1、1988 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. Read the whole passage before making your choice. (10 points)In 1620, a small sailboat named the May
2、flower left England for the New World. The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia. Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims. They were looking for a place where they could worship God 1 . Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its 2 . The b
3、rave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620. It was the middle of the stern northern winter. 3 months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them. Only the strongest of the pilgrims 4 that winter. Many women gave their own pit
4、iful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves. Living 5 began to improve in the spring of 1621. There were wild 11 12vegetables. There were berries and fruit. Fish and game were plentiful. Therefore, they 13 14 15were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skil
5、l or experience in hunting and fishing. The colonists health 6 with the warm weather and their better diet.16In the fall, they look back 7 the past year. They were both regretful and thankful. 17 18Only fifty of the original one hundred passengers remained. The price in human life and 19 20tragedy h
6、ad been great. On the other hand, they saw new hope for the future. A splendid 21 22harvest was 8 them. They were ready for the second winter with confidence. They had 23 24eleven crude houses for protection against the severe winter. Seven were for families, and four 25were for communal use. 9 , th
7、ey had established a treaty of friendship with their Indian 26neighbors under Chief Massasoit in the summer.The woods and forests became safe. When the Mayflower returned to England that summer, 27 28there were no colonists 10 . At the end of their first year in their new home, the Pilgrims 29wanted
8、 to celebrate with a real holiday. It was their first Thanks giving Day. 328 words301. A in their own style B in their own wayC on their own D of their own2. A course B route C passage D channel3. A Uncomfortable B Bad C Unfavourable D Terrible4. A passed B sustained C survived D spent5. A situation
9、s B environmentsC conditions D circumstances6. A strengthened B regained C recovered D improved7. A in B of C over D at8. A on B behind C for D beyond9. A Best of all B For the best C To their best D All in all10.A ashore B around C about D aboard试题精解一、文章结构分析本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了“五月花号”抵达美洲新大陆的情况及感恩节的来历。第一段交代
10、了文章的背景：一批殖民者到达北美新大陆。至句介绍了“五月花号”前往美洲的原因，至句介绍了“五月花号”上的朝圣者在途中以及登陆后遇到的困难，至 句介绍了他们生活条件得到好转的原因及表现。11 16第二段通过对过去的回顾与对未来的展望，叙述了朝圣者怀有感恩的心态并与当地印第安人签署友好协定，为下文感恩节的形成做了铺垫。第三段说明了感恩节产生的直接原因：朝圣者想庆祝他们定居新家的第一年。二、试题具体分析1. A in their own style B in their own way 以特有的方式C on their own 单独，独立地 D of their own 自己的，本人的本题考核的知识
