1、Part 11. rare adj. 罕见的，稀有的- adv. rarely2. survive vi. 幸免，幸存- n. survival3. design n.设计，图案 vt. 设计，计划- n. 设计师 designer4. worth prep. 值得，相当于的价值 n. 价值，作用 adj. 值钱的- adj 无价的 worthless- adj. 有价值的，值得的 worthy- adj. 值得花时间或精力的 worthwhile5. valuable adj. 贵重的，有价值的 -n. value- adj 没用的，没价值的 valueless- adj. 无价的 inva
2、luable6. amaze vt. 使吃惊- adj. 感到吃惊的 amazed - adj. 令人吃惊的 amazing - n. amazement7. decorate v. 装修，装饰 - n. decoration8. jewel n. 珠宝，宝石- n.珠宝（总称） jewelry9. doubt n. 怀疑 vt. 怀疑- adj. doubtful 10. evidence n. 证据，根据- adj.明显的 evident11. explode vi. 爆炸- n. explosion12. entrance n. 入口- n. 出口 exit- v.进入 enter13.
3、 informal adj. 非正式的 -（反义）adj. formal14. 1. volunteer n. 志愿者 adj. 志愿的，义务的，vt.&vi. 自愿15. charge vt.&vi. 收费，控诉， n. 费用，主管16. bargain vi. 讨价还价， n. 便宜货pete vi. 比赛，竞赛 -adj.竞争的 competitive- n. 参赛者 competitor-n.比赛，竞赛 competition 18. admit vt.&vi. 容许，承认- n. admission 19. deserve vi.&vt. 应受，值得- adj. deserved20
4、. slave n.奴隶- n. 奴隶制度 slavery 21. regular adj.规则的，定期的- adj. 不规则的，不定期的 irregular- n. regulation 9.basis n. 基础，根据-复数 bases -vt. base -adj. basic 22. athlete n. 运动员 -adj.健壮的，擅长运动的 athletic 23. responsibility n. 责任，职责- adj. responsible24. replace vt. 取代，替换 -n. replacement25. advertise vt.&vi. 做广告，登广告- n
5、. advertisement -n. 广告人 advertiser26. hopeless adj.没有希望的，绝望的- n. &v. hope -adj. hopeful27. anyhow adv. -同义词 anyway 28. arise vi. 出现，发生-过去式 arose - 过去分词 arisen29. solve vt. 解决，解答- n. solution 30. calculate vt. 计算- n. calculation - n. 计算器 calculator 31. universal adj. 普遍的，通用的，宇宙的-n. 宇宙 universe 32. si
6、mplify vt 简化- adj. simple - adv. simply 33. explore vt. & vi. 探索，探测 - n. explorer - n. exploration34. technology n. 工艺，科技- adj. technological 35. intelligence n 智力，聪明- adj. intelligent - adv. intelligently 36. reality n.真实，事实- adj. real - n. realism 37. personal adj. 私人的，个人的- adv. personally - n. pe
7、rsonality 38. application n. 应用，申请 - vt. apply - n. 申请人 applicant 39. affect vt. 影响-n. effect- n. 喜爱，钟爱 affection 40. appreciate vt.欣赏，感激- n. appreciation 41. succeed vi. 成功 vt. 接替- n. success - adj. successful- adv. successfully 42. harm n.& vt. 损害，危害- adj. harmful - adv. harmfully 43. employ vt. 雇
8、佣，利用- n.员工 employee - n. 雇主 employer 44. mercy n. 仁慈，宽恕- adj. merciful -adj. (反义 ) merciless 45. protect v. - n. protection46. loss n.损失，遗失 - vt. lose - n. 失败者 loser - adj. 迷路的，迷失的 lost 47. respond vi 回答，响应 - n. response 48. distant adj.远的- adv. distantly - n. distance 49. attention n. 注意，关注- v. att
9、end50. secure adj. 安全的，可靠的- n.security 51. bite vt.& vi. 叮咬-过去式 bit - 过去分词 bitten52. inspect vt. 检查，视察-n. inspection - n. inspector 53. perform vi.&表演，执行 - n. performance- n. performer54. passer-by 过路人，行人 - 复数形式 passers-by55. humorous adj.幽默的- n. humor56. attractive adj. 有吸引力的- vt. attract- n. attra
10、ction57. confident adj. 自信的 -n. confidence58. brief adj. 简短的，简要的，n. 摘要，大纲- adv. briefly59. sensitive adj. 敏感的- adv. sensitively- n.感受 sense60. painful adj. 痛苦的- adv. painfully - n. pain61. devotion n. 投入，热爱- vt. devote- adj. devoted62. invite v. 邀请- n. invitationPart 21 .survive sth._survive the war
11、/an earthquake_survive on_A survive B（by）_survivor n._survival n._名师点津：survive 表示幸免于时，是不及物动词，因而不加介词 in, from 等2. by design=on purposedesign sb./ sth. to do sth.design sb./ sth. for.be designed for/to do sth.be designed as3. removefromremove fromtoremove sb. from schoolremove ones doubt/trouble区分remo
12、ve 着重于离开或脱离原来的位置，处所，职位等多是有意识地移动 remove作搬家时无被动语态move 主要指改变位置或姿势，用于搬家时 move 比 remove 常用4. There is (some) doubt whetherhave(no)doubt thatThere is no doubt about sth./thatwithout doubtI dont doubt that=Im sure/certain thatI doubt it /whether=Im not sure/certain if/whether5. be worth +n.be worth doingbe
