1、Unit 1 Section ALove and logic: The story of a fallacyObjectives： To talk about love and logic To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the narrative essay writing skillContents Warming-up Activities Text Study Language Application SummaryWarming-up ActivitiesLead-i
2、n1. What do you know about logic?When it comes to making a choice, many people tend to use rational and logical reasoning;Males are more rational than females; 2. Do you think it is possible to deal with life in a completely rational and logical way?Rational world is not necessarily a wonderful one;
3、Rational individuals can make choices that are bad news for others;It is ridiculous to deal with love in a logical way.Pre-reading Activities1. The following are some statements to test your reasoning ability. Tell whether the conclusions after the word “Therefore” are true (T), false (F), or uncert
4、ain (U). Write your answer on the line before each statement.number statements True or false1 All odd numbers are integers (整数). All even numbers are integers. Therefore, all odd numbers are even numbers.2 There are no dancers that arent slim and no singers that arent dancers. Therefore, all singers
5、 are slim. 3 A toothpick (牙签 ) is useful. Useful things are valuable. Therefore, a toothpick is valuable.Three pencils cost the same as two erasers. Four erasers cost the same as one ruler. Therefore, pencils are more expensive than rulers.5 Class A has a higher enrollment than Class B. Class C has
6、a lower enrollment than Class B. Therefore, Class A has a lower enrollment than Class C.6 A fruit basket contains more apples than lemons. There are more lemons in the basket than oranges. Therefore, the basket contains more apples than oranges.7 Taking the train across town is quicker than taking t
7、he bus. Taking the bus across town is slower than driving a car. Therefore, taking the train across town is quicker than driving a car.8 All the tulips in Zoes garden are white. All the roses in Zoes garden are yellow. Therefore, all the flowers in Zoes garden are either white or yellow.2. Listen to
8、 a short passage on logic, and fill in the missing information.Cultural Background- Logic and Fallacy 1. What is a fallacy? And how is it used?An error in reasoning that renders an argument logically invalid;By accident or design, logical fallacies are often used in debate or propaganda; To mislead
9、people;To distract people from the real issue for the purpose of winning an argument. 2. How many types of fallacy do you know?Red Herring (转移话题)/Begging the Question(循环论证)/Slippery Slope (滑坡谬误)/Bandwagon (从众谬误 )/False Dilemma (伪两难谬误)/False Cause (post hoc) (假因谬误)/Ad Hominem ( 人身攻击)/Appeal to Author
10、ity (诉诸权威)/Dicto Simpliciter (绝对判断)/Hasty Generalization (草率结论)/Ad Misericordiam (文不对题)/False Analogy (错误类比)Text Study1. Main idea and structure What did the narrator do with his roommate Rob? (Para.1)They made a deal that the narrator gives Rob his leather jacket, and Rob, in exchange, gives the na
11、rrator his girlfriend. Why did the narrator want to have Polly as his girl friend? (Paras. 2-3)Pretty, well-off, radiant;The right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer;Help the narrator in his competition with other applicants to some elite law firms. Part I Paras. 13The aut
12、hor sets the scene of the story by providing information about the four “wh-” words: who, where, what, and why. “Who” refers to the narrator, his roommate Rob, and the beautiful girl Polly. “Where” refers to . “What” and “why” refer to what to do and why to do it: The narrator decides to make Polly
13、“ ” because as a promisingly brilliant lawyer, he wants to have a girlfriend who is not only beautiful but also intelligent. Part II Paras. 4-25The narrator tries to help Polly become smarter by giving her lessons in logic. Altogether he spends five nights teaching Polly four logical fallacies , nam
14、ely, Dicto Simpliciter,Hasty Generalization , Ad Misericordiam, False Analogy. Part III Paras. 26-43When asked to be the narrators girl friend, Polly refutes his arguments with the exact logical fallacies taught by him and refuses by making full disclosure that she is dating the narrator simply beca
