1、围棋weiqi,A4 13水利水电2班 夏伟,在这里给大家先说一下，围棋的英语单词 For everyone here, go to the English words. 围棋的英文： Go（源自日文的发音）, weiqi, the game of go 或the chess of go （但weiqi用得比较普遍，是我国提倡的英文译法）。本人比较喜欢weiqi这个翻译！,围棋the game of go,一、历史 A, history 起源 Feels origin 发展 Feels the development二、棋具 Two, chess三、规则 Three, rules 基本下法 T
2、he basic method feels 胜负判别 The outcome of the discriminant feels 竞赛规定 Feels competition regulations 古代规则 Feels the ancient rules四、常用术语 Four, commonly used terms五、级位段位 Five, level of Dan六、头衔 Six, title七、赛事，棋手,问题一 Problem: 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“棋”特指象棋还是围棋？ China four ancient art “fancies of men of letters“
3、“chess“ refers to chess or go? 棋指围棋。 在古代，弹琴（多指古琴）、弈棋（多指围棋）、书法、绘画是文人骚客（包括一些名门闺秀）修身所必须掌握的技能，合称“琴棋书画” Chess refers to go. In ancient times, the piano (especially the Guqin), chess (usually go), calligraphy and painting is bookman (including some noble family) must master the skills of self-cultivation,
4、 collectively referred to as “literature“,历史History,起源Origin 围棋是一种策略性两人棋类游戏，中国古时称“弈”，西方名称“go”。流行于东亚国家（中、日、韩等），属琴棋书画四艺之一。 Go is a strategy board game of two people, Chinese in ancient times called “Yi“, “Western name go“. Popular in East Asian countries (China, Japan and Korea etc.), is one of the fo
5、ur arts and literature,围棋起源于中国，传为尧作，春秋战国时代即有记载。隋唐时经朝鲜传入日本，流传到欧美各国。有学者认为，围棋蕴含着汉民族文化的丰富内涵，是中国文化与文明的体现。 Weiqi originated in China, passed to Yao, spring and autumn and the Warring States era records. Sui and Tang dynasties after North Korea into Japan, spread to Europe and the United states. Some schol
6、ars think that chess contains rich connotation of Chinese culture, is the embodiment of Chinese culture and civilization.,围棋使用方形格状棋盘及黑白二色圆形棋子进行对弈，棋盘上有纵横各19条直线将棋盘分成361个交叉点，棋子走在交叉点上，双方交替行棋，落子后不能移动，以围地多者为胜。中国古代围棋是黑白双方在对角星位处各摆放两子（对角星布局），由白棋先行。现代围棋由日本发展而来，取消了座子规则，黑先白后，使围棋的变化更加复杂多变。围棋也被认为是世界上最复杂的棋盘游戏之一。 G
7、o with square lattice board and black and white two color round chessmen chessboard for chess, with vertical and horizontal 19 each line will board into 361 intersections, pieces. At the cross point, alternating sides for chess, Lazi can not move, to ground more for victory. The ancient Chinese ches
8、s is both black and white in the horoscope at each placed two diagonal (diagonal layout, first by the white star). Modern chess by the Japanese development, cancelled the transposon rules, black to white, causes the weiqi changes more and morecomplex and changeful. Weiqi is also considered one of th
9、e worlds most complex board game.,发展 Development,春秋战国 The spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period 围棋这时已在社会广泛流传了。左传襄公二十五年载：“卫献公自夷仪使与宁喜言，宁喜许之。大叔文子闻之，曰：呜呼今宁子视君不如弈棋，其何以免乎？弈者举棋不定，不胜其耦，而况置君而弗定乎？必不免矣！”这是历史上第一次可靠的涉及围棋的记载，时间是公元前548年。Go now in the society has been widely circulated. “Zuo Xiangg
10、ong twenty-five years“ set: “Wei Xian Gong Yi to self and Ning Xiyan, Ning Xi xu. The smell of the uncle, said: ah This Ning Zi regarded Jun as the free chess, why? The players not hesitate about what move to make, “the prince of coupling, and Fuding? Will not!“ This is the first time in the history
