1、 初高中衔接-句子成分分析 一主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或者一个句子来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用 it 作形式主语。1.The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。2. He enjoys walking in the hills.他喜欢在山里散步。3.Its no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。4.To see is to believe. 眼见为实。5.It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。6.S
2、moking is bad for your health.吸烟有害健康。7.When we shall go back has not been decided yet.我们什么时候返回还没有决定。二.谓语 谓语必须由动词充当，但动词不定式、动名词、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作),行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为及物动词,不及物动词。1.We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。2.She looked after him two years ago. 他两年前照顾过他。3.I shall answer your q
3、uestion after class. 我下课后回答你的问题。4.Youre driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。5.The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。6.He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于1988年9月出国。三.表语 表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，通常跟在be动词、变化系动词、感官系动词和持续系动词的后面，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由名词、分词、副词、形容词、动名词、动词不定式或者句子等来充当。如：1.They are brother and sister
4、. 他们是兄妹。2.He became king when he was only a child. 在他还是孩子时他就当上了国王。3.Her mother will be back soon.她母亲不就就回来了。4.He seemed worried about it. 他似乎为那件事担心。5.My job is taking care of the baby/to take care of the baby. 我的工作就是照顾孩子。6.He seemed to be a teacher. 他看来是一个老师。7.The tower remained standing over there f
5、or thousands of years.那座塔已经在那矗立了千年。8.Thats what I want to tell you.那就是我想告诉你的。四.宾语 宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为及物动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。有些动词还有双宾语现象，如：1.I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。2.Ill appreciate it if you help me.如果你帮助，我将非常感激。3.I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。4.He certainly did not want to j
6、oin them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。5.They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。6.We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。7.Mother bought me a shirt yesterday.妈妈昨天给我买了一件衬衫。五定语 定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。1.His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。2.Mr. Green
7、 has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。3.The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。4.The man downstairs couldnt sleep well. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。5.I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。6.Can you find out the answer to the question？你能找到这个问题的答案吗？7.Would you like something to drink? 你想要些喝的东西吗？8.A barking dog seldom bites. 吠
8、狗很少咬人。9.A man going to die is always kind-hearted. 人之将死，其言也善。10.The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted. 送往委员会的建议被采纳了。11.Do you know the man who is standing next to Mr. Green? 你认识站在格林先生旁边的那个人吗？六状语 英语中的状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，主要由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词充当，或由连词引导状语从句，表示时间、地点、程度、目的、方式，比较、让步、条件、原因、结果、伴随等。1.时间状
9、语I often get up at 5:30 in the morning. 我常常在早上5:30起床。Hearing the news, they felt very excited. 听到这个消息，他们感到很兴奋。Go along this street until you reach the end. 沿着这条街走直到到达尽头为止。2.地点状语Pandas only live in China. 熊猫仅生活在中国。You should put the book where it was. 你应该把这本书放回原来的地方。3.程度状语I have quite a lot of work t
10、o do. 我有相当多的工作要做。4.目的状语Well go to the beach for a picnic this Sunday. 这个星期天我们将去沙滩野炊。He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper. 他从口袋里掏出一些零钱来买报纸。She got up early so that she could catch the first bus. 她早早地起床，以便能够赶上这辆早班车。5.方式状语We usually go to school on foot. 我们通常步行去上学。Please do it as I to
11、ld you. 请按我告诉你的去做。6.让步状语Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy. 虽然她很有钱，而她并不幸福。No matter what happens, I will never lose heart. 无论发生什么，我将决不失去信心。7.条件状语If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the others. 假如你不努力学习，你将落后于别人。Given more attention, the flowers would have grown better. 如果给予更多的关心的话，这些花
12、将长得更好。8.比较状语Your watch is not the same as mine. 你的手表与我的不一样。Mike is not as (so) tall as Jack. 迈克不及杰克高。9.原因状语We didnt go to the park because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们没有去公园。Being ill, he didnt go to school. 由于病了，他没有去上学。10.结果状语The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 风是如此地猛烈，以致于我们寸步
13、难行。He left early, so that he caught the train. 他早早地离去，(结果) 因此赶上了火车。11.伴随状语The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm. 这位医生匆匆离去，胳膊下夹着一个药箱子。The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students. 老师进到教室里来，后面跟着一群学生。七宾语补足语 宾语补足语主要用来补充说明宾语，与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系，可由名词、形容词、分词
14、、不定式、形容词和副词等来充当，一般使役动词、感官动词和ask，tell等之类的动词后面有宾语补足语。如：1.We elected him monitor.我们选了他当班长。2.Tom found the climb quite easy. 汤姆觉得爬山很容易。3.Dont be so formal. Call me Jim. 不要这样正规，叫我吉姆好了。4.Im finished. Lets go now. 我已干完，咱们走吧。5.I have the car waiting. 我让汽车等着。6.We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修理了机器。7.I have
15、a lot of work to do. 我有许多工作要做。8.Cellphones make it possible for us to talk to anyone form anywhere. 手机使我们在任何地方 都可以与人交流。9.I heard Mary singing in her room. 我听见玛丽在她房间里唱歌。10.Please makeyourself at home. 你请随便。八同位语 同位语通常位于名词和代词的后面，对该名词或者代词作补充说明。能够充当同位语的有名词、代词、数词和从句等。1. The Olympic flag was passed on to B
16、oris Johnson, mayor of London. 奥运会会旗交到了伦敦市长鲍里斯.约翰逊手中。2. We both ask her for advice. 我们都向她求救。3. They two went fishing. 他们两个都去钓鱼了。4. We each have a beautiful garden. 我们每个人都有一个花园。5. He expressed the hope that he would come and visit the city again. 他希望能再次访问这座城市。9 独立成分：插入语 插入语常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有：I am sure
17、（我可以肯定地说），I believe（我相信），I hope（我希望）、I am afraid(我恐怕），I guess(我猜），do you know（你知道吗），do you believe(你认为），do you suggest(你建议），you see（你明白），I suppose（我想），whats more（而且），whats worse（更糟糕的是），that is（也就是说），what is important（重要的是）等被称为插入语。1. Who do you believe will be the monitor? 你认为谁应该是我们的班长。2. He made ano
18、ther wonderful discovery, which I think is of great importance to science. 他又有了另一个重大的发现，我认为，它很重要。3. He will win the game,I guess. 我猜他会赢得这个比赛。4. One day，it was said，Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.据说，有一天牛顿看见树上掉下来一个苹果。句子成分巧记歌诀 主谓宾表定状补， 七种成分记清楚。 句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。 定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。 主谓人称数一致， 状语位置最
19、灵活。Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。1We all study hard at English.A. 主语 B. 谓语 C. 宾语 D.表语2Betty likes her new bike very much. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3My brother is a policeman. A. 主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4Were you at home last night? A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5Winter is the coldest season of the year. A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语6He
20、often walks in the park. A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语8He bought me a nice present last week. A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补12He has read the book twice.A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语13They seemed unhappy when they heard the news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语14Do you have something to eat ?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补15We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C. 状语 D.宾补5
