1、语法专题：被动语态 (The Passive Voice)重难点：一被动语态在各种时态中的构成二被动语态的注意事项三被动语态中考真题练习一什么是被动语态？例句赏析： 1. I eat the apple. The apple was eaten by me. 2. My father made the desk. The desk was made by my father.3. People should not throw waste paper here. Waste paper should not be thrown here. 总结： 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
2、英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.Eg: Many people speak English. ( _语态)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者.Eg: English is spoken by many people. ( _语态)二被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be +及物动词的过去分词” 构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。三. 被动语态的用法1. 当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。Eg: This j
3、acket is made of cotton.English is spoken in many countries in the world.2. 强调动作的承受者时。Eg: The boy was saved at last.四主动语态变被动语态的步骤主动句: The boy broke the window yesterday. 被动句: The window was broken by the boy yesterday.步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成_。步骤二：谓语动词broke改为_形式：was broken步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在_的后面。步骤四：其
4、他成分如：yesterday_。五被动语态在各种时态中的构成1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：肯定句：主语+am/is/are+pp.+其他.Eg: Many people speak English. (主动语态) English _ _ by many people. (被动语态)一般疑问句及其答语：Am/Is/Are+主语+pp.+其他?_ English spoken by many people?Yes, _./ No, _.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+pp.+其他.English is _ spoken by many people.典型例题：将下列主动句改为被动句1)
5、We clean the classroom every day. The classroom _ _ by _ every day.2) They plant trees around our school every year.Trees _ _ by them around our school every year.3) We use the computer to send e-mails. The computer_ _ _ send e-mails by us.4) Most people speak English as a second language.English mo
6、st people as a second language.5) Careless driving causes many traffic accidents.Many traffic accidents _ _ _ careless driving.6) Han Hans books are popular. They by many teenagers.A. is read B. was read C. are read D. were read7) What languages _ in that country?German and English.A. are speakingB.
7、 are spoken C. speak D. is spoken2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：肯定句：主语+was/were+pp.+其他.Eg: The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. (主动语态)The foreign guests _ _ a warm welcome by the children. (被动语态)一般疑问句及其答语：Was/Were+主语+pp.+其他?_ the foreign guests given a warm welcome by the children?Yes, _./ No, _.否定
8、句：主语+wasnt/werent+pp.+其他.The foreign guests _ given a warm welcome by the children.典型例题：1) The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _.A. inventsB. inventedC. is inventedD. was invented 2) On June 11th, 2013, Shenzhou-10 carrying three astronauts _ into space from the space center
9、in Jiuquan. All the Chinese people are proud of its successful launch.A. sent up B. are sent up C. was sent up 3) Many houses _ by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless. (2015 广州)A. damaged B. were damagedC. were damaging D. are damaged3. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：主语+will/shall be+pp.+其他.Eg:
10、They will ask you a lot of strange questions. (主动语态) You _ _ _ a lot of strange questions by them. (被动语态)典型例题： The sports meeting _ next month.A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held4. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:主语+am/is/are being+pp.+其他.Eg: 1) Uncle Wang is repairing my bike now. (主动语态)My bike _ _ _ by
11、Tom now. (被动语态)2) They are planting trees over there. (主动语态)Trees _ _ _ over there by them. (被动语态)典型例题：1) Look! The roads now.A. are being widened B. are widenedC. are to widen D. are widening2) A science lab in our school now.A. has built B. is being builtC. is building D. will be built5. 现在完成时的被动语
12、态构成：主语+have/has been+pp.+其他.Eg: Lucy has translated this book into many languages. (主动语态)This book _ _ _ into many languages by Lucy. (被动语态)典型例题：1) Paper money for over a thousand years.A. used B. has been used C. has used D. is using2) Great changes in my hometown and you can see a lot of factories
13、 .A. have been taken place; are being set upB. have taken place; have been set upC. are taken place; had been set upD. had taken place; will be set up3) Come and sit down by the fire. Your hands cold.A. have been feltB. feelC. are felt D. have felt4) We want to sit at the table near the window.Im so