11、 of reliable relates to chess records, time is 548 bc. 孔子论语阳货载：子曰：“饱食终日，无所用心，难矣哉。不有博弈者乎？为之犹贤乎已。” Kong Zi “the Analects of Confucius goods“ set: the master said: “a careless, hard to be kazuya. Not a game of? Still be virtuous has.“,秦汉三国 During the Three Kingdoms秦灭六国一统天下，有关围棋的活动也鲜有记载。 Qin unified the
12、 six countries, about go activity also little record.到东汉初年，社会上还是“博行于世而弈独绝”的状况。直至东汉中晚期，围棋活动才又渐盛行。 To the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society or the “bo ok in the world and implement unique“ situation. Until the Eastern Han Dynasty in late, go to also gradually popular activities.,南北朝 The northern and So
13、uthern Dynasties 由于南北朝时期玄学的兴起，导致文人学士以尚清谈为荣，因而弈风更盛，下围棋被称为“手谈”。上层统治者也无不雅好弈棋，他们以棋设官，建立“棋品”制度，对有一定水平的“棋士”，授予与棋艺相当的“品格”（等级）。 Due to the rise of the northern and Southern Dynasties period of metaphysics, lead to Shang Qing literati talk as the honor, so the game is much more vigorous, chess is called “han
14、ds“. The upper rulers Ya good chess, they set a officer in the chess, the establishment of “or“ system, to have a certain level of “champion“, grant and chess very “character“ (rank).,隋唐宋元 Sui and Tang Dynasties, the song and Yuan Dynasties,由19道棋盘代替了过去的17道棋盘，从此19道棋盘成为主流。而随着隋帝国对外的政策，高句丽、新罗百济把围棋带到了朝鲜半
15、岛，遣隋使把围棋带到了日本国。 By the 19 board to replace the 17 board the past, from 19 the board has become the mainstream of. With the Sui empires foreign policy, Goguryeo, Baekje to go to Xinluo with the Korean Peninsula, Sui make go to japan.唐宋时期，可以视为围棋游艺在历史上发生的第二次重大变化时期。 Tang and Song Dynasties, can be regar
16、ded as the chess entertainment in history occurred in second major period of change. 明清The Ming and Qing Dynasties明清两代，棋艺水平得到了迅速的提高。 During the two dynasties, chess level has been rapidly improved.,对外传播 External communication到19世纪中叶后，日本的围棋水平赶上中国，并在其后的一百年间，将中国远远抛在后面。 By the middle of the nineteenth C
17、entury, the Japanese go to catch up with the Chinese level, and in the subsequent one hundred years, will Chinese far behind.中国和越南的交往可以上溯到秦汉时期，西汉时曾置交趾郡，辖境包括今天越南的大部分地区。 Exchanges between China and Vietnam can be traced back to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the Western Han Dynasty had the Jiaozhi, territ
18、ory including this most parts of vietnam. 围棋主要呈现中、韩、日三国鼎立的局面。日本围棋整体水平止步不前，中韩围棋水平不断提高，形成了中韩争霸的局面。 Go the main presentation, South Korea and Japan the situation of tripartite confrontation. Japan go the whole level of stalled, China and Korea go constantly raise the level of the formation of China and
19、 South Korea strives for hegemony situation.,围棋主要呈现中、韩、日三国鼎立的局面。日本围棋整体水平止步不前，中韩围棋水平不断提高，形成了中韩争霸的局面。 Go the main presentation, Han, day the Three Kingdoms situation. Japan go the whole level of stalled, China and Korea go level enhances unceasingly, has formed the situation of China and South Korea s
20、trives for hegemony. 2013年中国包揽围棋界所有世界冠军。不仅日本九段在中国新生代棋手面前，已经失去了往昔的那种竞争力，曾领一时风骚的韩国九段们，也已经很难跟得上中国新生代棋手势如破竹般的成长节奏。 In 2013 China won the community go all the world champion. Not only the Japanese in the nine segment China Cenozoic players before, have lost that competitiveness is the past, who took 1:00