11、点是：句内语义+固定短语快速解题空格处填入的短语作状语，修饰 worship God，说明朝圣者前往新大陆的原因。in ones own way 是固定搭配，意为 “以特有的方式” ，代入文中意为“以他们特有的方式敬仰上帝” ，符合上下文逻辑关系，为正确答案。on their own 与 of their own 不符合文意，style 虽然可以表示“方式、方法” ，但该含义不用于 in ones own结构，应排除。篇章分析至句是第一段的第一个层次，揭示了五月花号前往新大陆的原因。句是一个复合句，主干为 They were looking for a place，后接 where 引导的定语
12、从句修饰place。空格设置in ones own way 是固定短语，如：I expect she does love you in her own way.我想她的确是以她特有的方式爱你。干扰项设置其他项利用常见的固定搭配设置干扰。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her own.这一事故的发生不是她本人的过错。He did it on his own.这件事他独立完成了。2. A course 航向，航线 B route 路线，路途C passage 通道，航程 D channel 渠道，海峡本题考核的知识点是：名词词义辨析快速解题
13、空格处填入的名词作 lost 的宾语，因此此题关键是判断那个选项可与 lost 搭配且符合文意。四个选项构成的动宾搭配分别表示“迷失航向” 、 “迷失路线” 、 “迷失航程”和“迷失海峡” ，显然不存在后两种搭配，首先排除C和D。由于文中具体指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路线”的 route，最佳答案为Acourse。篇章分析至句是第一段的第二个层次，分别介绍了朝圣者在航行中及登陆后遇到的困难。空格设置course 除了考生熟悉的表示 “课程”的含义外，还可意为“（船或飞机的）航向，航线“，如：The plane was on/off course.飞机航向正确 /偏离航向。干扰项设置其
14、他项利用其他表示“路径”的词对 course 形成近义干扰。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一条是最佳路线？ This passage will take us to the other building.穿过这条通道，我们就可以到达另一座大楼。Complaints must be made through the proper channels.投诉必须通过正当途径进行。3.A Uncomfortable 令人不舒适的 B Bad 令人不快的，坏的C Unfavourable 不利的，有害的 D Terrible 可怕的，造成极大伤害的本题考核的知识
15、点是：上下文语义+形容词辨析快速解题空格处填入的形容词做定语修饰 months，意为 “的几个月” 。months 后面的 of介词结构也做定语后置修饰 months，由 of 后面的一系列名词“starvation、disease、death” 可知，这几个月的情况是极其严重的，因此，在四个选项中应选择表示恶劣程度最深的 terrible。空格设置terrible 的词义和用法比较简单，本题需要考生理解上下文的具体内容做出选择。干扰项设置其他项利用表示“不利的”的形容词设置干扰，考生需结合词语表达含义的程度与具体语境排除干扰。4. A passed 通过，经过；消磨，度过 B sustain
16、ed 维持（生命、生存）C survived 生存；幸存，挺过，艰难度过 D spent 花（时间） ，度过本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+动词辨析快速解题空格所在部分意为“朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人那个冬天” 。pass 常用于指无聊或等人时打发、消磨时间；spend 强调以某种方式花时间，常接 on sth 或 in doing sth来表示方式。sustain 虽然含有 “生存”的意思，但其后常接 life 或人作宾语，不符合文中用法。符合上下文意的只有 survive，指“艰难挺过那个冬天” ，与上一题中的 terrible 相呼应。空格设置本题借 survive 考查了考生对上下文的理
17、解。例句：I cant survive on $40 a week.一星期 40 美元，我无法维持生活。干扰项设置其他项是利用表示“度过”的动词对 survive 构成近义干扰，考生要在理解词义的基础上对单词的用法区别掌握。例句：We sang songs to pass the time.我们借唱歌消磨时间。Few planets can sustain life.能够维持生命存在的行星很少。How long did you spend on your homework? 你做家庭作业用了多长时间？5. A situations 情况，状况 B environments 环境C condit
18、ions 环境，条件 D circumstances 条件，状况本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+名词辨析快速解题空格所在部分 living 5 意为“生活” ，四个选项都含有“环境，状况”的意思，但是侧重点各有不同。situation 强调特定时期和特定地点形势、局面，environments 特指影响个体或事物行为或发展的环境，conditions 指居住、工作或做事情的环境或条件，circumstances 尤其指经济状况。由 living 以及下文的 vegetables、berries 等词可知，这里指的是人们的生活条件得到改善，符合文意的为Cconditions.篇章分析 句至 句是
19、第一段的第三个层次，指出了朝圣者在新的定居点生活条件得11 16到改善的原因及表现。空格设置conditions 本身词义比较简单，但要求考生根据上下文语境排除干扰，作出正确判断。例句：changing economic conditions 不断变化的经济状况。干扰项设置其他项利用表示“环境、状况”的名词对 conditions 形成近义干扰。这几个词虽然含义相近，但用法上各有不同，例句如：We have all been in similar embarrassing situations.我们都遇到过类似的尴尬局面。They have created an environment in
