1、 1宾语从句宾语从句三大块: 1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择； 2. 宾语从句的语序； 3. 宾语从句的时态。.宾语从句的引导词1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用 that 引导，that 无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用 if 或 whether 引导，意为 “是否”。如：(1) Is Jim a good st
2、udent? I dont knowI dont know if /whether Jim is a good student.(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?注意：只能用 whether 不用 if 的三种情况 一般情况下，if 和 whether 可以互换，但以下 3 种 情况只能用 whether： 与 or not 连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you c
3、an come or not. 在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings 在不定式之前： We havent decided whether to go there. I dont know whether to accept or refuse.3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?Can you tell me what she is doing?2.W
4、here does she live? Do you know?Do you know where she lives?.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序句式 连词 语序 例句陈述句 That 不变 I think that we can be good friends.一般疑问句 if/whether 改为陈述语序 I cant remember if I posted the letter.特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 改为陈述语序 He asked who was our English teacher.注意事项:(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及 what, who 作主语时，语序不变：Whats
5、 wrong? Whats the matter?Whats happening?eg:I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there?.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是_时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where well go fishing tomorrow.Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?22. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时
6、，宾语从句只能用相应的_时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时） 。例如：一般现在时态 一般过去时态现在进行时态 过去进行时态(was/were doing)现在完成时态 过去完成时态（had +过去分词）一般将来时态 过去将来时态（would do;was/were going to do）He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon. 主句 一般现在时态 一般过去时态从句 保留原来时态 改为过去的某个时态客观事实和自然现象除外1.从
7、句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.直接引语与间接引语（1）一、定义直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做“直接引语”；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号，这叫做“间接引语”。实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句（其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式）。例如：John said, “Im going to London with my father.” John said that he was going to London with his father.
8、二、用法直接引语变间接引语时，要用连接词引导，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语要做相应的变化。具体有：（一）人称的变化：在将直接引语变间接引语时，人称变化有一句顺口溜：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”。具体内容是：（1）“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。例如：She said, “My brother wants to go with me.”She said her brother wanted to go with her. 她说她弟弟想和她一起去。（2）“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引
9、语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。例如：He said to Kate, “How is your sister now?” He asked Kate how her sister was then. 他问凯特她的妹妹怎么样了。（3）“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。3例如：Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good worker.”Mr Smith said Jack was
10、a good worker. 史密斯先生说杰克是个好工人。（二）时态的变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的时态不需要变化；如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句的时态要做相应的变化。本单元要掌握的是：当主句的时态是一般过去时时，从句如果是一般现在时，应变为一般过去时。其他时态变化，我们会在下个单选详细讲解。（三）状语、指示代词、动词的变化： 1. 时间状语直接引语 间接引语now thentomorrow the next（following）daytoday that dayyesterday the day beforenext week（mo
11、nth, year，etc.）the next（following）week（month, year，etc.）two days ago two days before last week （month, year, etc.）the week（month, year, etc.）beforethis week（month, year, etc.）that week（month, year, etc.） 2. 指示代词：this 变 that；these 变成 those3. 地点状语：here 变成 there 4. 动词：come 变成 go，bring 变成 take（四）句子结构的变化
12、。直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句，that 在口语中常省略。例如：She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes. 她说他们的公共汽车五分钟后到达。1. 直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，用 tell（ask, advise, order, warn）sb, (not) to do sth. He said to the boy, “Open the window”. He told the boy to
13、 open the window.1. 有些直接引语形式上是疑问句，但实际并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、提议、建议或劝告等意义。“Would you mind closing the door?” he asked. He asked me to close the door.“Why dont you take a walk after supper?” he asked. He advised me to take a walk after supper.42. 直接引语如果是以 Lets开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest doing / that 从句” 。He said
14、, “Lets go to the movies.” He suggested going to the movies. 或 He suggested that they should go to the movies.1. Do you know_ daughter she is? A. whose B. whom C. what D. who2. They wondered if the teacher_ them some English songs the next week.A. would teach B. had taught C. will teach D. taught3.