21、 coquettish nine segments, has been difficult to keep up with the China Cenozoic chess gestures such as broken bamboo like growth rhythm.,问题三：Problem three: 围棋共有多少颗棋子？Go how many pieces?361颗。棋子的数量以黑子181、白子180个为宜。 361. The number of pieces to sunspot 181, white 180 is appropriate.,二、棋具Chess,棋子：棋子分黑白两
22、色。多为扁圆形（也有双面突起的应 氏棋子）。棋子的数量以黑子181、白子180个为宜。 Chess: chess pieces divided into black and white. For oblate (also have double-sided protruding should the pawn). The number of pieces to sunspot 181, white 180 is appropriate. 棋盘：盘面有纵横各十九条等距离、垂直交叉的平行线，共构成1919=361个交叉点（以下简称为“点”）。盘面上标有九个小圆点，称为星位，中央的星位又称“天元”。
23、 The board has parallel lines: the aspect of all nineteen distance, the vertical cross, which consist of 19 * 19=361 cross points (hereinafter referred to asthe“point“). The disk is marked with nine smalldot, called the star,the central star is also called “Tianyuan“,棋钟：正式的比赛中可以使用计时器对选手的时间进行限制。非正式的对
24、局中一般不使用计时器 Chess clock: the official game timer can be used to limit the time for the players. Generally do not use the timer informal games,三、规则Rule,基本下法 The basic method1、对局双方各执一色棋子，黑先白后，交替下子，每次只能下一子。 1, each party holds one color on the pawn, black to white, alternating moment, each only a son. 2
25、、棋子下在棋盘上的交叉点上。 2, a pawn on the chessboard of the intersection on. 3、棋子落子后，不得向其他位置移动。 3, the chessmen Lazi after not to move to other locations. 4、轮流下子是双方的权利，但允许任何一方放弃下子权。 4, take turns suddenly are both right, but allow any party to give up at the right.,三、规则Rule,胜负判别The outcome of the discriminant
26、中国规则Chinese rules 1、贴3又3/4子的规则：第一步，把死子捡掉。第二步，只数一方围得点数并记录下来（一般围得点以整十点为单位）。第三步，如果数的是黑棋，再减去3又3/4子，如果数的是白棋，再加上3又3/4子。第四步，结果和180又1/2（棋盘361个点的一半）比较，超过就算胜，否则判负。通俗来说为白棋177子为胜，黑棋185子为胜。 1, posted 3 3/4 sub rule: the first step, the son picked up. The second step, just count the party around points and record
27、ed (generally around a point to the whole ten points as the unit). The third step, if the number is black, minus 3 3/4, if the number is white, together with the 3 3/4. The fourth step, the results and 180 1/2 (half board 361 points of comparison, more than wins), otherwise the negative. Popular for
28、 white son of 177 wins, 185 black son wins. 2、让先与让子：让先不贴目，让子要贴还让子数的一半（就当被让方是预先收了单官）。 2, let the first and let the son: let not the first stick head, let the child should stick also let half numbers (when let party is received in advance a single officer).,日韩规则South Korea rules日本和韩国规则是一样的，采用数目法，黑棋终局要
29、贴6目半。先数一方的目数并记录下来，再数另一方的目数并记录下来，然后黑棋减去6目半，最后和白棋比较，多者为胜。通俗来说为白棋178为胜黑棋185为胜。 Japan and South Korea, the rules are the same, the number method, black final should be affixed to 6 and a half. Count square mesh and recorded, then the other side of the mesh and recorded, and then the black minus 6 and a
30、half, finally and white comparison, more for victory. Popular for white 178 wins 185 black wins.,竞赛规定Competition rules 1.先后手的确定successively hand determination 对局的先后手，由大会抽签编排或对局前猜先决定。 On the first hand, by the organizer or before the first guess decided on arrangement. 2.贴子post 为了抵消黑方先手的效率，现行全国性正式比赛在
