1、1中考英语阅读理解填词解题技巧 1.通过因果关系猜词 通过因果关系猜词，首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如 because，as ，since ，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore 等等) 表示前因后果。例如： You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通过 for 引出的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错) ，可猜出 blame 的词义是“责备“ 。2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词 通过同义词猜词，一是要看由 and 或 or
2、 连接的同义词词组，如 happy and gay，即使我们不认识 gay 这个词，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词，如 Man has known something about the planets Venus， Mars，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的 Venus(金星)、Mars(火星)、Jupiter(木星)均为生词，但只要知道 planets 就可猜出这几个词都属于“行星“ 这一义域。通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如 but，while ，however 等；二是看与 not
3、搭配的或表示否定意义的词语，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根据 not at all.handsome 我们不难推测出 homely 的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3.通过构词法猜词 在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。4.通过定义或释义关系来推测词义 例如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long ，long time.Then
4、 there is a dry period，or drought. 从 drought 所在句子的上文我们得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的时期，即 drought，由此可见 drought 意思为“久旱“ ，“旱灾“。而 a dry period 和 drought 是同义语。这种同义或释义关系常由 is，or，that is，in other words，be called 或破折号等来表示。5.通过句法功能来推测词义 例如：Bananas ，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm are
5、as.假如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出 pineapples，coconuts 和bananas，oranges 是同类关系，同属 fruit 类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。6.通过描述猜词 描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole.It is fat and walks in a funny way.Alth
6、ough it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.从例句的描述中可以得知 penguin 是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。2“短文改写填空”型阅读理解题的解答技巧是：首先，通读全文，对文章的大意有个初步的了解。同时找出文章中的关键句，在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点。然后，纵览缩写后的短文，在了解其大意的同时，确定所要填写的内容，即词语或短语是否与已知文段中的相一致。填写时，一定要仔细。比如，有的属于固定搭配，有的句子是文中原句的同义句，这些只要稍加注意，就可避免出错。同时还要注意动词
7、时态、人称、名词单复数是否有误，首字母是否大写，句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等。最后，将改写后的文章再通读一遍。看看改写后的短文是否流畅，语句是否通顺。同时还要照顾到原文，看改写后的短文是否与原文意思相符合。 My grandfather was a teacher. He was the headmaster of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen. I know that he was a kind man because when I was young (and he was old.), he gave
8、 me presents, and sat me on his knees, and told me stories. But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him. At school, when he walked into a room full of noisy boys, they stopped talking at once. When he looked at a boy with a certain(某种) look in his eyes, that boy was red in the face，and l
9、ooked down at his shoes. If a boy brought him poor, careless work, my grandfather picked up the boys book and threw it across the room, shouting, “Do it all again, and bring it back first thing in the morning!” If the boy was late, or if he forgot to bring his work, he had to do it again, and again,
10、 and yet again. My grandfather never forgot. At school, he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home.根据短文内容改写，每个空格只限填写一个单词。When I was young, I studied at a 1 school. We were all 2 thirteen and eighteen. Our headmaster was 3 old man. He was kind, but all of 4 were afraid of him
11、. For example, we were playing, talking and laughing 5 he came in, at once, the classroom became quiet. If a boy didnt 6 his homework well or carefully, he would be very 7 , and asked the boy to do it again and 8 . But his 9 told he never did things 10 that at home.1.boys。答案就在短文的第一句话之中。但要注意词形的转换，这里要
12、用名词所有格形式。2.between。文章第一句中的“of a school for boys between the ages of thirteen and eighteen.”是答案的依据。3.an。这个小题比较简单，用不着联系短文内容，仅凭语法知识就能解答。old 以元音音素开头，所以填写不定冠词 an。4.us。由“But I believe the boys at his school were afraid of him.” 可知孩子们都害怕他。短文是以第一人称的口吻写的，而改写的短文则是以学生们的身份写的。弄清了这一点，此空即能做出。35.when。短文第二自然段开头的那句话同
13、样是一个以 when 引导的时间状语从句。6.dofinish。 由“If a boy brought him poor, careless work”这句话，不难联想到是学生没有认真做(完成)作业。7.angry。由“If a boy brought him poor, careless work, my grandfather would pick up the boys book and throw it across the room，shouting”这句话可知，如果某个男孩没有很好地完成作业，祖父就会把那位学生的书本扔到外面，并大声训斥他重做。显然，祖父是因为生气了才这么做的。8.