20、which productivity should flourish.他们创造了一种可以大大提高生产力的环境。Grants are awarded according to your financial circumstances.补助金根据经济状况发放。6. Astrengthened 加强，巩固 Bregained 重新获得，恢复Crecovered 恢复健康，康复 D improved 改进，改善本题考核的知识点是：动词辨析快速解题空格所在部分的主语是 the colonists health，此题的关键是判断哪个动词能与health 搭配，并且能与上下文衔接。strengthened
21、指“增强能力或地位等 ”，不能与 health 搭配，首先排除。regained 意为 “恢复”时常做及物动词，不符合文中用法，但是可以说regained health。recovered 本身即意为“恢复健康” ，不需要 health 作主语。符合上下文语义的只有 improve，在文中意为“健康得到改善” 。 篇章分析 句的主干部分是 The colonists health improved，介词 with 的用法比较特殊，16表原因，介宾短语 with解释了 health improved 的原因。空格设置improve 的含义比较简单，但用法很丰富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高” ，
22、如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the operation.手术后他的生活质量大大改善了。to improve efficiency/standards/conditions 提高效率/标准；改善条件。干扰项设置其他项利用考生熟悉的汉语表达法设置干扰。汉语里经常有“恢复健康、增强健康”的表达方式，考生要熟悉英汉两种语言表达方式的区别，排除干扰。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent weeks.最近几个星期以来，她在党内的地位有所增强。I stru
23、ggled to regain some dignity.我努力恢复自己的一点儿尊严。 Hes still recovering from his operation.手术后，他仍在恢复之中。7. A in B of C over D at 本题考核的知识点是：介词搭配快速解题空格处填入的介词既要与 look back 搭配，又要能接 the past year 作宾语。不存在 look back in 与 look back of 的用法，首先排除A 和B。look back over 与 look back at都可意为“回顾” ，但 look back at 后面接具体的时间或事物，lo
24、ok back over 后面接特定阶段，显然文中 the past year 强调的是一个时间段，符合要求的是 look back over，代入文中意为“回顾过去的一年” 。 篇章分析第二段分为两个层次： 至 句是对过去的回顾， 至 句是对未来的展望17 20 21 26与准备。 句句首 on the other hand 表明了这种今昔对比。21空格设置介词 over 的含义和用法都很丰富，在知识运用的文章中经常出现，考生要结合具体语境掌握该词用法。干扰项设置其他项利用其他可与 look 搭配的常用介词设置干扰，需要正确理解上下文才排除干扰。8. A on B behind C for
25、D beyond本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+介词辨析快速解题空格所在部分 A splendid harvest was 8 them，意为“一个大丰收他们” 。由 句 in the fall 和 句 ready for the second winter 可知，他们在秋天已经取得大丰收，并17 23为第二年冬天做准备。behind 意为 used to say that sth is in sbs past，它代入文中，意为“他们身后是（秋天的）一个大丰收” ，即“已经获得了丰收” 。其他项与 them 搭配分别意为“由他们支付” 、 “为了他们”与“他们无法理解“，均不符合上下文语义，应
26、排除。篇章分析 句是第二段第二个层次的总起句，指出了对未来的希望。 句至段末分别21 22从食物、住所以及人际关系三方面举出了充满希望的原因。空格设置本题通过 behind 考查了考生对文章内部时间逻辑的把握，及它本身不为考生所熟悉的含义。例句：She has ten years useful experience behind her.她已有十年的经验，能派上用场。干扰项设置其他项都是利用常用介词设置的脱离上下文的无关干扰，联系上下文语义不难排除。9. A Best of all 最好的是，尤其 B For the best 出于好意C To their best D All in all
27、总的来说本题考核的知识点是：逻辑关系快速解题空格处填入的短语放在句首，体现句子之间的逻辑关系，此题的关键是判断空格前后部分的逻辑关系。to their best 短语不存在，首先排除。上文都是讲殖民者为来年做的物质准备， 句重在强调人际关系方面的改善，体现这种强调关系的只有 best of all。26篇章分析 句虽然是一个简单句，但是句子结构比较复杂，主干为 they had established 26a treaty of friendship，句首的 best of all 与 with，under，in三个介宾短语做状语。空格设置逻辑关系在知识运用中的考查比重越来越大，需要考生提高语
28、篇结构的分析能力。例句如：Best of all, we dont have any homework.最好的是我们没有什么家庭作业了。干扰项设置其他项都是利用词形设置的形近干扰。例句：I did it for the best.我是出于好意这么做的。All in all it has been a great success. 总的来说，那是个巨大的成功。10.A ashore 在岸上 B around 周围C about 到处 D aboard 在（船、车飞机）上本题考核的知识点是：上下文语义+副词辨析快速解题空格所在部分意为“当五月花号返回英格兰的时候，没有一名殖民者” ，显然，表示“在
29、船上”的 aboard 符合文章语义的衔接，为正确选项。其他三项不符合上下文，应排除。 篇章分析 句承接上文，总结指出殖民者生活状况好转，他们在殖民地定居下来。2728句是过渡句，指出他们想要建立一个节日庆祝新的生活，由此引出 句感恩节的来历。29 30空格设置aboard 的含义和用法都比较简单，但需要根据上下文进行推断。干扰项设置其他项是利用 aboard 的形近词设置的干扰，由于都脱离了上下文，不难排除。三、全文翻译1620 年，一艘被命名为“五月花号”的小帆船离开伦敦驶往新大陆。 “五月花号”向位于弗吉尼亚州温暖海岸的詹姆斯顿殖民地行进。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他们正在寻找一个地方
