1、Modal verbs I,Unit 1 Grammar,To learn the use of modal verbs,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,1. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. (必修1) 2. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. (必修1) 3. You should pay more attent
2、ion to the rainforest (必修2) 4. But of course you can ask any questions you like. (必修2) 5. You must be very proud. (必修2),Look at the following sentences.,Have a look,1. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, 2. or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or t
3、o do harm. 3. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves 4. this will lead the ancestors back to earth. 5. Festivals can also be held to honour famous people.,Sentences from this unit:,1. to test your sense of observation 2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test
4、your ability to highlight the language points,Guessing Game,1. In fact, China _ have the largest number of English learners. 2. Black people _ not vote or choose their leaders. 3. You _ pay more attention to the rainforest 4. But of course you _ ask any questions you like. 5. You _ be very proud.,sh
5、ould,may,could,can,must,6. Most ancient festivals _ celebrate the end of cold weather, 7. or to satisfy the ancestors, who _return either to help or to do harm. 8. For the Japanese festival Obon, people _ go to clean graves 9. this _ lead the ancestors back to earth. 10. Festivals _ also be held to
6、honour famous people.,would,might,should,will,can, _ I go out to play, mum? No, you _. You should do your homework first.A. Might; wouldntB. May; had better notC. Must; mustntD. Need; mustnt,2. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C
7、. would D. should,3. Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may mot,4. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shantC. shouldnt D. neednt 5. This umbr
8、ella looks like mine, but it isnt. Whose _ it be?A. must B. can C. may D. might,6. May I sit beside you, sir? Sorry, you _. Look, my daughter is coming.A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt 7. Peter _ be really difficult at times even though he is a nice person in general.A. shall B. should C. can
9、D. must,8. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldnt B. cantC. mustnt D. neednt 9. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. must B. may C. shall D. should,10. Ive taken someone elses green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wearsgreen.A. has
10、 to be B. will beC. mustnt be D. could be,以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。,情态动词表示说话人的某种 感情或语气，对某一动作 或状态的某种态度。 表示“需要、可以、 必须、应当”等。,什么是情态动词？(modal verbs),Note 2,Note 1,functions of Modal verbs,ability,certainty,permission,obligation,make requests,make suggestions,make of
11、fers,give advice,能力,职责,确定,许可,提出要求,给出建议,提供帮助,提出忠告,Words like can, will, may, must, and a few others are called modals. Modal verbs help other verbs express a meaning or an idea. Some common uses of the modals are these: Ability: He can speak English now.He couldnt speak English ayear ago.Im not able
12、to come to the gameon Friday.,Obligation: You must fasten your seat belts.(strong)You should pay attention. (weak)You ought to pay attention. Certainty: It may rain.How could I forget an important thing like that?He cant / couldnt have knownthe result. Permission: All passengers may now board.We can
13、 board now.,Make requests: Can you help me with my training? Make suggestions: Shall we do some exercise this morning? Make offers: Ill wash your sports jacket. Shall I get a ticket for you? Give advice: You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.,表示能力: can, could, be able to be able to 能
14、用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 was / were able to 设法做成某事 相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.,1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。,Notes,1) can的主要用法是：A. 表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测、事物的可能性:eg. Can the news be true?C. 在口语中，can可以表示请求或允许：eg. Can I sit here?,can/could和be able to
15、,2) could的主要用法是：A. could是can的过去式，表示与过去 有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor.B. could可以代替can表示请求，但语气较can客气、委婉:eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?,3) be able to 的用法： 表示能力时，比can更正式。 B. be able to 可用于不同的时态，也可用于另一个情态动词之后。 Im sorry I havent been able t
16、o play tennis with you recently. Wang Gang might be able to win the chess game.,can和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中，表示不相信、怀疑等态度。 They cant have gone out because the light is still on.,表示许可: may / might, can / could might, could 比较委婉, 一般多用于疑问句。can, may 表达的语言比较随便。在以could, might 表示征询对方意见或表示请求时，回答应
17、相应使用can, may。,may常用来：A. 表示请求、允许：(比can较为正式) eg. May I come in? You may go now.B. 表示说话人的猜测: “也许” “可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。,may和might,eg. I believe the man is from England. But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon.,在肯定句中，may的可能性比can高，may表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可能性。如：,The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不
18、通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？,C. 表示祝愿；但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有: A. 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。eg. She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 注意：除了在间接引语外, might一般不表示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以
19、用was (were) allowed to或者had permission to。,He might go home tomorrow.说不定他明天会回家。 C. 表示现在的许可，语气比may较委婉，一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句），不可用于肯定句或者否定句。如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和你说句话吗？,B. 表示现在的可能,其可能性要比 may小。,2. 情态动词shall, will 的多种意义:,shall / will + 动词原形:,shall 可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见。,will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作，在疑问 句中表示请求和建
20、议。,均可表示将来。过去时为 should, would。,shall和will,1) shall偏重于表示“承诺”；will更多的表示“决心，决定”。 I shall go to London to meet you next month. Mum will make a cake for me on my birthday. 2) 疑问句中，shall用于一三人称表示“提建议”，will用于二三人称表示“意愿”。 Shall I bring you some tea? Will you go to see the film with us? Will he give me his tele