31、终局计算胜负时，黑方需贴出三又四分之三子。 In order to offset the efficiency of black on the offensive, the current national official Games in the final calculation outcome, black to post three and 3/4 sub. 3.计时timing 计时是保证比赛顺利进行的重要手段之一。一切有条件的比赛应采用计时制度。 Timing is one of the important means to guarantee the smooth progre
32、ss of the game. All conditions of the game should use the timing system.,.终局规定Final provisions 无单官或其他官子时，为终局。 No single officer or other officer, as the final. 对局中，有一方中途认输，为终局。另一方中盘胜。认输就是将两个自己的棋子放在右下角即可。 In the game, one side midway defeat, as final. The other party middle wins. Throw in the towel j
33、ust two their pieces placed in the lower right corner to. 凡比赛一方弃权或因各种原因被裁判员判负、判和的对局，也作终局处理。 Every race waiver or for a variety of reasons were the referee awarded a negative, and sentenced game, also made the final processing. 双方确认的终局，确认的次序应是，先由轮走方，后是对方以异色棋子一枚放于己方棋盘右下角的线外。 Both sides confirmed the f
34、inal confirmation of the order, should be first round, if, after each other in Harmonia pieces is a put on their board the lower right corner of the line.,四、常用术语Commonly used terms,1、尖：在己方原有棋子的斜上或斜下一路处行棋称为“尖”。 Tip: 1, in their original pieces oblique or skew the next road for chess called “tip“. 由于尖
35、的步调较小，人们也习惯地称它为“小尖”。 Due to sharp pace is smaller, people are accustomed to call it “the little tip“. 2、长：“长”是指紧靠着自己在棋盘上已有棋子继续向前延伸行棋。“长”一般用于与对方接触交战的时候，便于将己方的子连成一片，更好地攻击对方。 2, long: “long“ refers to the close to their existing in pieceson the board to extend forwards for chess. “Long“ is generally us
36、ed up contact with each other, to facilitate theones own son together into one, to attack each other better.,3、立：“立”与“长”有着微妙的差别，“立”主要指向紧靠着自己原有的棋盘上的棋子方向向下或向边线方向的行棋。 Li: “Li“ and “long“ has a subtle difference, “Li“ the mainpoint close to the pawn on the chessboard of the directionof their original do
37、wn or to the edge direction for chess4、冲：“冲”是指紧靠着自己在棋盘上原有的棋子向对方的 Blunt: “rushed“ refers to the close to their original pieces on the board to each other “关”形中间的空交叉点处行棋，这就叫“冲”。“冲”经常是运用自己强的一面去阻击对方，将对方的棋分成两块，以利于寻找机会消灭对方。“ Empty intersection between the rows of Guan“ shaped chess, his is called “chong“.
38、 “Red“ is often use theirstrong side to check each other, will the other side of the game is divided into two parts, in order to seek opportunities to annihilate each other.,五、级位段位 Five, level of Dan级位段位编辑棋手围棋水平的高低用段位和级位来区分，从低到高分别为：业余级位，业余段位，职业段位。 Level of Dan players go edit level with Dan and leve
39、l to distinguish, as from low to high: amateur level, amateur Dan Dan, occupation.业余级位设置： The amateur level set:2005年7月1日生效的中国围棋业余段位级位制中第四条有：业余段位下设级位，级位可分为1级、2级至25级，1级最高。但级位证书只印制1级、2级、5级、10级、15级、20级、25级等共七个等级。 July 1, 2005 entry into force of the “Chinese chess amateur Dan grade system“ in fourth: A
40、mateur Dan under level, level can be divided into 1 levels, level 2 to level 25, the highest level 1. But level certificate only printed 1 grade, 2 grade, 5 grade, 10 grade, 15 grade, 20 grade, 25 grade and a total of seven grades.,五、头衔Title,头衔，是某些比赛冠军的特定称呼。 Title, is the specific address certain wi
