes.Eyebrows have other roles also. As one of our most expressive facial features, eyebrows help us determine how people are feeling without having to ask them. If a persons eyebrows ar
10、e drawn in a frown, the chances are that they are angry or upset.What is more, over the years, eyebrows have been having an increasing impact on our concepts of beauty or fashion. Big, thick and hairy eyebrows tend to be considered unattractive, while thin, plucked eyebrows are said to be more attra
11、ctive.III. Interpreting exerciseUS Vice Presidents speech at Fudan University词汇与短语appreciate感谢be delighted to高兴be privileged to荣幸reception招待会，接待会signify意味着，代表了commend赞赏discipline纪律uphold维护，发扬Language tips1. Mr. Mayor: You can interpret it as 市长先生, but if you know the name of the mayor present, you m
12、ay interpret it as “韩市长” to show respect and sound more personal. Similar ways of addressing people by title include “Mr. President” or “Madam President”, “Mr. Chairman” or “Madam Chairperson”. 2. I appreciate your kind words of introduction: 我感谢您作介绍时的友好辞令。”To appreciate” is to show gratitude for wh
13、ats done for you. In the same sense: I appreciate what you have done for us. 感谢你为我们所做的一切。 3. “Be delighted to”, “be happy to”, “be glad to”, “be privileged to”, “be honoured to” are courtesy expressions used to in the opening of a speech. Thank you very much, Mr. Mayor. I appreciate your kind words
14、of introduction. And were delighted to be here today. My wife and I are privileged to have the opportunity once again to travel in China. / We are grateful for the welcome we have received, especially for the kind of reception here at Fudan University. We thank you for the honor, and we bring you go
15、od wishes from President George W. Bush and the people of the United States. /I know that many of you will soon graduate from this great university. I am told the standards are extremely demanding here, and a degree from Fudan University signifies years of hard work and discipline. / I congratulate
16、each one of you on your achievement, and I commend your teachers for upholding the tradition of excellence that marks the 99-year history of Fudan University. /IV Self-study materialInstruction: Study the following words and phrases, then try to retell the main idea of the passage词汇与短语inauguration开业
17、facility工厂distinguished guests嘉宾，尊敬的来宾opening ceremony开幕式，典礼suppliers供货商dealers经销商business associates业务伙伴world-class status世界水平state-of-the-art顶尖的，世界一流的commitment承诺corporate citizen企业公民Distinguished guests,Ladies and gentlemen,Good afternoon and welcome to the opening ceremony of the first GN factor
18、y in China. We appreciate your taking the time to share this wonderful occasion with us today. /On behalf of the company Id like to say a big “thank you” to all of our suppliers, customers, employees and business associates that are here in attendance with us today. /The management team is very prou
19、d of this facility and the very capable staff that has developed and brought this operation up to world-class status. This facility is a symbol of the focus and commitment that GN has made to China. /To our suppliers, we look forward to working with you to grow our business to new heights.To our dea
20、lers, we plan to continue to supply you with state-of-the-art, high quality products that will allow you to support your customers and improve the lives of many people here in China and Southeast Asia. /To our neighbours and friends, we plan to be a good corporate citizen and will work with you to uphold high business standards throughout China. /And last but not least, to our employees, we are committed to providing you with a safe and enjoyable working environment. Thank you all once again for taking the time to share this wonderful occasion with us. /