30、，在那里他们能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。由于狂风和凶猛的暴风雨， “五月花号”迷失了航向。1620 年 12 月份，这一群勇敢的殖民者最终不得不在位于马萨诸塞州岩石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陆。当时正是北方严冬时期，他们将面对的是充满了饥饿、疾病和死亡的极其可怕的几个月。朝圣者中只有最为强壮的人活过了那个冬天。许多妇女把她们少得可怜的口粮留给了自己的孩子，自己却死于饥饿。生活条件在 1621 年的春天开始改善：有了野菜、浆果和水果以及充足的鱼和野禽。因此，尽管缺乏狩猎、捕鱼的技巧和经验，他们也能够获得足够的新鲜肉类。由于天气变暖和饮食的改善，殖民者们的健康状况得以好转。在秋天，他们回顾了过去的一年，
31、既遗憾又感激。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下来，人类生命的代价和和悲剧是如此巨大。另一方面，他们看到了未来的新希望。在他们身后是（秋天的）一个大丰收，他们充满自信地为第二个冬天的到来做好了准备。他们有十一所用于抵御严冬的简陋房屋，其中的七所为家庭所有，四所作为公用。最重要的是，在马萨索特酋长的监管下，他们在夏天与其印第安邻居订立了友好协定。林地和森林变安全了。那年夏天，当“五月花号”返回英格兰的时候，船上没有一名殖民者。在他们定居新家的第一年年底，这些朝圣者想以一个真正的节日来庆祝，这便是他们的第一个感恩节。Section IIReading ComprehensionEach of th
32、e two passages below is followed by five questions. For each question there are four answers. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the brackets on the left. (10 points)Text 1It doesnt come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no
33、 difference what you read or study if you cant remember it. You just waste your valuable time. Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading. You re
34、member better what you read when you know why youre reading.Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank you. Im just looking”? Both you and she know that if you arent sure what you want, you are not likely to find it. But suppose you say inst
35、ead, “Yes, thank you. I want a pair of sun glasses.” She says, “Right this way, please.” And you and she are off - both eager to look for exactly what you want.Its quite the same with your studying. If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just t
36、hat - nothing. But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it. Your reasons will vary; they will include reading or studying “to find out more about”, “to understand the reasons for”, “to find out how”. A good student has a clear purpose or reason for
37、 what he is doing.This is the way it works. Before you start to study, you say to yourself something like this, “I want to know why Stephen Vincent Benet happened to write about America. Im reading this article to find out.” Or, “Im going to skim this story to see what life was like in medieval Engl
38、and.” Because you know why you are reading or studying, you relate the information to your purpose and remember it better.Reading is not one single activity. At least two important processes go on at the same time. As you read, you take in ideas rapidly and accurately. But at the same time you expre
39、ss your own ideas to yourself as you react to what you read. You have a kind of mental conversation with the author. If you expressed your ideas orally, they might sound like this: “Yes, I agree. Thats my opinion too.” or “Ummmm, I thought that record was broken much earlier. Id better check those d
