1、阅读理解解题技巧,主旨大意型,事实细节型,词 义 猜 测 型,命 题 类,推 理 判 断 型,Step Two: How to Dealing with the Problems on Reading Comprehension,一、主旨大意题 （做题要领）,1. 干扰项 可能属文中某个具体事实或细节。,2. 干扰项 可能属从文中某些 (不完全的) 事实或细节片面推出的错误结论。,3. 干扰项 可能属非文章事实的主观臆断。,(正确答案) 是根据文章意思全面理解而归纳概括出来的；但不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。,1)What does the writer mainly tell us? 2)
2、Which of the following can summar-ize the main idea of this text?3)Which of the following best expresses the main idea?4)Which is the subject discussed in the text?6)Whats the best title for this passage?,主旨大意题的常见的提问形式:,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-主旨大意题,方法指导,1、确定主题句； （如：“for example” “first” “second”等之
3、前的句子中或者 “all in all” “above all” 等之后的句子后。） 2、文章“着墨”最多的点即文章的主旨意。,Return,How to find the topic sentences?,Features of the topic sentences：1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括； 2).主题句一般结构简单； 3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相 互题句所表达的思想的。,Example 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal un
4、less they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, Fren
5、ch fries and a soft drink.,（1）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细节。,练中学,练中学,Example 2Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised t
6、o satisfy all same time.,(2)主题句也会出现在段尾。作者先摆出事实依据, 层层推理论证, 最后自然得出结论, 即段落的主题。,Example 3 Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Fin
7、ding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,(3)在短文中间主题句也可以安排在段中间, 此时前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 然后再作进一步的解释, 支持或发展.,练中学,_,_,Passage 1 In spite of the fact that cars from Germany and Japan are
8、 flooding the American market, Ford, General Motors and Chrysler are employing more workers than ever before. The flood of cheaper for-eign cars has not cast American autoworkers their jobs as some experts predicted. Ford operates as far as Asia, and General Motors is considered Australians biggest
9、employer. Yet General Motors has its huge American work force and employs hundreds of people every day to meet the needs of an insatiable(不能满足的）society.,练习题,细节题,解释,Question: Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the paragraphA. GM is one of the largest car producers.B. Fo
10、rd operates not only in the U.S.A., but also in Asia.C. The foreign cars have not taken away the jobs of American autoworkers.D. The flood of the cheaper foreign cars is terrible for American autoworkers.,文章,解释,【解析】答案为C。take sth. away of sb.和 cast sb. sth. 的意思相似。 本段落以一、二句引出要表达的主题，在主题句出现后，再举例子陈述细节或继续
11、论证。 寻找主题句往往是做好此类题的关键。每段的主题句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和归纳分析)一般都用来表示一个段落的主旨大意。,文章,文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由；有关细节的问题常对文中某个词语、某句子、某段落等细节及事实进行提问，所提问题一般可直接或间接在文章中找到答案。,提问的特殊疑问词常有：what, who, which, where, how, why 等。,事实细节型,解题原则：忠实于原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。,1）Which of the following statement is true?2）Which of the following
12、is not mentioned in the text?3）The author ( or the passage) states that_.4）According to the passage, when ( where, why, how, who, what, which, etc.)_?,在阅读理解中，要求查找主要事实和特定细节问题常有以下几种命题方式：,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-事实细节型,Passage2 The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to
13、 supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the
14、chart shows,练习题,解释,第三节,Q1) _ calories are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90. A. 55 B. 175 C. 325 D. 275,Q2) Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does. B. A boy aged 16 require
15、s nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does. C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does. D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.,解释,文章,【解析】答案为 D 。 根据文章细节内容，计算公式为： (90-35)51=275【解析】答
16、案为 C 。 根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很易找出 C 符合图表内容。,文章,同义法 常在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，它们连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此可以推测。,反义法 如 hot and cold, give and receive等，或前句为肯定，后句为否定。总之，词与词间都起着互为线索的作用。,释义法 对文章中的生词用定语（从句）、表语甚至于用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明。,词义猜测型,情景推断法、代词替代法等,判断词义,1）文中找线索或信息词;2) 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句
17、中确切意思。,做题要领,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-词义猜测型,Q: Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word “illiterate” A. repeat B. reiterated C. uneducated D. sick Passage3: Most women in Ghana the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old work to earn an income in add
18、ition to maintaining their roles as housewi- ves and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved(应得的，值得的).,解 释,第四节,解 释,这段文字中讲到加纳这个国家中 的大多数妇女，受过教育的 （educated）和没有受过教育的 （illiterate）；住在城市的 （urban）和住在农村的（rural），年轻的（young）和年长的（old）正好是一对
19、对反义词。因此选 C 项。,本题答案选C,推理判断题：着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有： The passage implies (暗示) that_. We can conclud
20、e (得出结论) from the passage that_.Which of the following can be inferred (推论)?What is the tone (语气) of the author ?What is the purpose (目的) of this passage?The passage is intended to _.Where would this passage most probably appear?,阅读理解基础训练,Basic Training,-推理判断型,One day a man walked into a pet shop an
21、d said to the shop assistant，“I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised. “Well，”replied the man，“Im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that I should leave the house in exactly
22、the same condition as I found it.”Q： The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlordC. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects,_,_,_,_,* Pay attention to the usage of the Cleft Sentence and Non-Predicate Verbs. * Learn to apply these skills to finish exercises on Reading Comprehension.,Practice makes Perfect!,Conclusion:,Thank You,Your Advice is welcome,Successs ahead!,