14、again。由“If the boy was late, or if he forgot to bring the work, he would have to do it again, and again, and yet again.”这句话可以确定此空要填写 again 一词。9.grandson。原文是从 the headmaster 的孙子的角度，写爷爷在学校与在家里的不同表现的，联系第一自然段和“At school, he was very different from the man I saw day by day in his own home.”这句话，可知填写 grand
15、son 是最恰当的。10.like。通常全文，可知作者想表达的意思是“祖父在学校里的表现与在家中的表现截然不同”。换言之，则是 “祖父在学校的表现从来都不象在家中的样子”。由此可以得出这里要填介词 like (像 一样)。In the future, machines will be improved and do more and more work for man. Few people have to work for long hours. Man will have more time for leisure. How will he use this leisure in the
16、world of tomorrow? Certainly he will still need holidays. In the future, the computer will help people to find the right place. The computer will ask them questions which they will answer by pressing a button. Itll also show them pictures and they will say which ones they like, then the computer wil
17、l tell them where to find the place they want for holiday. TV will be used more in education. It will also help people to use their leisure time well. There will be more programmes on how to make and how to do things. In the future people will certainly have to do less work. Machines will take more
18、and more work from man. This means that the rest of the time will be mostly leisure time. Some scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere. According to other scientists, a man will put on a small cap. The cap will make hi
19、m see, feel and hear all kinds of enjoyable things. 根据短文内容, 完成下列各题。1.In the future, _ will do more and more work for man, so man will do _ work. 2.People will spend more time _ _ in the future. 3._ _ can help us to find the place where we want to spend our holiday. 44.TV will be more useful in _ and
20、 help people use their _ time well. 5.People will live an enjoyable life _ going _. 1. machines; less 由第一段可知在将来，机器会代替人类做更多的工作，所以人类的工作会更少。2. for leisure/enjoying themselves 由第一段 Man will have more time for leisure. 一句可知人们将会有更多的时间休息。3. The computer 由第三段可知电脑将会帮助人类找到他们想要度假的地方。4. education; leisure 由文中 T
21、V will be used more in education. It will also help people to use their leisure time well. 两句中得到答案。5. without; anywhere 在文章最后一段 Some scientists say that man of the future will be able to get enough pleasure and enjoyment on his own without going anywhere. 中可得知答案。(In court (法庭), the judge asks the bo
22、y named Henry some questions.) Judge: Can you tell us how the accident happened? Henry: Yes, sir. The farmer drove very fast when I met with him. His car knocked me down and hurt my arm. Judge: (To the farmer) Was that right? Farmer: No, sir. But it rained heavily and I couldnt drive fast. Judge: So
23、 you dont think you knocked him down? Farmer: Yes, I did. But I didnt see him mending his bike in the middle of the road. Judge: Well. Did you send him to a hospital? Farmer: Yes. But the doctor said there was nothing serious to him. Judge: (To Henry) Do you agree with him? Henry: Yes, sir. But my l
24、eft arm often hurts and I cant lift it at all. Judge: Could you show us how you can lift it now? Henry: Sure. (Slowly the boy lifts his arm below his nose.) Judge: Poor boy! And how high could you lift it before the accident? Henry: Oh, I could lift it very high like this. (Holding his left arm up o
25、ver his head) Judge: But I dont think theres something wrong with your arm. Henry: I.I.So it is. But my lawyer (律师) tells me to do so. 根据上面的对话，在短文的空白处填写一个适当的词，使短文内容与对话意思相符。 It happened on a (1)_ day. A boy named Henry was (2)_ his bike on the road while a farmers (3)_ knocked him down. The farmer se
26、nt him to a hospital and the 5doctor said nothing (4)_ happened to the boy. But his parents hoped the boy could be paid more (5)_ for it. They asked for a lawyers (6)_ .The lawyer taught the boy (7)_ to say in court. Henry told the judge his arm hurt and that he couldnt (8)_ it up. The judge asked h
27、im to show it to him. He could lift it below his nose. The judge asked him how (9)_ he could lift it before the accident. The boy (10)_ what the lawyer said and lifted it over his head!Dear editor,I am not a good-looking boy and I am not good at studying, either. Some people dont even want to talk t
28、o me. So I usually feel lonely. Sometimes I think that if I want to leave home, nobody will care. How can I stop feeling like this?PeterDear Peter,But first, I am sure that you are wrong that nobody will care if you leave your home. What about your parents? And other family members? It seems that yo
29、u are very sad. Youd better go to see a doctor or talk to your parents. They can help you. Second, Im sure theres someone in your class who feels lonely, too. You never know how other people feel inside. Try to make friends with them. Or you join a club to meet new people and to keep yourself busy.
30、You need to find happiness in yourself. Write a list of all the good things about yourself. Learn to like yourself, and then others will see your confidence (信心) and like you, too.Editor1. Peter isnt good at and he feels _.2. He writes to the editor to ask for _ because he wants to _feeling lonely.
31、3. If Peter joins a club, he can new people and keep busy.4. The editor suggests (建议) that Tom should talk to a and his .5. Peter is lack of (缺少) and he needs to find _ in himself.1. studying, lonely 2. help, stop 3. meet, himself 4. doctor, parents 5. confidence, happinessOnce Ei tei gave a lecture
32、 in many place in America His driver alway listened to him and knew the lecture so well that he was sure he could give it himself So Ei tei agreed that the driver gave the lecture himNobody knew Ei tei there, the driver gave the lecture for Ei tei that evening At first he was a bit afraid, but Ei te
33、in s smile made him feel betterHe gave a good lecture and the people were quite pleasedThe the driver started to leave and Ei tei followed him 6without a wordWhen they got to the door, a man asked the driver a difficult questionThe driver said that the question was very easy, and told the man to ask
34、 his driver behind to answer it根据短文内容填空，每空限填一词。Ei tei gave the (1) _ lecture again and again His driver (2) _ to his lecture too many times (3) _ he wanted to give it (4) _ When Ei tei knew it, he let the driver (5) _ the lecture for him that nightThe driver gave a (6) _ lecture and the great scientist was quite pleasedWhen they were (7) _ the lecture room, a man asked the driver a questionTo show (8) _easy the question was, the driver asked Ei tei who followed him (9) _ to answer it (10)_ of himKEY: 1same 2listened 3that 4himself 5give 6good 7leaving 8how 9quietly(behind) 10instead
