1、 1 / 6一、被动语态的构成形式1. 被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由 be过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以 do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1) am/is/are +done (过去分词 ) 一般现在时例 visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 现在完成时例 all the preparations for the task havebeen completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /a
2、re being done 现在进行时例 a new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时例 i was given ten minutes to decide whether ishould reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 by the end of last year, another newgymnasium had been completed in beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时例 a meeting was being held w
3、hen i was there.7） shall/will be donebe going to be donebe about to be done/ be to be done 一般将来时例 hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factorycloses.8） shouldwould be donewaswere going to be donewaswere about to be done2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式1) 带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例 the baby should be taken good care
4、of2 / 6by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 his mother gave him a present for hisbirthday. 可改为 he was given a presentby his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+ 宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 someone caught the boy smoking aciggarette. 可改为 t
5、he boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词 have, make,let 以及感官动词 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe 等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例 someone saw a stranger walk into thebuilding. 可改为 a stranger was seen to walkinto the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词” ， “动词副词” 等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它
6、们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例 the meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例 i dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 it is said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say,suppose, think 等可以用于句型“itbe 过去分词that 从句”或“主语be过去分
7、词 to do sth.”。有：it is said that 据说,it is reported that据报道，it is believed that大家相信，it ishoped that大家希望，it is well known3 / 6that众所周知，it is thought that大家认为，it is suggested that 据建议。 例 it is said that the boy has passed thenational exam.（the boy is said to have passed thenational exam. ）三、被动语态与系表结构的区别
8、当“be+过去分词” 作被动语态时表示主语承受的动作；作系表结构时表示主语的特点或所处的状态时，be 后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词。其区分办法如下：1如果强调动作或句中有介词 by 引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 the glass is broken （系表结构）the glass was broken by the boy （被动语态）2如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 the door is locked （系表结构）the door has already/just been locked （被动语态）3被动语态除用于一般时态和完成
9、时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词 be 只有一般时态和完成时态。例 the machine is being repaired被动语态基础练习选择题1.our house_, a . is getting paint b . is getting painted c . is got painted d . has got to paint2.he arrived in beijing, where he_his friend . a . was met by b . was met c . was meeting d . met by 3.the war_in 1937
10、a . was broken out b . had been broken out c . has broken out d . broke out 4.the mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. a . cross b . be crossing c . be crossed by d . cross by 5.my brother and i have _her birthday party. a . been invited b . been invited for c . invited to d . been invited to
11、 4 / 66.it_this way a . is had to do b . is had to be done c . had to be done d . has to do 7.it_this way. a used to do b . used to be done c . is used to do d . is used to doing 8._chaplin. a . the childs name was called b . the childs name calls c . the child calls d . the child is named 9.the spo
12、rts meeting_ . a . is put off b . is to put off c . is to be put off d . puts off 10.mary realized she_ a . was making fun of b . was made fun c . was being made fun of d . was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way a . it is considers wrong b . it is considered wrong c . it is considered its
13、 wrong d . it is consiedring wrong 12.he ordered that the books_at once. a . would be printed b . would print c . be printed d . print 13.the story_in china . a . was taken place b . was happened c . took place d . has been taken place 14.the house_my parents a . is belong to b . belong to c . belon
14、gs to d . is belonged to 15.he_by his teacher. a . happened to see b . was happened to see c . happened to be seen d . was happened to be seen 16.great changes_in our province.many tall buildings. a . have been taken place, have been set up b . have taken place, have been set up c . have been taken
15、place, have been set up d . were taken place, were set up 17.the halls_but its not yet_with lamps. 5 / 6a . furnished, finished b . been finished, been furnished c . being finished, being furnished d . set up, full 18.the new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? a . can it see b . c
16、an it be seen c . can it seen d . can see 19.as soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. a . had already taken off b . already took off c . was already taking off d . was already taken off 20. some of the hotels in my hometown_. a . have now been rebuilding b . are now rebuilding c .
17、are now being rebuilt d . are rebuilt now 21. if city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinner a . are not kept；will have to b . are not kept；have c . do not keep；will have to d . do not keep；have to22. the fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and
18、perfected now. a . developed b . have developed c . are being developed d . will have been developed 23. - _ the sports meet might be put off - yes，it all depends on the weather a . ive been told b . ive told c . im told d . i told 24. i need one more stamp before my collection _. a . has completed
19、b . completes c . has been completed d . is completed 25. rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear fromthe earth in the near future. a . cut b . are cut c . are being cut d . had been cut 26. the new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month. a . has been designed b . had
20、 been designedc . was designed d . would be designed 27.when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. a . breaks b . has broken c . was broken d . had been broken 28. great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _. a . have been taken place; have been set up b . have taken
21、 place; have been set up6 / 6c . have taken place; have set up d . were taken place; were set up 29. that suit _ over 60 dollars. a . had costed b . costed c . is costed d . cost 30. - look! everything here is under construction. - whats the pretty small house that _ for? a . is being built b . has
22、been built c . is built d . is building 31.- do you like the material? - yes, it _ very soft. a . is feeling b . felt c . feels d . is felt 32. it is difficult for a foreigner _ chinesea . write b . to write c . to be written d . written 33. i have no more letters _ ，thank you a . to type b . typing
23、 c . to be typed d . typed 34. take care! dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily. a . wont wash out b . wont be washed out c . isnt washed out d . isnt washing out 35. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _. a . be put up b . give in c . be turned on
24、d . go out 36. the computers on the table _ professor smith. a . belongs b . are belonged to c . belongs to d . belong to 37. - what do you think of the book? -oh, excellent. its worth _ a second time. a . to read b . to be read c . reading d . being read 38. the squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. a . catching b . to be caught c . being caught d . to catch 39. this page needed _ again. a . being checked b . checked c . to check d . to be checked 40. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises a . having taught b . having been taught c . taught d . teaching