15、use it is a trick she and Rob have decided to play on him in order to get his leather jacket .2. Structure of the text.Introduction to the storyThe narrator and Rob make a deal: the exchange of a leather jacket for Polly. (Para. 1)Polly has some basic qualities to be the girlfriend of a lawyer.(Para
16、. 2)Polly needs to be made more intelligent. (Para. 3)Body (Development of the story)Why logic is important (Para. 4-8)The first logical fallacy taught to Polly: Dicto Simpliciter (Paras. 9-11)he second logical fallacy taught to Polly: Hasty Generalization (Paras. 12-15)The third logical fallacy tau
17、ght to Polly: Ad Misericordiam (Paras. 16-21)The fourth logical fallacy taught to Polly: False Analogy (Paras. 22-25)Climax & End“We make a pretty good couple.”Hasty Generaliza-tion. (Paras. 26-30)“You dont have to eat a whole cake to know its good.”False Analogy. (Paras. 31-32)“Please say youll go
18、out with me. Im nothing without you.” Ad Misericordiam. (Paras. 33-35)“You know the things you learn in school dont have anything to do with real life.”Dicto Simpliciter. (Paras. 36-37)Climax of the story: Polly refuses to be the narrators girlfriend. (Paras. 38-43)3. Summary of the text4. Practical
19、 phrasesPractical Phrases Specific Meanings Examples1. In exchange for 作为对的交换 In exchange for a peaceful environment for the future generations, our revolutionary predecessors shed their blood and even sacrificed their precious lives. 2. Set a date for 为定日期 In order to achieve success, one had bette
20、r start immediately rather than set dates for his/her efforts.3. Appeal to 唤起；吸引 This university boasts many world-famous experts, professors, and the worlds best research library, therefore, it appeals to students and researchers Love and logic: The story of a fallacyMy roommate Rob made a pact wit
21、h me that hed give me his girlfriend Polly in exchange for my jacket. And I agreed.Polly had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer like myself. She was pretty, well-off, and radiant. Still, I want to dispense her enough pearls of wisdom to make her “well-spoken”. So
22、 I tried my best to teach her such logical fallacies as Dicto Simpliciter, Hasty Generalization, Ad Misericordiam, and False Analogy. After five nights of diligent work, I actually made a logician out of Polly. She was an analytical thinker at last. When I asked her to develop our relationship into
23、a romantic one, however, she refuted my arguments as those logical fallacies I had taught her! And she refused my proposition by making full disclosure: She liked Rob in leather, therefore, she had told him to make the pact with me so that Rob could have my jacket .from all over the world.4. make/dr
24、aw an analogy between在之间作类比 We often make an analogy between studying and climbing a mountain: both of them require great efforts before you can reach the top.5. Make sth. out of sb./sth. 使变成The aim of the military academy is to make qualified officers out of the young cadets after four years study
25、and training.6. Give sb. the axe 抛弃（恋人）；解雇 If you continue playing your precious college years away, success will give you the axe upon graduation.7. Be dripping with 满是 Though the beautiful lady is dripping with jewels, her words and actions are dripping with vulgarity and rudeness.5. Functional pa
26、tternsFunctional Patterns Functions & Usages Examples1. If sb. could do , sb. just mightdo 用于表达“假设”如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competi
27、tion.2. Sb. never/seldom do Insteadsb. do 用于表达“强调” 如果你能好好利用现有的一切而不是幻想你所没有的，你很可能已经取得巨大的成功了。If you could make the best of what you have instead of dreaming of what you dont have, you just might have already achieved great success.Critical thinking:What does the story tell us about love? And what does
28、it tell us about smart people?Can you think of a logical fallacy you have committed? Why is it a fallacy and what caused it?3. Look at , look at . Can you do ?用于表达“对比”看看我，一个聪明过人的学生，一个不同凡响的学者，一个前途无量的人。再看看罗伯，一个肌肉发达的蠢材，一个有了上顿没下顿的家伙。你是否能给我一个充足的理由，为什么要选择跟他？”Look at me, an ingenious student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Rob, a muscular idiot, a guy wholl never know where his next meal is coming from. Can you give me one good reason why you should be with him?”