14、rry, but it already.A. has takenB. tookC. was takenD. has been taken5) I _ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be6. 过去完成时的被动语态构成：主语+had been+pp.+其他.Eg: Somebody had cleaned my shoes. (主动语态) My shoes _ _ _ by somebody. (被动语态)随堂练：1
15、. 语法选择1) Every time Tim _ a question, he just keeps silent.A. was askedB. askedC. was askingD. is asked2) Different kinds of information _ by him in this way.A. be learnedB. is learnedC. learnD. are learned3) I cant understand what the book is about because it _ in English.A. writesB. will writeC. w
16、ill be written D. is written4) To my great surprise, the famous athletes story _ differently in the newspapers.A. was reported B. reportedC. was reportingD. reports5) (2016江苏淮安)Aunt Li, who is the pretty girl in red in the picture?Its my daughter. The picture _ 10 years ago.A. tookB. is taken C. has
17、 takenD. was taken6) Were sure that the environment in our city _ greatly through our work in the near future.A. improvedB. was improvedC. has improvedD. will be improved2. 将下列句子变成被动语态1) (2015新疆) They often clean their classroom after school.Their classroom _ often _ by them after school.2) She uses
18、 her computer to work every day._3) Mr. Black wrote an English letter just now.An English letter _ _ by Mr. Black just now.4) People grow rice in the southern part of China.Rice _ _ in the southern part of China by people.5) The great director makes wonderful new movies._六. 情态动词的被动语态概念：含情态动词的被动语态说明某
19、个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。构成：主语情态动词(can, may, must, need, should等) +be+pp.其他. 分别表示“能够被”，“可以被”，“必须被”，“需要被”，“应该被”等。Eg: I must do this work at once. (主动语态)This work _ _ _ by me at once. (被动语态)_ this work _ _ at once? (被动语态)典型例题：1) Teenagers allowed to drive.A. should not beB. should be notC. not should be2) Cla
20、rk, your room is really in a mess. It needs _.Sorry, mum. Ill do it at once.A. clean B. cleaned C. to cleanD. to be cleaned3) With the help of the people around China, many beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake-hit area in Sichuan.A. can see B. can be seen C. will see七. 被动语态的注意事项1
21、. There be结构没有被动语态。2. 主动句中宾语是反身代词的没有被动语态。3. 不及物动词，连系动词及短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有: happen, appear, stay, break out, take place, belong to, come true, come out等。Eg: The famous writers new book will come out soon.4. 有些不及物动词加介词构成及物动词短语，如果变成被动语态, 不能把动词后的介词丢掉。Eg: He looks after his younger sister.His younger sister
22、 is _ by him.5. 主语是感觉的对象，动词表示给人以什么样的感觉，如: smell (闻起来)，taste (尝起来)，feel (摸起来)，look (看起来)，sound(听起来)通常用作连系动词，后面用形容词作表语，不用于被动语态。Eg: The silk feels soft.典型例题：This pair of shoes _ hand, and it _ very comfortable.A. is made with; is felt B. are made from; is feltC. are made of; feels D. is made by; feels6
23、. 不定式在形容词后做状语时构成be+adj.+to do结构时，不定式不用于被动语态。常见的形容词有easy, hard, difficult等。 Eg: The question is easy to answer.7. 在require, need等后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义，也可以用不定式被动语态。 Eg: My old bike needs _. =My old bike needs to be repaired.8. 有些动词（如感官动词和使役动词）后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。Eg: 1) We heard him singing in h
24、is room just now. He was heard _ in his room just now.2) The great news made her feel happy. She was made _ happy by the great news.典型例题：If you see the cartoon film, you will _ laugh.A. be made B. be made to C. make to D. make 9. 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态：A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, te
25、ach, tell, show等。1) He gave me the book just now._ _ was given to me (by him) just now. = _ was given the book (by him) just now.2) They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. _ _ were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building.= _ _ was shown the passports b
26、y them at the entrance to the building.B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等。1) He wrote her a letter. _ _ was written to her.2) My mother made me a skirt. _ _ was made (for me) by my mother.随堂练：1. 语法选择1)Its difficult to get to the other side of the river.I think a
