1、化学专业英语试卷学号： 姓名： 成绩:一：把下列单词或词组译成英文（本题共 30 分，每小题 1 分） 1. Ni(ClO4)2 nickel perchlorate3. FeCl2 iron(2)chloride5. Al(NO3)3 aluminum nitrate7. MnO2 manganese dioxide9. N2O3 dinatrogen trioxide11. NaClO sodium hypochloride13. P2O5 diphosphorous pentaoxide15. KMnO4 patassium permangate17. 盐酸 hydrochloric a
2、cid19. KCN patassium cyanide21. 5-甲基-4-丙基壬烷 5-methyl-4-propylnonaane23. 四氯化碳 carbon tetrachloride25. 中和 neutralize27. 比热容 specific heat capacity29. 酸酐 anhytride2. CuSO4 copper sulfate4. CoCO3 cobalt carbate6. Ca(C2H3O2)2 calcium acetate8. H2SO410. 六氰合铁（）酸钾12. Ag2SO3 sliver sulfite14. 草酸铅 lead cyanat
3、e16. Zn(OH)2 zinc hydroxide18. 磷酸根 phosphate20. 2,3-二甲基戊烷 2,3-dimethylpentane22. 2,3,7-三甲基-5-乙基辛烷2,3,7-trimethyl-5-ethyloctane24. 石蕊试纸 litmus paper26. 滴定 titration28. 非电解质 electrolyte30. 配位化合物 complex compound三. 把下列短文译成汉语（本题共 40 分，每小题 10 分） 1. Without chemistry our lives would be unrecognisable, for
4、 chemistry is at work all around us. Think what life would be like without chemistry - there would be no plastics, no electricity and no protective paints for our homes. There would be no synthetic fibres to clothe us and no fertilisers to help us produce enough food. We wouldnt be able to travel be
5、cause there would be no metal, rubber or fuel for cars, ships and aeroplane. Our lives would be changed considerably without telephones, radio, television or computers, all of which depend on chemistry for the manufacture of their parts. Life expectancy would be much lower, too, as there would be no
6、 drugs to fight disease.没有化学反应我们的生活将会大变样,化学就在我们周围。没有化学生活会是什么样子 没有塑料,家里没有电,也没有防护漆。不会给我们合成纤维, 没有化肥帮助我们生产足够的食物。我们不能旅行, 因为不会有金属、橡胶或燃料汽车、船只和飞机。我们的生活将会大大改变了没有电话、收音机、电视或电脑,所有这些依赖化学生产的部分。没有药物来抵抗疾病，预期寿命将低得多。2 The first and second laws of thermodynamics and the meaning of entropy will be discussed. and expand
7、ed upon in this lesson. It will be shown that energy transformations on a macroscopic scale that is, between large aggregates of atoms and/or molecules can be understood in terms of a set of logical principles. Thus thermodynamics provides a model of the behavior of matter in bulk. The power of such
8、 a model is that it does not depend on atomic or molecular structure. Furthermore, conclusions about a given process .based on this model, do not require details of how the process is carried out. 探讨热力学第一和第二定律和熵的意义.和扩展在这个知识。也就是说它将表明能源在宏观上的转换,根据一组逻辑原则可以理解能量在大量的原子或分子内的转换。因此热力学定理提供了一个物质体积变化的模型。这样一个模型的能
9、力在于它不依赖于原子或分子结构。此外,给定进程的结论依托于这种模式，不需要的详细说明过程是如何进行的3Preparation of Cu(en)2(cda)H2O: H2cda （4-羟基-2,6 吡啶二酸）(0.020 g, 0.1 mmol) was dissolved in water (10 mL) and the pH value of the solution was adjusted to 78 with aqueous NaOH solution (0.1 molL-1), then adding it dropwise to a methanol solution (10mL
10、) of Cu(ClO4)26H2O (0.037g, 0.1mmol) and ethylenediamine (0.2 mmol) under stirring at room temperature. After the resulting small quantity of precipitates was filtered off, dark blue crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of the filtrate at room temperature.
11、 制备CU(en)2(cda)H2O:使 0.020 克,0.1mmol 的 4 -羟基 2、6 吡啶二酸溶解在 10ml 水中加入 0.1M 氢氧化钠水溶液调整到 pH 值 7 8,然后将它一滴一滴地添加到 Cu(ClO4)26H2O(0.037g,0.037mmol)的乙醇溶液和乙二胺(0.2mmol)，在室温下搅拌。在室温下，缓慢蒸发滤液，得到深蓝色晶体，用 x 射线分析它的结构4. Measure 50 ml of vinegar with a pipette and pour into a 250-ml beaker. Add 2 drops of phenolphthalein i
12、ndicator. Fill a burette with a 1 N solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and draw out the excess as described above. From the burette add NaOH to the beaker of vinegar until 1 drop of NaOH produces a pale pink color in the solution. Maintain constant stirring. The appearance of pink tells you that th
13、e acid has been neutralized by the base and there is now 1 drop of excess base which has turned the indicator. Read the burette and record this reading as the volume of base used to neutralize the acid. One molecule of NaOH neutralizes one molecule of acetic acid, or one gram-molecular weight of NaO
14、H neutralizes one gram-molecular weight of acetic acid. Calculate the amount of acetic acid present in the vinegar. Report this amount as the percentage of acetic acid.用移液管吸取 50ml 醋加入到 250 毫升烧杯,加 2 滴酚酞指示剂。在滴定管中加入 1M 的氢氧化钠溶液，去除刻度线以上的溶液，将氢氧化钠溶液加入到醋中，并不断震荡，至到加入一滴氢氧化钠溶液变成粉红色。出现粉红色的颜色,表示酸中和了碱，而且多余的一滴碱使指示剂变色。阅读并纪律中和酸消耗碱的体积。一个分子的氢氧化钠中和一个分子的醋酸,或一个分子重量的氢氧化钠中和一个分子重量的醋酸反应。计算醋酸在醋的量。报告醋酸的百分比。