40、ates,” or “But there are some other facts to be considered!” You dont just sit there taking in ideas - you do something else, and that something else is very important.This additional process of thinking about what you read includes evaluating it, relating it to what you already know, and using it f
41、or your own purposes. In other words, a good reader is a critical reader. One part of critical reading, as you have discovered, is distinguishing between facts and opinions. Facts can be checked by evidence. Opinions are ones own personal reactions.Another part of critical reading is judging sources
42、. Still another part is drawing accurate inferences.一、词汇1make no difference 没有.作用或影响 2specific a. 明确的3suppose v. 假设,以为,认为 4at random 随便地，任意地5happen to (do sth) 碰巧（做某事） 6skim v. 略读7react to 对.做出反应 8take in 接受，理解二、长难句1. It doesnt come as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what yo
43、u read or study if you cant remember it.该句的主干为 It doesnt come as a surprise to you，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构 to realize that ，that 引导的从句做 realize 的宾语。宾语从句为主从复合句，句末为 if 引导的条件状语从句，主干为 it makes no difference，其中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 what you read or study。翻译：如果你不能记住你所读或者所学的东西，那你读什么或学什么就无关紧要了，这一点毫不出奇。三、文章
44、结构分析这篇文章主要探讨阅读和学习中记忆的方法。文章段落分散，语言平实易懂，总体可以分为三个部分。第一部分为第一段，提出现象：指出记忆对于阅读或学习的重要性，并且记忆需要聪明的方法。第二部分为第二至五段，叙述帮助记忆的方法之一：有目的或有原因的阅读。以购物过程和阅读过程做类比说明，有目的或有原因的阅读可以帮助读者获得明确信息并进行良好记忆。第三部分为第六至八段，论述阅读的过程理解内容和批判性地思考评估内容，而后者又包括区分事实与观点、评判信息来源和进行准确推理。四、试题具体分析11. If you cannot remember what you read or study, _.11. 如果
45、你不能记住所阅读或学习的内容，_。A it is no surprise A 这毫不出奇B it means you have not really learned anythingB 这意味着你没有真正学到任何东西C it means you have not chosen the right bookC 这意味着你没有选对阅读的书籍D you realize it is of no importance D 你意识到这无所谓【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。第一段指出如果你不能记住你所读或所学的内容的话，就是在浪费宝贵的时间，即你没有从中学到任何东西，B选项正确。A和D选项偷换概念
46、，第一段指出，如果不能记住所读或所学的内容，那么所读或所学内容无关紧要，这一点毫不出奇，而非“不能记住所读或所学内容”不出奇或无关紧要。C选项无干干扰，从文中无从推知。12. Before you start reading, it is important _.12. 在你开始阅读之前，有必要_。A to make sure why you are reading A 确定你阅读的原因B to relate the information to your purpose B 将信息与目的联系起来C to remember what you read C 记住你所读的内容D to choose
47、 an interesting book D 选择有趣的读物【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。第二段提出一种帮助记忆的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的阅读，换句话说，就是在阅读前确定阅读的目的或原因。A选项正确。B和C选项张冠李戴，它们是阅读和记忆过程中的步骤，而非阅读前的步骤。D 选项无中生有。13. Reading activity involves _. 13. 阅读行为包括_。A only two simultaneous processes A 仅仅两个同时发生的过程B primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them crit
48、icallyB 主要是理解内容和批判性地评估内容C merely distinguishing between facts and opinionsC 仅仅区分事实与观点D mainly drawing accurate inferences D 主要进行准确推理【分析】本题所考查的知识点是：具体细节题。由题干关键词 reading activity 定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出阅读并非一项独立的行为，它包括至少两个同时发生的重要过程。句列出这两个过程：迅速而准确地理解内容和以自己的思维表述对所读内容的反应。B选项是对这两个过程的同义改写，为正确项。A选项以偏概全，第六段首句指出阅读行为至少包括（at least）两个同时发生的过程，而非仅仅（only）这两个过程。 C和D选项张冠李戴， “
