1、名词性从句 Noun clauses,名词性从句是由if, whether, that 和各种疑问词充当连接词所引导的从句，其作用同名词一样。包括 主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和 同位语从句。,一主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who。例如： It is a pity that y
2、ou didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. (=In the morning the murder took place.) It is John that broke the window. (=John broke the window.),2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor tha
3、t 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是,(3) It 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) It is/was+过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said/thought/hoped/told/believed +that.,3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) It i
4、s said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It is said that President Bush will visit our country next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (2) It happens that, It occurs that 结构中的“that”从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) T
5、hat he failed in the examination occurred to him. (wrong),(3) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (4) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is
6、 that will rain in the evening likely? (wrong),4. what 与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别 what 引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。而that 1）只起连接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。For example: 1) What you said yesterday is right.(=All that you . 2) That she is still alive is a puzzle.,你昨天说的话是对的。,她仍活着是一个谜。,二宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名
7、词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I hear that he joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,
8、2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends on how well we can cooperate with one another. 3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： anxious, sure, confident, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, pleased, satisfied, content 等。,4
9、. It 可以作为形式宾语 It 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如： We must make it clear to the public that we are doing an important job.,7. 否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you
10、well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）,三表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等.另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如： 1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people 3) But the
11、 fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason why he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 1. 同位语从句的功能 同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如： 1) The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The
12、 order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,2. 同位语在句子中的位置 同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off. 3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 (1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。 (2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语） 2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。）（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）,