13、 worth itbe worthy of +n.be worthy of being donebe worthy to be doneIts worthwhile doing to do6. evidenceThere is some evidence thatin evidenceIts evident that7. fancyto befancyasfancy sb. doing sth.have a fancy for sth.catch/take sb. fancytake a fancy to sb./sth.8. remain +adj.sth. remains to be do
14、neremain behindremain in=stay inremain up=stay upthe remaining money9. wonder at sth.wonder to do sth.wonder about sth.I wonder if /whetherno wonderIts a wonder thatwork wonders10. consider sb. to have done sth.consider it+n./adj. for sb. to do sth.consider doing sth.consider+疑问词+to do sth.consideri
15、ng thattake into considerationunder considerationall things considered11. pretend to do sth.pretend to be doing sth.pretend to have done sth.pretend that12. besidesprep.除之外还，相当于 as well as，including to.，in addition to，apart fromadv.而且，还有 再说 相当于 in addition. Also13. debate sth. with sb.debate with sb
16、. about/on sth.beyond debateunder debate14. in search ofin ones search forsearch sth./ sb.search for=look forsearchfor15. in returnin return forin returnby turns16. belong to 表示是的财产，是的组成部分，是的成员不用于被动语态和进行时态，作后置定语时常用现在分词形式belong 还可用于除 to 以外的其他介词或副词前面如 in on under with 等 表示某人某物处在适当的位置，在这个地方正合适/有用17. ta
17、ke aparttell/know apartstand apartapart from18. think highly ofthink highly/well/much ofthink ill/poorly/badly/little ofthink nothing of19. at warat peaceat workat schoolat tableat playat sea20. compete incompete with/against pete for pete to do21. admit n./doing/having done/that-clauseadmit sb./sth
18、. to be/asadmit that.It is admitted that.admit sb. to/into.be admitted to/into.22. charge sb. for sth.charge sb. with sth./doing sth.in charge ofin the charge oftake charge offree of charge23. bargain with sb. about/over/for sth.make a bargain(with sb.）a good/bad bargainThat is a bargain.24. deserve
19、 consideration/attentiondeserve to dodeserve doing/to be done25. on a regular basishave no regular educationa regular customerkeep regular hoursbe regularly invited to do sth.26. replace sth. by/with.replace sth.replace sb. as.take the place of/take ones placein place of27. relate.to/with.be related
20、 torelate toin relation tohave relations with sb.have relation to sth.28. promise sb. sth.=promise sth. to sb.promise to do sth.promise sb. to do sth.promise + that-clause29. 表动作：marry=get marriedmarry sb.=get married to sb.表状态:be marriedbe married to sb.30. stand forstand sth./doing sth.stand bysta
21、nd outstand on ones own feet31. as wellas well as 作连词as well as 作 well 的同级比较结构may/might as well do sth.32. take part intake an active part inparticipate inplay a part in辨析 take part in, join, join in, join sb. in doing sth., attend33.work outwork onwork off34. used to do sthbe/get used to doinguse t
22、o do 35. every four yearsevery two days=every second day=every other dayevery few yearsevery four metres36. one by oneone another=each otherone after the other37. signal (to)sb to do sth signal (sb) thatgive singals/a signal (to do)a danger/warning/traffic signal易混辨析symbolsignalsignmark38.arise from
23、/out of39. remind sb. of sb. / sth.remind sb. to do sth40. the total population ofa total failurein totaltotally41. in commoncommon sensecommon interestshave nothing in common have little in common have something in common in common with42. have the advantage ofhave/gain/win an advantage over take a
24、dvantage ofto ones advantage= to the advantage of sbweigh advantages and disadvantagesdisadvantage 43. provide. sb with sthprovide for the futureprovided/ providing thatprovide sth. for sb=provide sb. with sthsupply sb. with sth=supply sth to sboffer sb sth=offer sth to sb44. face realitybecome a re
25、alityin reality=in factcome into reality45. as a resultas a result ofresult fromresult in46. in a wayby way ofby the way原形 词形变化 过去式 过去分词 现在分词ariseriseraisearousein this wayin the /sb wayin no wayon ones way toall the way47. deal withIts a deal48.with the help ofhelp sb outcant help to do sthcant hel
