1、M5 Unit 3 Science versus nature Grammar 导学案一：学习目标: 过去分词的使用二：知识准备复习一二单元语法：动词ing1 动名词作主语、宾语和表语1）作主语Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语动词后加动名词doing作宾语 V. + doing sthadmit 承认appreciate 感激,赞赏avoid 避免complete 完成 consider 认为 delay 耽误 deny 否认 detest 讨厌endure 忍受enjoy 喜欢escape 逃
2、脱 prevent阻止fancy 想象finish 完成 imagine 想象 mind 介意 miss 想念 postpone 推迟 practise 训练 recall 回忆resent 讨厌resist 抵抗 resume 继续 risk 冒险 suggest 建议face 面对 include 包括stand 忍受understand 理解 forgive 宽恕keep 继续举例：(1)Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? (2)The squirrel was lucky that it just misse
3、d being caught.词组后接doing admit to prefertobe used to lead todevote oneself to object tostick to busylook forward to Its no good/no use doing ,Its worth doing,cant help情不自禁,put off keep on insist oncount on / upon set abouttake up give upburst outprevent from3）作表语Her job is washing，cleaning and takin
4、g care of the children.三学习内容Step 1: General introduction The grammar items in this unit focus on the verb-ed form , verb-ed phrase and how verb-ing and verb-ed are used as adjectives. You will learn that the verb-ed form can be used like an adjective or an adverb in a sentence functioning as attribu
5、te, predicative and object complement. You will also learn how to use the verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases in different situations. Step2: RevisionIn Unit 2 We learned verb-ing used as an adjective or adverb. Can you tell the function of the verb-ing in the following sentences?The teachers encouragi
6、ng words made all the students regain confidence. ( the attribute)The story he told us was very exciting. (the predicative)I watched them jumping from the diving board into the swimming pool. (object complement)Step 3: Explanation(1)作状语：分词作状语时其逻辑上的主语和主句的主语保持一致的情况下，如果分词和主句的主语之间在逻辑上是被动关系时，则用过去分词，否则用现在
7、分词。分词短语也可以有自己的逻辑主语（与主句的主语不一致），这种结构称为独立主格结构。分词作状语可以相当于一个状语从句。现在分词的被动式，习惯上不作伴随状语。注意比较下面的句子：Seen from the space, the earth looks blue. = When it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.= If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will re
8、main fresh.Walking in the street, I came across an old friend.= When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend.After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, being exhausted. (_) After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, exhausted.（_）注意：Her grandfather _
9、 ill, she had to stay at home looking after him. （划线部分为独立主格结构，其逻辑主语her grandfather 与主句主语she 不一致）注意:状语从句省略 (1) Once seen , it can never be forgotten. (2) Unless invited , I will not go to the party. (3) When told the news, he couldnt help crying.Can you rewrite these sentences, using clauses introduc
10、ed by when once ,because, if, unless?(2) 作表语：一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。换句话说，-ed形式常和人有关，-ing形式常和物有关。如：The news was very exciting. I was excited at it. The book is interesting.
11、He is interested in it.The question is puzzling. His look is puzzled.His expression was frightening. I was frightened. 如：delighting令人高兴的 delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的 disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的 pleased感到愉快的satisfying令人满意的 satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的 surprised感
12、到惊异的worrying令人担心的 worried感到担心的tiring令人疲倦的 tired感到疲倦的boring 令人厌烦的 bored 感到厌烦的便于记忆-ed形式和-ing形式作表语及作定语时的区别的句子：I am interested in the interesting book.He was excited at the exciting news.The parents were disappointed about their disappointing son. Mr. Smith, tired of the boring speech, started to read a
13、 novel.(3) 作定语：过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系或过去分词表示的动作以完成；现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。The picture hanging on the wall is painted by my nephew.The building being built is a hospital.The flowers smelling sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.The key to solving the problem is to
14、meet the demand made by the customers. Can you change the following attributive clauses into verb-ed form?(1) We should drink water which has been boiled.(2) They took the woman who was injured to the nearby hospital at once(3) The kidnappers were using a car which was stolen.(4) The dark-haired man
15、 went into the room.(5) The name which was mentioned in the letter was unknown to me.(6) The firemen were trying to rescue the people who were trapped in the fire.(4)作补语：跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, see, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。在复合宾语中，用现在分词作宾补，说明
16、宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 There was so much noise that the speaker couldnt make himself heardWhen he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.Just now I caught him stealing things from the supermarket.Laws that punish parents for their little childrens a
17、ctions against the laws get parents worried. 注：非谓语动词使用条件: 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。并非分词的逻辑主语都要和句子的主语一致。此时的分词短语又可称为垂悬状语。有些动词不定式也可以这样运用。常见的这种情况有：Strictly speaking, smoking is not allowed here.Judging from what he said, he is a southerner.Taken as a whole, there is nothing important i
18、n his speech.To tell you the truth, I dont like English teacher.To speak frankly, I dont agree with you about the case.Step 4: Practice1. Now read the article in Part A on page 49 and complete it with the correct verb-ed forms from the box.2. Read what a scientist and an animal lover say about anima
19、l cloning in Part B and then rewrite the sentences using verb-ed forms.Step 5: ConsolidationI. Multiple choice:1. - Whats the language _ in New Zealand? - English.A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak2. The car _ in Germany in the 1960s looks old now.A. produced B. producing C. to produce D
20、. which produced3. - Youd better have your sports jacket _. Its too dirty.- Thanks. I will.A. to wash B. washed C. washing D. wash4. Yesterday I heard a story _ by my friend.A. told B. telling C. to tell D. tell5. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _as the plane was making a landi
21、ng. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating6. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. A. Exposed B. Having exposedC. Being exposed D. After being exposed7. Generally speaking, when _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A.taking B. taken C. to take D. to
