1、UNIT 1一1. the internal combustion engine 内燃机2. a reciprocating engine 往复发动机3. exhaust emissions 废气排放4. fuel consumption 燃料燃烧5. fuel economy 燃油经济性6. combustion chamber 燃烧室7. hybrid-electric vehicle 混动汽车8. mass production 大规模生产9. dual-fuel vehicle 双燃料汽车10. air-cooled engine 风冷式发动机二1. A diesel engine c
2、ompresses its cylinder air on its compresstion stroke before any fuel enters the cylinder2. The internal combustion engine is the one most commonly used in the automotive field.3. According to the fuel energy used,the internal combustion engines are also divided into gasoline engines,and diesel engi
3、ne.4. The piston converts the potential energy of the fuel into the kinetic energy.5. The power production cycle consists of four strokes of the position in a reciprocating engine.6. The engine is generally considered the “heart” of an automobile7. This four strokes cycle of piston within the cylind
4、er is repeated time and again to push the vehicle foreard.8. There are actually various types of engines such an electric engines,steam engines,and internal combustion engines. 三1. compression ratio : the total volume divided bv the compression volume2. internal combustion engine : burning their fue
5、l inside their cylinders3. engine : a heart of an automobile4. stroke : the movement of the piston within the cylinder and the distance of piston travel5. reciprocating : the up and down action of a piston in the cylinder6. gasoline : a mixture of flammable liquid hydrocarbons derived chiefly from c
6、rude petroleum.四1. If you know something about ordinary gasoline engines, you will have notice that diesel engines, in many respects, work in the same way as gasoline engines.（柴油机的工作方式在很多方面和汽油机是一样的）2. The engine is the source of power that makes the car and the truck move.(使得汽车行驶)3. As it would not
7、be reasonable to have to stop the engine every time it was required to stop the car.(每次都到停车)4. Some of parts make the car move comfortable or better looking, but most of them are to make it run.(有些部件使得汽车更舒适或更美观)5. Not all of this heat can be used, and if allowed to remain in the engine, it would soo
8、n destroy it.(如果让其热量保留在发动机中 )UNIT 2一、1.gasoline engine 汽油机2.in low-speed driving condition 在低速行车条件下3.achieve a variety of different objectives 达到各种不同的目的4.higher energy density 高能量密度5.electric motor 电动机6.air conditioning 空调装置7.regenerative braking 反馈制动8.power source 动力源9.resource consumption 资源消耗10.d
9、ashboard display 汽车仪表板显示二、1. The engine converts the expanding force of combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle.2. The gasoline engine and electric motor shut off automatically so that energy is not wasted in idling.3. Clean cities uses hybrid electric vehicles as a way for coalition
10、s to reduce petroleum consumption.4. Any vehicle without a transmission could be made to move but not smoothly.5. The electric motor applies resistance to the drive-train causing the wheels to slow down.6. The engine turns a high-speed generator, producing electricity.7. An intelligent power-control
11、 system determines the most efficient operation of the engine and energy storage system.8. If 10000 hybrid-electric vehicles were on the road rather than current standard vehicles, substantial reductions in emissions and fuel use would occur annually.三、1. transmission : an automotive assembly of gea
12、rs by which power is transmitted from the engine to a driving axle.2. parking : to put or leave (a vehicle) for a time in a certain location.3. start : to set into motion , operation, or activity.4. battery : a single cell, such as a dry cell, that prouduces an electric current.5. braking : to reduc
13、e the speed of with or as if with a brake.四、1. We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicle concepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)2. There are various types of engines such as electric motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃
14、机)3. The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)4. Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel consumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)5. Hybr
15、id system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles, but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)6. We want hybrid-electric vehicle that reflect the spirit of the time and vehicle concepts that express their individuality.(要能反映出时代精神)7. There are various t
16、ypes of engines such as electric motors, steam engines and internal combustion engines.(电动机、蒸汽机和内燃机)8. The transmission is a speed and power changing device.(一个使速比变化的装置)9. Scientists have still been making efforts to concentrate the future development of engines on the three targets: reducing fuel c
17、onsumption, lowering exhausted emissions, and reducing engine noise.(减少耗油量、降低废气排量以及降低发动机噪声)10. Hybrid system are increasingly becoming more prevalent in light-duty vehicles, but also in transit buses and other heavy-duty vehicles.(正日益变得更加流畅)U5E11. The power train has two maan functions :it conveys p
18、owerfrom the engine to the wheels , and it changes the amount of torque 2. The power train consists of an engine , a transmission ,a clutch , a drive shaft and differential3. The feature of a manual transmission is to deliver engine power to the front wheels and rear wheels 4. manual transmissions u
19、sually have five speeds , which means that the output shaftcan rotate faster than the input5. There are several basic components in the clutch , such as the flywheel , clutch disk , pressure plate , release bearing and linkage.6 Automatic transmissions are used not only in many rear-wheel-dnve and f
20、our-wheel-dnve ve- lcles, but In most front-wheel-dnve ones1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. FE21. manual transmission 手动变速器 2. automatic transmission 自动变速器 3.planetary gear set 行星齿轮组 4. Transaxle assembly 驱动桥总成 5. differential gear 差速器 6. clutch pedal 离合器踏板 7.gearshift lever 变速杆8. release bearing 分离轴承 9.