15、He asked_ picture was Johns. A. whose B. who C. whom D. which4. He told me _ Paris is the capital of France. A. which B. the C. that D. what5. He asked me_ during the summer holiday.A. where I had gone B. where I had beenC. where had I gone D. where had I been6. Can you tell us _ ?A. if your father
16、does B. what does your father do C. your father does what D. what your father does7. He asked me if I knew_ .A. whose pen was it B. whose pen it wasC. whose pen it is D. whose pen is it8. Do you know _ ?A. what are you listening B. what you are listening C. what you are listening to D. what are you
17、listening to9. -Do you know _ ? -Yes. He is a teacher.A, whom he is B. whom is he C. what is he D. what he is10. Im not sure whether _ tomorrow.A. they will arrive B. will they arrive C. they arrive D. they have arrived 用适当的连词填空1. Do you remember_ China sent up her first man-made satellite?2. I aske
18、d him _ he knew Mary.3. I am sure _ you said is true.4. We know_ there is no air on the moon.5. He asked me_ she would come or not.6. Can you tell me_ I can get there?7. Do you know _ it is a bird or not?8. Do you know_ way we should take to get to the hospital?9. She knew _ to do it.10. I dont thin
19、k _ he was wrong.1. Have you decided _ for Australia?A. when will you leave B. when do you leave C. you will leave when D. when you will leave2. Can you tell me _ ?A. where does Tom live B. where Tom lived C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives3. The old man asked me _ .A. where was the cinema B. whe
20、re is the cinema C. where the cinema was D. where was the way to the cinema4. I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how5. I didnt know _ he will come or not. A. that B. whether C. weather D. how56. I wonder _ .A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost C. how much th
21、ese shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost7. She asked me _ . A. who he was B. who was he C. who is he D. who he is8. Ask him _ . A. whose cup this is B. whose cup is this C. this is whose cup D. whose is this cup9. I dont know _ .A. what time the movie starts B. what time starts the movie C. t
22、he time to start the movie D. the movie what time starts10. The doctor asked me how long _ .A. was I ill B. have I been ill C. I have been ill D. I had been ill11. The weather forecast doesnt say _.A. if it rains tomorrow B. if does it rain tomorrow C. if it will rain tomorrow D. if will it rain tom
23、orrow12. Do you know _?A. whose pen is this B. whose pen this is C. whom does the pen belong to D. whom the pen belong to13. Could you tell me where _?A. the tape was B. was the tape C. the tape is D. is the tape14. They want to know _?A. where is the hospital B. how old are you C. when the train wi
24、ll leave D. why is the boy crying15. Tony wanted to know _.A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B. when Father Christmas had put in his stockingC. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking16. No one knows _ the professor will come to
25、our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A. when B. whether C. where D. if17. July didnt know_.A. where is Tims father B. when was the first watch made C. who the old man is D. what was wrong with her watch18. No one told us _, so we need your help.A. how should we do B. what we should do C. wha
26、t to do D. what should we do19. We dont know _ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A. how do it B. how to do C. what do it D. what to do20. He asked me _.A. whether I find out the sender of the money B. whether did I find out the sender of the moneyC. whether the sender of the money fo
27、und out D. whether I found out the sender of the money1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat.2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet.3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home with her.4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in t
28、he east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west.5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me.He _ me that he _ met the day _.6. “Did you see her last week?” he said.He _ _ I had seen her the week _.67. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”He _ Jim that he
29、 _ sit t1. Do you know _ during the coming summer holiday?A. what will Tom do B. what did Tom do C. what Tom will do D. what Tom did2. I want to know_.A. what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is3. Do you know _ I could pass the exam?A. that B. whether C. what D. whic
30、h4. Jim doesnt understand _.A. which is the way to the museumB. why his wife always goes shoppingC. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping5. -Could you tell me _ she is looking for?A. that B. whose C. who D. which6. Mr. King didnt know _ yesterday evening.A. when does his s
31、on come home B. when his son comes homeC. when did his son come homeD. when his son came home7. Could you tell me _ the bike this morning?A. how does he mend B. how he mends C. how he mended D. how did he mend7即学即练 子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said. He said _ these flowers
32、 _ from Guangdong. 2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.My teacher told me _ light _ faster than sound.3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didnt know.Jack didnt know _ there _ _ a meeting in five days.4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know _ _ _ _ French
33、.5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me _ the children _ _ games.6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma ChaoMr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _ _ _ _ _ homework yet.7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?Who knows _ _ _ _ _ _ in the picture?8) Where did she par
34、k her car? Do you know? Do you know _ _ _ her car?89) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.The girl wondered _ _ often _ about.10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I dont know.I don t know _ _ at the door so loudly.11) Does he still live in that street? I dont know.I dont know _ he sti
35、ll _ in that street. 12) Whats his name? I asked him. I asked him what _ _ _ _.13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.Please tell me _ _ _ _.14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _they _fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I dont know. I dont know _
36、 the watch _ made in Shanghai.单项选择1）I hope _ it will snow this winter.A.when B.if C.whether D./答案：D hope 后面应该接 that 引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。2)I dont know _ Mr.Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.A.why B.when C.how D.where答案：A 从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是 “来看我们的原因”。3)I cant remember _
37、 I have seen him before.A.whether B.why C.what D.how答案：A 本句表达一种不确定的概念，用 whether 或 if。4)Do you know _？Im going to see him.Sorry，I dont know.A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li liveC.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived答案：C 宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除 A、B 两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。5)Where do you think _ he _ the c
38、omputer？Sorry，I have no idea.A.；bought B.has；bought9C.did； buy D.does；buy答案：A do you think 是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。6)I cant understand _ he likes computer games so much.A.that B.whether C.why D.where答案：C 句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏 ”。7)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 )Do you know _ the MP3 player last week?Sorry，I ha
39、ve no idea.A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay forC.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for答案：C 宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除 A、 B 两项，由 last week 判断应该用过去时态。8)(2010 北京中考大纲卷 )I dont know _ tomorrow.Can you tell me?A.when we started B.when did we startC.when we will start D.when will we star
40、t答案：C 由 tomorrow 判断，应该用将来时态表示。经典例题例 1 In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.A.that B.how C.what D.if思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字谁动了我的奶酪 ，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣” 。所以答案是 D 项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名 Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一个 who,容易给人造成误解。绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般
41、都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。例 2 I was told _ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑 ”，应该用 when 表示“当时”，本句中的 that 是宾语从句的引导词。所以选 D 项。答案：D黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在 when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，
42、不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。10例 3 (2010 江苏苏州中考)I wonder _.Zebras.A.what do they call these animalsB.how they call these animalsC.what they call these animalsD.how do they call these animals思路解析：本句含义是“ 我想知道他们叫这些动物什么” ，排除 B、D 两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选 C 项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物” 而错选 how，注意本句中隐含句型 ca
43、ll sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人”。绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。例 4 (2010 北京中考)Im different from my twin sister.I love dancing，_ she is interested in reading.A.so B.or C.but D.and思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择 C 项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选 D 项。绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。例 5 (2010 重庆中考)Work hard，_ you may catch up with your classmates soon.A.or B.but C.and D.yet思路解析：本句是“ 祈使句 and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的” ，and 在句中表示承接关系，所以选 C 项。答案：C黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句or” ，这个句型的含义是“，不然的话/否则”。绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加 and，也可以加 or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定
