1、Lesson 2,The Architectural Charting Drawing Recognition and Fundamentals of CAD,CAD-Computer Aided Design,The Architectural Charting and DrawingRecognition,The architectural engineering plat is one kind of the engineering plat, which is used to express the shape, size, material, structure, construct
2、ion mode of the building as well as the specification and so on1. It is not only an important tool to express design intentions, exchange technology thoughts, but also an important technical document to instruct technical work such as production, construction, management and so on.,architectural eng
3、ineering plat 建筑工程图样 structure 结构，构造 construction 建设，施工,“The architectural charting and drawing recognition” is the theory and method that studies drawing and reading of the architectural engineering plat, and also is the main technological curriculum that raises senior engineering applied talents i
4、n product line for related majors.The primary coverage of this curriculum includes: elementary knowledge and skill of charting, projection charting and the architectural engineering plat and so on.,architectural charting and drawing recognition 建筑工程制图与识图 projection charting 投影制图 curriculum 课程,The pr
5、ojection phenomenon refers to that if a object is irradiated under the sunlight or lamplight, it will leave a shadow on the ground or on the wall. By scientifically and abstractedly summarizing the relationship between object and shadow in the long-term production practice, people sum up the method
6、of projection. The projection is widely used to express the object in the engineering circle, so as to realize the interconvertion between three-dimensional objects and two-dimensional objects.,First, Projection charting The concept of projection,projection phenomenon 投影现象 three-dimensional 三维,Three
7、 basic elements that the projection must have are the projection line, the object, the projecting plane.,Fig 2.1 Projection process,Projections commonly used in the project are three-plane projection drawing, the axonometric drawing and the perspective drawing .,（a）three-plane projection drawing,（b）
8、axonometric drawing,（c）perspective drawing,Fig 2.2 Projection,three-plane projection drawing 三面投影图 the axonometric drawing 轴测图 the perspective drawing 透视图,Three-plane projection drawing is the main pattern in the project, which can accurately reflect the shape and size of object and is convenient to
9、 chat2. In the ordinary circumstances, three-plane projection drawing is composed of the horizontal projection drawing, the frontal projection drawing and the profile projection drawing. In the analysis process of three-plane projection drawing, we are required to follow the projection relation of “
10、equality in height, width and length”, which is the foundation of drawing and reading.,Three-plane projection drawing,horizontal projection drawing 水平投影图 frontal projection drawing 正面投影图 profile projection drawing 侧面投影图,Fig4.3 is a building, Fig4.4 is its horizontal plane, Fig4.5 is south elevation
11、and Fig4.6 is the section. Take the horizontal plane for an example to explain the reading method.,horizontal plane 平面图 section 剖面,Fig 2.3 The perspective drawing,Fig 2.4 House horizontal plane,Fig 2.5 South elevation,Fig2.6 The section(1-1),1 To understand map title, proportion. 2 To understand bui
12、ldings facing. 3 To understand architectural plane layout 4 To understand architectural plane size. 5 To understand architectural position of windows and doors and their serial numbers. 6 To understand the section position of architectural section.,Fundamentals of CAD,CAD is an acronym. Some people
13、use it for “computer-aided drawing”, while others for “computer-aided design”. There are now many CAD systems available to design organizations. They vary in cost, scope, capability, and in suitability for the work of the particular office.,acronym 缩写词 available 可利用的 capability 性能,There is a long hi
14、story of using computers particularly in an engineering design office, and it has mainly been for elaborate calculation such as structural analyses, and for administrative chores3. Such tasks are essentially operations on numbers, and which is ideally suited for computers. However designers tend to
15、communicate most project information in graphical forms. Drawings have always been central to the whole construction process, and are likely to continue as such in the foreseeable future.,elaborate 阐述 foreseeable 可预见性的,It has taken some time to teach computers to cope with information in graphical f
16、orm. But the incentives are evident. A design office might typically spend only 5 or 10% of its collective effort on calculations. However the production of drawing might well represent 40% or more of its total workload. So any important that can be achieved in drawing efficiency ought to have a hig
17、h impact. This undoubtedly accounts for much of the huge current interest in CAD. Now, we understand the CAD graphics interface,Fig. 2.7 the CAD graphics interface,Automatically plotted drawings produced as a by-product of an engineering applications program are no recent achievement .As an example,
18、 if we examine highway design, we find that in the late 1960s and early 1970s the geometry of most important new roads was being drawn by computer4. Plans, sections and perspective drawings of roads could be produced automatically. However the particular programs used were limited in scope to roads
19、only, and so were special-purpose applications programs.,by-product 副产品 engineering application program 工程应用程序,Moreover they worked best for long roads in rural or, better still, desert areas. They worked least well for complex road interchanges in the urban environment. Although they remain immense
20、ly valuable, such programs would not be classified as CAD systems because they lack a capability for interactive graphics. They do not permit the designer to carry on a dialogue with the computer to gradually build up, refine and modify his design information.,interchange 互通式立交；交通立体交叉 refine 改进，细化 i
21、nteractive graphics 交互式绘图,Fig. 2.8 Road plan,Fig. 2.9 Road perspective drawing,1. The architectural engineering plat is one kind of the engineering plat, which is used to express the shape, size, material, structure, construction mode of the building as well as the specification and so on. 建筑工程图是工程图
22、中的一种，用来表达建筑物的形状、大小、材料、结构、构造方式以及技术要求等。,black,2Three-plane projection drawing is the main pattern in the project, which can accurately reflect the shape and size of object and is convenient to chat. 三面投影图是工程上最主要的图样，优点是能够准确地反映物体的形状和大小，作图方便。,black,3. There is a long history of using computers particular
23、ly in an engineering design office, and it has mainly been for elaborate calculation such as structural analyses, and for administrative chores. 在工程设计中使用计算机已经有了很长的时间，它主要用于像结构分析等复杂的计算机问题和管理事务方面。,black,4. .As an example, if we examine highway design, we find that in the late 1960s and early 1970s the geometry of most important new roads was being drawn by computer. 例如，我们发现上世纪60年代末和70年代初，在公路设计中最重要的新路的几何形状都是由计算机绘制的。,black,