21、 engine braking 发动机制动 10.torque converter 液力变矩器E31. If youve read about manual transmissions you know hat an engine is connected to a transmission by way of a clutch.2. Cars with an automatic transmission have no clutch that disconnects the transmission from the engine. Instead, they use an amazing
22、device called a torque converter.3. One important function of the power train is to transmit the power of the engine to the wheels.4. The type of transmission ( manual or automatic) determines how the slip joint is connected to the drive shaft.5. The clutch is located between the back of the engine
23、and the front of the transmission6. The face of the flywheel that touches the clutch disc is made of iron Even if the flywheel were aluminum , the face is iron. 7. When the operator presses the clutch pedal ,the clutch release lever or fork .8. The clutch release bearing in most cases, is a ball bea
24、ring assembly with a machined face on one side.E41.clutch : any of various devices for engaging and disengaging two working engaging and disengaging two working parts of a shaft 2.shaft : a long, generally cylindrical bar, especially one that rotates and transmits power 3.transmission : a speed and
25、power changing device 4.gearshift : a mechanism for changing from one gear to another in a 5.transaxle : an automotive part that combines the transmission and the differential and is used on vehicles with front-wheel drive 6.flywheel : a heavy-rimmed rotating wheel used to minimize variations in ang
26、ular velocity E51. The power is then carried from the engine through the power train to the car (通过传动系扒发动机传递到车轮) so that the wheels turn and the car moves.2. ( 如果汽车变速器需要修理和更换) If your car transmission needs repairs or replacement，youve come to the right phone.3. If you wanted a top speed of 80 km/h，
27、then the gear ratio would be similar to third gear ( 速比相近于 3 挡) ,in most manual transmission cars . 4. The torque converter does not require any regular maintenance or adjustments ( 不要求定期维护或调整) ，but it may be possible to change the transmission fluid .5. The drive shaft can be. either open or enclos
28、ed , depending on the type of drive used (取决于所使用的驱动类型)U6E11 If your brakes can work properly , good brakes are essential for safety during dn、 ruvtg.2. The disk brake is the best brake which is generally due to its simpler design , lighter i .elju Ind better braking performance.3 Brake linings used
29、to be made maxnly of metals., because of ats heat absorbing propertlcb4Caliper is an important part, and it must be replaced if it indicates a sign of leak！ng lbfa_e Eutd. .lc 5 The reason why we still have cars wlth drum brakes ls cheap.6.Drum brakes consist of some parts , such as a backing plate,
30、 brake shoes , brake dm. .1, wheel cylnder, return springs and an automatic or self-adjusting system brake shoes a brake 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. FE21. brake system 制动系统2. the parking brake 驻车制动器3. the service brake system 行车制动系统4. the disk brake 盘式制动器5. the hand brake 手制动6.the brake shoe 制动蹄片7.
31、drum brake 鼓式制动器8. brake pads 制动块9 brake performance 制动性能 10. brake fluid 制动液 E31. The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is the breaking system.2. Brake fluid is a special liquid for use in a hydraulic brake system.3. The small forces applied to the brake pedal usual
32、ly produce relatively large forces.4. The rate of slowing down or retardation is governed by the speed of conversion of energy. 5. Brake is a friction device for converting the power into heat by means of friction 6. To decelerate and stop the moving automobile, the service brake are usually used.7.
33、 The brake lining of a friction maternal are secured to the shoes by brass 8. The brake drum is mounted on the wheel hub. E41 brake : the means of bringing to rest a moving vehicle in a shortest possible distance. 2 service brake : stop or slow a car by depressing and releasing the brake pedal. 3 ha
34、nd brake : keep the car from rolling on unleveled ground. 4 drum brake : a backing plate , brake shoes , wheel cylinder , return springs etc. 5 parking brake : hold the automobile at rest. E51. An automobile brake system is actually a friction device to change power into heat（实际上就是一种把动力转变成热量的摩擦装置).