22、 be taken8. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having been written B. to be written C. being written D. written9. Is this the watch you wish _?A.to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired10. _ many times,
23、but he still couldnt understand it.A. Having been told B. Though he had been toldC. He was told D. Having toldII. Translation:1. 这扇朝南的窗户是破的。 2. 我们的班主任是一位受人爱戴的女性。 3. 我今天收到的那封信是我哥哥寄来的。 4. 输掉那场比赛后，她看上去很失望。 5. 从山顶看这座城市时，它看起来很美丽。 6. 那位教授在学生们的簇拥下，兴高采烈地坐在那儿。课后练习：1. 因为是星期天，学生待在家里。_ _Sunday, the students are
24、 at home. _ _ _ Sunday, the students are at home.2.当被问是谁时，她说是李萍的朋友。_ _ who she was, she said she was Li Pings friend._ _ _ _who she was, she said she was Li Pings friend.3.他匆忙赶到车站时，火车已经开走了。He hurried to the station , _ _ _ train had already left.He hurried to the station _ _ _ _ train had already le
25、ft.4看完信，我喝一口饮料就出去了。_ _ my letters, I had a drink and went out._ _ _ _my letters, I had a drink and went out.5. 他上学迟到令老师很生气。_ _ _ _ _ _made the teacher very angry ._ _ _ _ _ made the teacher very angry .6.ONeal works hard.He is often seen heavily before his teammates start.A.sweated B.to be sweated C
26、.sweating D.being sweated7.I can hardly imagine Peteracross the Atlantic Ocean in 15 days.A.sail B.to sail C.sailing D.to have sailed8.Suchthe case, I couldnt help but him.A.being；support B.is；to support C.has been；supporting D.be；supported9.Does the way you thought ofthe water clean make any sense?
27、A.making B.to make C.how to make D.having made10.In order not to be disturbed, I spent three hoursin my study.A.locking B.locked C.to lock D.being locked11.You will find the word “psychology” under “P” in your dictionary.A.have listed B.list C.listed D.listing12.Sandy could do nothing but to his mot
28、her that he was wrong.A.admitting B.admits C.admit D.to admit13.When I caught him cheating me, I stopped things in his shop.A.buying B.buy C.to buy D.bought14.A doctor can expectat any hour of the day or night.A.calling B.to call C.being called D.to be called15.Nearly every great building in Beijing
29、 was built south.A.to face B.facing C.to have faced D.being facing16 .With his son, the old man felt unhappy.A.to be disappointed B.disappointing C.being disappointed D.to disappoint17.It wascomputer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons. A.to have played B
30、.playing C.played D.having played18.And there, almostin the big chair, sat her little brother, who never had to be told to keep quiet. A.having lost B.losing C.to be lost D.lost19.As I will be away for at least a year, Id appreciate_rom you now and then_me how everyone is getting along.A.hearing； te
31、ll B.to hear； tell C.hearing； telling D.to hear； to tell20.The students are forbidden, unless they have special passes, after 11 pm.A.to stay out B.from staying out C.staying out D.not to stay out21.I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time the last bus.A.catching B.to catch C
32、.having caught D.to have caught22.to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin.A.Exposed B.Having exposed C.Being exposed D.After being exposed23.Mike didnt startthe importance of a foreign language till he graduated from school. A.knowing B.to know C.know D.to have known24. Why was a spe
33、cial meeting called? a new chairman.A.To elect B.Electing C.Our electing D.Elected25. Why did Bob weep? He couldnt bearlike that before the whole class.A.making fun of B.being made fun of C.to be laughed at D.being made fun高考真题：1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next
34、 year.A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out2. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 3. As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. （01全国）A. separated B. spared C. lost D. m
35、issed4. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when_ at the meeting by my boss. （04全国IV）A questioning B have questioned C questioned D to be questioned5. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it_ often enough. （05天津卷）A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained6. The rese
36、arch is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begunC.beginning D.begun7. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 8. _ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than
37、a doctor. （05湖南卷）A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed9._ time, hell make a fist-class tennis player. （03北京）A. Having givenB. To give C. Giving D. Given10. The repairs cost a lot, but its money well _ . （05湖北卷）A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 11. Laws that punish parent
38、s for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents_. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry12. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏）A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted13. _ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents
39、reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. （05上海卷）A. Put B. Putting C. Having put D. Being put14. Helen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. （04广西）A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard15. _with the size of the whole earth , the big
40、gest ocean does not seem big at all.A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared16._by the beauty of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 17. When first_ to the market, these prod
41、ucts enjoyed great success. （04全国II）A introducing B introduced C introduce D being introduced 18. The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (04上海）A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded19. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wont have time to _
42、before the party. A get changed B get change C get changing D get to change20. _ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (2006全国)A. Surprising B. Surprised C. Being surprised D. To be surprisingThe family sphere(范围) used to be defined by its isolation from the public realm. There was the pu
43、blic male realm（领域）of rational accomplishment and cruel competition, and the private female and child-rearing sphere of home, intuition（直觉）and emotion. The private realm was supposed to be isolated from the realities of adult life. For both better and worse, television and other electronic media tend to break down the difference between those two worlds. The membrane around the family sphere is much more permeable(可渗透的)