26、p but do sthbe of help=be helpful 49. watch overwatch outbe on the Watch forkeep Watchkeep a watch on50. after allat allnot at allin allabove allall in allfirst of all51. have an effect on/uponaffection n.52. appreciate +n. /pron. /v-ingI would appreciate it if/whenappreciation53. succeed in(doing)
27、sthsucceed to sthsuccessful .adjsuccessfully advbe successful in(doing) sth.success n.54.employ sb to do sth be employed in doing sth=employ oneself in(doing) sth.employment n.out of employmentemployer n.employee n.55. in reliefto ones reliefrelieve vt.56. contain vt.container n.including 为介词，放在所包括的
28、事物之前，included 为形容词，放在被修饰名词之后。57. show mercy to have mercy on sb at the mercy of sb lts mercy that without mercy be merciful to towards sb 58. reserve sth for sb/sthreserve ones opinionwith/without reservein reserve59. do sb harmdo harm to sthdo more harm than goodharmful adjharmless adj.60. apply to
29、 sb for sthapplytoapply for sth apply oneself to (doing) sth=be applied to (doing) sth62. suggest doing sth lts suggested that sb (should)do sthsuggest that sb. (should) do sth make a suggestionsuggestion 的同位语从句，和 suggest (建议)引导的宾语从句样，要求谓语动词使用(should)do 形式名师点津:suggest that 中的 that 从句并非总用虚拟语气；表示 ”建议做
30、某事“表示”暗示，表明“ ，则不用虚拟语气 。63. in response tomake a response toresponse to64. make a loss suffer a lossat a loss make up the losslose face lose ones handbe lost in lose ones balance65. burst into tears = burst out cryingburst into laughter=burst into laughing66. die outdie awa ydie downdie offdie ofdie
31、from66. pay attention todraw/ attract/ catch ones attentionturn ones attention tofix/ focus/ concentrate ones attention ondevote ones attentionbring sth to ones attentionhave sbs attention67. protect sb./ sth. from/againstunder the protection ofprevent /keep/stop sb. from doing sthdefend from/agains
32、t68. come into beingcome into actioncome into officecome into powercome into usecome into force come into effect69. in danger (of)out of dangerfull off dangera danger to70. in peacehold ones peacelive in peace with sbat peacekeep the peacemake peace withpeace-lovingpeace-maker71. pretend to be + n./
33、adj.pretend to do sthpretend to be doing sthpretend to have done sthpretend (that)名师点津：和 pretend 有类似用法（后接 to do/to be doing/to have done）的动词还有 happen, appear, seem, claim 等及 be said to 结构72. attach.to.attach great importance/ significance to sthattachedbe attached to73. form the habit of doing sth.=
34、fall/ get into the habit of doing sthin the form oftake the form offill in/out the formbe in/out of form74.be familiar withbe familiar tobe similar to.75. perform the role ofperform/ play a.role inperform an operationperform ones duty/promiseperformanceput on/ give a performperformer76. sensitivebe
35、sensitive to_be sensitive about_易混辨析sensitive “敏感的；易受伤害的；灵敏的” be sensitive to“对敏感”sensible “明智的；意识到的”be sensible of“ 意识到，认识到allergic “对过敏的”be allergic to“ 对过敏；对 十分敏感77. earn a/ones livingearn a reputationearn good money78. stick 过去式 stuck 过去分词 stuckstick withstick outstick tostick together名师点津：（1）st
36、ick to 后接名词或代词时是指“遵守；信守；不放弃；坚守；坚持；坚持干”常与表示“真理、原则、观点、决定、计划、理论” 的词语连用（2）insist on 后接名词或动名词表示“坚持认为/ 说或坚决主张；坚决要求某物；坚持做”79. n.:火柴；比赛；对手；颜色、款式相匹配的东西；（婚姻）绝配v.: 与相配；相配；与相匹敌易混辨析：match 与相配 与一致 将配对suit 多指和乎需要、口味、性格、条件、地位等fit 多指衣服鞋帽等适合某人的尺寸80. it occurs to sb that.it occurs to sb to do sth81. rely on 依赖；依靠rely
37、on sb to do sthrely on ones doing sthrely on it that.depend on/uponcount on/upon82. break upbreak downbreak inbreak intobreak outbreak away frombreak throughbreak off83. or so名师点津：or so“大约，左右”，通常位于数量词之后。about, some, around 均有“ 大约”之意，但它们都位于数词之前。84. sort outsort.into.sort ofall sorts of84. to be hones