41、nner.中国的头衔战现有天元、名人和新人王。以前还举办过棋王和棋圣。其他几项比赛，冠军没有特殊的荣誉称呼，也就是没有头衔。 China Title battle Tianyuan existing, celebrities and rookie. Previously also hosted the king and grandmaster. Several other games, the champions have no special honor, there is no title.韩国的头衔有：天元、新人王、王中王、名人等。 South Koreas Title: Tianyua
42、n, new king, king of kings, celebrities, etc日本有七大头衔：棋圣、本因坊、名人、十段、小棋圣（碁圣）、王座、天元。 Japan has seven Titles: grandmaster, Honinbo, celebrities, ten section, small grandmaster (Qi Sheng), the throne, Tianyuan. 双语对照翻译不正确取消清空内容,问题二：Problem two: 象棋和围棋，哪一个更称得上是我国的国棋？ Chess and go chess, which one is more rega
43、rded as our country chess? 是围棋。Go. 中国棋院院长、中国围棋协会主席陈祖德作序的围棋国棋，首次把围棋定位为国棋，揭示了“国运兴，棋运盛”的深刻哲理。 Chinese chess courtyard dean, the Chinese Chess Association President Chen Zude a “go, Chinese chess“, the first to go positioning for the country of chess, reveals “the country Hing, profound philosophy chess
44、 Wan“.,围棋与象棋起源于中国，都有数千年的历史，是中国的传统文化，中国的国粹围棋是一个智力游戏，起源于中国，有超过三千年的历史。围棋蕴涵着古代哲学中一元生两仪、两仪生四象、四象生八卦、天圆地方、十九农节气、三百六十周天之数等等含义，其变化丰富，意韵深远，魅力无穷。 Chess and chess originated in China, has a history of thousands of years, is Chinas traditional culture, go the quintessence of Chinese culture is a mental game, or
45、iginated in China, has a history of over three thousand years. Go a element contains the ancient philosophy of Liang Yi, Liang Yi Sheng four images, four images and gossip, hemispherical dome, nineteen agricultural throttle, three hundred and sixty Sunday the number of meanings, changes in wealth, p
46、icturesque profound, infinite charm. .,象棋，亦作“象碁”，汉族棋类益智游戏，中国象棋在中国有着三千多年的历史，属于二人对抗性游戏的一种。由于用具简单，趣味性强，成为流行极为广泛的棋艺活动。是我国正式开展的78个体育项目之一 Chess, also is “like Acer“, Han Chinese chess game, China chess has a history of over three thousand years in Chinese, belonging to one kind of game two against. Becaus
47、e the equipment is simple, strong interest, become popular very wide range of chess activities. China is one of the 78 official sports,今日，围棋已经走出国门,在亚洲的围棋人口有数百万人，在欧美国家也有不少人会下围棋。 围棋的规则十分简单，却拥有十分广大的空间可以落子，使到围棋的变化多得数不清，比中国象棋复杂多了。这就是围棋的魅力。下一盘围棋比下一盘中国象棋一般花的时间比较多，快则十五分钟，慢则要几天，多数时候下一盘棋需要一到二个小时。 Today, go ha
48、s been out of the country, the population in Asia go millions of people in Europe and the United States there are many people will go under. The rules of go is very simple, but you can have large space to Lazi, make changes to the innumerable weiqi, Chinese chess is much more complicated than. This
49、is the chess charm. More than a game of go to a game of Chinese chess generally spend time, the fast fifteen minutes, would slow the past few days, most of the time playing a game of chess requires one to two hours. 多下围棋对人脑有帮助，可填强一个人的计算能力，记忆，创艺，思想能力，判断能力，精神更集中。许多人也认为下围棋会让小孩子的学业进步，能更好的分析所学到的东西。 Many
50、go to help the brain, can calculate the ability strong, fill in ones memory, creative ability, thought, judgment ability, mental focus. Many people also think that go under the will let childs academic progress, analysis can better learn.,和大家小小互动一下： And little interaction: 象棋与围棋的区别是什么？（打一脑筋急转弯) What is the difference between chess and go chess? (a brain teasers)围棋越下越多，象棋越下越少,
