1、英语句子的基本句型,句子种类两种分类法,按句子的用途可分四种： 1）陈述句（肯定、否定）： He is six years old. 2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Mary can swim, cant she? 3）祈使句：Be careful, boys. Dont talk in class. 4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!,按句子的结构可分三种：,1）简单句： 2) 并列句： 3）复合句：,1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He ofte
2、n reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。He worked hard all his life. (划线部分在句中作状语，修饰动词worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Mi
3、ddle School. (划线部分在句中作定语，修饰名词student),2) 并列句： 句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。 e.g. You help him and he helps you.The future is bright; the road is tortuous.,并列句的分类,1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等连接。 e.g. The teachers name is
4、Smith, and the students name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, eitheror, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, 等。
5、 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。 从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句和同位语从句）定语从句和状语从句等。句型 主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,1. We often study Chinese history
6、 on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,简单句,复合句,简单句,4. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.5. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.6. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come ba
7、ck home at seven in the evening.,并列句,复合句,简单句,7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，
8、但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： + （主谓）基本句型二： +link- + （主系表）基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）,基本句型 一 +（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,基本句型 二 +link- +（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句
9、子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类： (1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。 (2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等,基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。
10、这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 四 + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。,基本句型 五 + + +（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,典型例题分析,1.They work hard.主 + 谓 2.The flower is dead.主 + 系 + 表 3.
11、Plants need water.主 + 谓 + 宾 4.He gives me some seeds.主 + 谓 +间宾+直宾 5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补 6.Many animals live in trees.主 + 谓,5.The palaces were large and beautiful. 主+系+表 6.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting are some of the more unusual events. 主+系+表,8.I will pick up rubbish from the ground. 主+谓+宾 9.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse. 主+谓+宾 10.I will tell my friends to protect the environment. 主+谓+宾+宾补,