27、 bridge _ over the river so that people can get the other side easily.A. should be built B. should buildC. may build D. may be built2)How often do I need to water the flowers?They _ every day, or they will wither (枯萎).A. must waterB. mustnt waterC. must be wateredD. mustnt be watered3) The dictionar
28、y may _ for three weeks.A. keepB. be keptC. borrowD. be borrowed4) (2016广西来宾) The teenagers _ to choose their own clothes.A. allowB. allowed C. are allowing D. should be allowed5) (2016湖北孝感) Whats the meaning of the activity “Lets save”?Paper shouldnt _ in everyday life.A. wasteB. wastedC. be wasted
29、D. is wasted2. 将下列句子改为被动句1) We should help Mary with swimming.Mary _ _ _ with swimming by us.2) His hair is too long. He should have it cut.His hair is too long. It _ _ _.3) Dad bought me an MP5 player a few days ago.An MP5 player _ _ _ _ a few days ago by Dad.4) My aunt gave me a book on my birthda
30、y.a. I _ _ a book on my birthday by my aunt.b. A book _ _ _ me on my birthday by my aunt.5) Yesterday I noticed Jim play soccer in the yard.Yesterday Jim _ _ _ _ _ in the yard by me.被动语态大演练一. 将下列主动句改为被动句1. They write business letters in English.Business letters _ _ _ English by them.2. They make com
31、puters in the USA.Computers _ _ in the USA by them.3. They grow rice in South China.Rice _ _ in South China by them.4. He often sees the boys from Class 3 play football on the playground.The boys from Class 3 _ often _ _ _ football on the playground. 5. I often hear her sing in the classroom.She _ o
32、ften _ _ _ in the classroom.6. They built the bridge three years ago. The bridge _ _ by them three years ago.7. Tom broke the glass just now. The glass _ _ _ Tom just now.8. Two small boys ate the big fish a moment ago. The big fish _ _ by two small boys a moment ago.9. They spoke to the old people
33、politely just now. The old people _ _ _ politely by them just now. 10. Her father bought her a new bike last week.A new bike _ _ _ her by her father last week.11. We saw many children play games in the playhouse.Many children _ _ _ _ games in the playhouse by us.12. The story made us laugh. We _ _ _
34、 _ by the story. 13. They watched him surf in Hawaii three months ago.He _ _ _ _ in Hawaii three months ago.14. Teachers must take good care of the students. The students _ _ _ good care of by the teachers.15. You mustnt put your bike here.Your bike _ _ _ here.16. You must correct the mistakes at on
35、ce. The mistakes _ _ _ at once.17. They should cut the meat into small pieces. The meat _ _ _ into small pieces.18. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.Our classroom _ _ _ clean and tidy.19. We must stop people from cutting down the trees.People _ _ _ from cutting down the trees.20. Nobody can
36、 answer the question.The question _ _ _ by anybody.21. People have visited the moon already.The moon _ _ _ by people already.22. China has sent up man-made satellites into space already.Man-made satellites _ _ _ _ by China already.23. We have beaten the Japanese team.The Japanese team _ _ _ by us.24
37、. The policeman has caught the robbers already.The robbers _ _ _ by the policeman already.2. 2011-2015中考链接1. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discuss C. is going to be discussed D. has been discussed2. The old man was quite weak after the accident, so he _.A. must look after B
38、. must be taken care C. must be looked after D. must take care of 3. All the new words _ up in the dictionary yet.A. have looked B. havent looked C. have been looked D. havent been looked4. There was no room for you. All the seats _.A. are taken B. was taken C. had taken D. had been taken 5. A model
39、 ship _ his son by Mr. More.A. was made for B. was made to C. made forD. makes for6.Dad, please open the door, it _. OK, dear. I am coming. A. locked B. locksC. is locked D. was locked7. This kind of sweater _ very soft.A. is felt B. feels C. feel D. is feeling8. Have all the students known that our
40、 class will visit the factory this afternoon? Yes. Every student _ about it.A. told B. has told C. was told D. tells9. The cake _ delicious.A. smell B. is smelled C. is smellingD. smells10. My father has given up smoking since he _ on.A. will operate B. will be operated C. operatedD. was operated 11. A new school _ these days.A. is building B. is bu