21、phone number?,shall和should,1) shall用于构成将来时是助动词。shall用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心” 是情态动词。 Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. (助动词),Shall we go by train, Mom?（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once.（表 “决心”，情态动词）,2) should表示义务、建议、劝告，意为 “应该”。 “should + have + 过去分词”表示本应该在过去做但没有做。eg: You should keep your
22、 promise. 你应该遵守诺言。She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。,will和would,1) will是助动词还是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于表示“意志”“决心”“请求”是情态动 词。would亦同理。 I will tell you something important.我要告诉你一件重要的事情。(助动词),Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？(情态动词),2) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。 If you want help, let me kno
23、w, will you? 如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗?,3) would比will客气委婉。 Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？Id go there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。 Your teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。,（表请求）,（表意愿）,（表许可）,3. 表示否定的情态动词的用法:,mustnt 不准; 禁止 neednt 没必要 ( = dont have to ) cant 不能; 不可能 may not 不可以; 可能不 shouldnt 不应该 ( = ought not to
24、 ),部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。,注意: must not 的意思是不许可，不应该或者禁止。neednt意思是不需要。如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. You neednt practice basketball five times a week. must 用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应该用 yes, please 或者 Im afraid so, 其否定回答应该用 neednt 或者 dont have to。,不同的“肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：
25、 He is at home. (事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断） He ought to be at home.（很可能） He could be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许, 非常不确定） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家） He isnt at home.（事实）,情态动词的语法特征,1. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought和have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。,2. 情
26、态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can, will也有一般式和过去式的变化。,只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must 可情态可实义的 need, dare/dared 可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to,3. 情态动词的“时态”形式并不是时间区别的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。,Review,情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等等。 掌握下列情态
27、动词的用法： may / might, can / could, will / would, shall / should, must / cant,_ I have a word with you? It wont take long. (2014北京)A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should,2. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. (2014大纲)A. should B. need C. must D. can,I. Choose the
28、 best answer.,3. -Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. -Do you mean we_ bring anything with us? (2014湖南 )A. cant B. mustnt C. shant D. neednt,4. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. (2014江苏)A. might B. would C. should D. could,5. Hows your tour around the North La
29、ke? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007全国I)A. will B. would C. should D. must,6. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all.(2007江苏)A. should B. could C. must D. might,7. According to the air traffic rules, you_ switch off yo
30、ur mobile phone before boarding. (2008上海) A. may B. can C. would D. should 8. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (2008山东) A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed,9. Its the office! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh,
31、 sorry. (2009湖南)A. must B. will C. may D. need 10. The traffic is heavy this day. I _arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽宁)A. can B. must C. need D. might,11. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. (2010全国I)A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not 12. I havent
32、got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. (2010江苏)A. could B. shall C. must D. may,13. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”(2010浙江) A. need B. can C. must D. would 14. Sorry, Professor Smith. I
33、 didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. (2010上海) A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt,15. If you _ smoke, please go outside.(2011全国II) A. can B. should C. must D. may 16. Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid
34、you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建) A. will B. must C. may D. can,17. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.(2011四川) A. can B. may C. must D. should 18. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南) A. can B. need C. must D.
35、 might,19. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西)A. might B. must C. could D. shall 20. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money. (2012全国II) A. can B. might C. would D. need,21. _ you interrupt now? Cant you s
36、ee Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. (2012重庆) A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 22. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. (2012辽宁) A. might B. could C. shall D. will,23. My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend. (2013陕西)A. should B
37、. might C. could D. would 34. What are you doing this Saturday? Im not sure. but I _ go to the Rolling Stones concert (2013重庆)A. must B. would C. should D. might,II. 阅读下面的对话，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处使用合适的情态动词填空。,The play _ begin at any moment, I said. It _ have begun already, Susan answered. (I hurri
38、ed to the ticket office.) _ I have two tickets please? I asked. Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said. What a pity! Susan exclaimed (大叫).,may,may,May,(Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.) _ I return these two tickets? he asked. Certainly, the girl said. (I went back to the ticket office at once.) _ I have those two tickets please? I asked. Certainly, the girl said, but theyre for next Wednesdays performance. Do you still want them? I _ as well have them, I said sadly.,Can,Could,might,