35、2. Basically , automobile brakes are of two types: the mechanical brakes and the hydraulic brakes (机械制动器和液压制动 ) 3. The most vital factor in the running and control of the modem vehicles is the automobile brake system (汽车制动系统).4. There are two brake shoes at each wheel. The bottoms of the shoes are h
36、eld apart by an adjuster. The tops of shoes are held apart by a wheel cylinder（蹄片顶部由轮缸分别固定）5. Brake lines are steel tubing with copper and lead coating to prevent rust and corrosion ( 以防锈蚀)U7EXERCISE 1 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 1 . The most important function of the suspension system ls to suppl
37、y comfortable , safe nde cot- trol2. According to the article , we know that there are five basic types of spnngs used ln sus,eT“- sions ： coil spring , leaf spring , torsion bar spring , traction,barand air spnngn3. The disadvantage of a coil spring ls its compactness , lack of moving parts , and e
38、xcellentweight supporting characteristics. 4. According to e passage , leaf springs are often used on the front suspension of front drive vehtcles5. When the coil springs , leaf springs , torsion bar spring ,L air springs ls defected , thls couldd cause the car to bounce up and down without any cont
39、rol 6. Shock absorber movement ls limited by forcing fluid , d which causes the shock absorber to causes the shock absorbercompress or extend at a slow rate.EXERCISE 2 1. suspension system 悬架系统 2. front suspension system 前悬架系 3. air compressor 空气压缩机 4. torque tube 传递转矩管 5. axle housing alignment 桥壳定
40、位 6. coil spring 螺旋弹簧 7. lower control arm 下控制臂 8. rebound clip 缓冲夹 9. traction bar 牵引杆10. control arm 控制臂 EXERCISE 3 1. The leaf springs or leaves. most commonly used tn automobiles is made up of several long plates , 2. Suspension refers to the use of the front and rear springs to suspend a vehicl
41、e s rear springs to suspend a vehicle sprung weight 3. Shock absorber are hydraulic restricting devices used to hmt the speed of spring action.4. The car frame is connected to the axles by springs which absorb road shock5. The coil springs is made from a length of steel rod wound Into a coil. 6. The
42、 front-suspension system must allow the wheels to move up and down.7. In operations, the lower control arms pivot up and down , twisting the torsion bars spring. 8. Rebound clips are place along the spnng to prevent separahon of the leaves when the spring rebounds.EXERCISE 4 1.coil spring : a round
43、bar of spring steel wound into the shape of a coil 2.leaf spring : several layers of spring steel stacked one upon the other 3.torsion bar : spring a long solid steel shaft held at one end to the suspension s control arm 4.air spring : a rubber bag or bladder full of air 5.shock absorber : a hydraul
44、ic device by forcing fluid through passages or orifices 6 suspension : use of the front and rear spring to suspend a vehicle EXERCISE 5 1. We all Know that springs are the major component（弹簧是主要部件) .n automobile suspension.2. The automobile suspension is one of the major automobile system (汽车的主要系统之一。
45、) . Could you please tell me something？ . 3. One of the advantages is that the use of suspension system has increased strength and durability of components (悬架的运用提高了零部件的强度和寿命). 4. To the lower body plate , suspension system is attached which transmits the weight of the body and other components to t
46、he axles and wheels（从而将车身和其他部件的重量传递到车桥和车轮上) j5. Shock absorbers operate by having a piston force fluid through a small opening ( 活塞使液体强制通过一个小限制孔)U8EXERCISE 1 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. F 1. The steering system is usually used to control the direction of a vehicles mouon.2. When the driver turns the
47、 steering wheel , the pinion gear turns , causing the linkage to mo、rs.3. We are completely sure that it takes three complete revolutions of the steering wheel lo make the wheels turn from far left to far right on most cars.4. Recirculating-ball steering is widely used on many trucks and SUVS , whic
48、h provides a good mechanical advantage for a heavy vehicle. 5. The purpose of seals ls to prevent the entry of dirt or the loss of lubncant 6. When the steering wheel is turned to the left , the ball bearings circulate i the opposs eltry of dirt or the loss of lubncant. the opposite dtrection .EXERCISE 2 1. rack-and-pinion steering 齿轮齿条转向 2. steering shaft 转向轴 3. recirculating-ball steering 循环球转向 4. steering wheel 转向盘 5. inner tie rod end 横拉杆内接头6. steering