38、t85. play jokes onmake jokes about sbmake/tell a joke_have a joke with sbtreat.as a jokeplay a trick on/uponmake fun of85. in additionin addition to_as well as_apart from._except._except for._except that._besides_Part 31. Tom couldnt have finished his homework in such little time. could have done st
39、h.本来能做但未做(表示埋怨或训斥)，可能做过(表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测)couldnt have done sth.过去不可能做过某事，一定没做过某事2. In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitness to believe and which not to believe. 疑问词+动词不定式经常用在某些动词后做宾语这些动词有 tell, show, know, learn, forget, wonder 等此用法中的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致 ，否则用相应的从句。疑问词+动词不定式还可在句中做主语或表语3. The
40、re is no doubt that he is honest.Theres no doubt that毫无疑问该句是固定句式当 doubt 前有否定词时其后用 that 引导同位语从句，当 doubt 前无否定词时，既主句为肯定句时 后面用whether 引导从句注意不可用 if 替换 whetherThere is no doubt that our experiment will succeed.= There is no doubt about the success of our experiment.毫无疑问，我们的实验会成功的。There is some doubt wheth
41、er he can when the first prize.他是否能赢的一等奖还有些疑问。There is +no need to do sth.There is +no point in doing sth.There is +no possibility to do sth.4. No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women.nor/neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语， “也不这样”so+助动词/be/ 情态动词+ 主语， “也是如此”so+主语+助动词/系动词 /情态动词， “.的确如此”若前面句子有
42、肯定又有否定，或形式不同，就用 So it is/ was with/ It is/was the same with5. Theres as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympics medals. (as muchas)as+adj.+a/an+n.+asas+many/much+n.+as否定：not so/as.as6. This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will
43、 become.the+比较级+主语+谓语， the+比较级+主语+ 谓语 ,“越越”比较级+and+比较级, “越来越”7. I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece”. what 引导宾语从句，并在从句中作 call的宾语。8. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told. 名词 such, 形副 so, 多多少少也用 so, little 属特殊，小用 such, 少用 so so
44、+ adj./adv. +that 从句so + adj. +a（n）+单数可数名词 +that 从句so+ many/few +复数名词+that 从句so+ much/little+不可数名词+that 从句such+ a（n） （+adj.）+单数可数名词+that 从句such+（+adj.）+复数可数名词 +that 从句such+（+adj.）+不可数名词 +that 从句当 so/such 放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装9. As time goes by, I was made smaller.as 为连词引导时间状语从句with 为介词，后接名词或代词，构成 with 短语或
45、with 的复合结构。10. I think its impossible to live without computer.Its kind of you to come to help me.It is+adj/n+（ for/of sb） to do sth，for 前的形容词通常是 difficult, necessary, important, quick, easy 等，这些形容词多与事物的特征有关。Of 的形容词常是wise, kind, stupid, silly, bright, nice, good 等，这些形容词常与人的性格特点有关。11. Id like to help
46、 as the WWF suggests.as 作为连词的用法(1)”如同，按照“，引导方式状语从句(2)”当时，一边一边，随着”，引导时间状语从句(3)”因为，既然“，引导原因状语从句(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，(从句使用部分倒装，即将形容词，副词，名词，动词等放于 as 前面；单数可数名词提前时应省掉冠词)(5)引导比较状语从句，常用于”asas” 句型，意为“ 像一样”(第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是名词)12. They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.way 表示方式，方法时 :(1)定语
47、从句常用 in which 或 that 引导，也可省略引导词，此时关系词在从句中作状语(2)way 后接定语从句时，如果关系词在句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时可省略。(3)其后还可接不定或 of doing sth。13. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being(1)long before 相当于 long long ago, 意为“ 很久很久以前，常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语，before 后可以跟从句。(2
48、)before long 相当于 soon 或 a little later, 意为不久，不久以后，常与将来时，过去时态连用，在句中作状语，不可直接加从句。(3)lt was not long before +从句 不久就(从句用过去时)lt will not be long before +从句 过不了多久就(主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时)(4)lt will be long before +从句 要过很久才14. She turned round and there was an antelope with a sad face looking at her.with 的复合结构(1) with + n + /doing/done/adj/adv/介词短语(2) with+pron+to do 15. Freddy and his band could not go anywhere without being followed.not without”没有就不能”，双重
