1、并列(and) 关系 类A, 排序/列举(sequencing/listing)First of allin the first placeto begin withafter this/thatFollowing this/thatafterwards(然后，后来地)the first (reason) isFirst(ly)after thatfinallyB, 递进 (reinforcing)AlsoBesidesFurthermoreIn additionMoreoverwhats more C, 等同 (equating)In the same waylikewisesimilarl
2、yAccordinglyequally importantnot only but(also)D, 总结 (summarising)In conclusionin summaryIn shortlastlyTo concludeto sum upFinallyall in allE, 举例(referring)For examplefor instancein particular（特别是）Particularlysuch asthat is to sayNamely a (good) case in point to illustrateF, 结果(showing results)As a
3、resultConsequentlyHencesoThereforeTherebyThusfor this reasonLeads tocause选择(or)类A, 推断(inferring)In other wordsin that casethen(or) elseotherwiseB, 替换 (giving alternatives)Alternativelyon the other handthen againC, 重复 (restating)In other wordsthat is to sayto put it simply转折(but)类A, 比较/对比(contrasting
4、) Converselyin comparisonin contrast to this InsteadNeverthelesson the contraryOn the other hand whereas while/whilstB, 让步 (conceding)After allall the sameeven if Although/though/even though howeverstillIn spite of / despite this/ thatNeverthelessNonethelessyetExercises: 线索 1：定义a. The harbor is prot
5、ected by a jetty a wall built out into the water.b. Jane is indecisive, that is, she cant make up her mind.线索 2：重述a. He had a wan look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.b. I am a resolute man. Once I set up a goal, I wont give it up easily.线索 3：普遍知识a. The door was so low that I hit
6、 my head on the lintel.b. Mark got on the motorbike, I sat behind him on the pillion, and we roared off into the night. 线索 4：相关信息a. Just before the exam Carls hands shook and sweated so much that he could not hold a pen. His heart beat fast and his stomach ached, even though he knew the subject very
7、 well. He really had a strange phobia about taking tests. 线索 5：例子a. Select any of these periodicals: Time, Newsweek, Readers Digest or the New Yorker. b. She is studying glaucoma and other diseases of the eye.线索 6：比较a. Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time. 线索 7：比喻a
8、. The hot-air balloon took off. It was as buoyant in the air as a cork in water. 线索 8：构词知识(un-, im-,-less, -ness, -ion, -ist)1) 前缀a. He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious, for a few minutes.b. Im illiterate about such things.2）后缀c. Insecticide is applied where it is needed.d. Then the vapor may change into droplets.3）复合词e. Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.f. Bullfight is very popular in Spain.
