1、1厦门外国语学校2018届高三下学期开学考试 英语试卷 第I卷 第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 1. At What time must the man check in for his flight? A. 2:50. B. 3:15. C. 3:50. 2. What does the woman want to do now? A. Listen to some music. B. Play a piece of music. C. Have something to drink. 3. Where does the conversa
2、tion probably take place? A. In the mans house. B. In a drugstore. C. In a doctors office. 4. How did the man go to the airport? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By taxi. 5. Why does Mary call Peter? A. To borrow his notes. B. To explain her absence. C. To discuss the presentation. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分
3、） 听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。 6. What is the man going to do this summer? A. Teach a course. B. Repair his house. C. Work at a hotel. 7. How will the man use the money? A. To hire a gardener. B. To buy books. C. To pay for a boat trip. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Course design.
4、 B. Course registration. C. Course 2 evaluation. 9. What course did the woman choose? A. International Trade. B. Modern History. C. Chemistry. 10. What will Jack do to take mathematics? A. Wait for an opening. B. Apply to the department. C. Speak to Professor Anderson. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Why does
5、 the woman make the call? A. To book a hotel. B. To enquire about the room service. C. To make changes to a reservation. 12. When will the woman arrive at the hotel? A. On September 15. B. On September 16. C. On September 23. 13. How much will the woman pay for her room per night? A. $199. B. $179.
6、C. $219. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. Who might the woman be? A. A porter. B. A Customs officer. C. A post office worker. 15. When does the man need the package to arrive in Canada? A. At the weekend. B. Five days later. C. The next night. 16. How does the man decide to send his package? A. By First Class
7、mail. B. By regular mail. C. By express mail. 听第10 段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. Who is Wang Ming? A. A student. B. An employer. C. An engineer. 18. What does the speaker say about the college job market this year? A. Its unpredictable. B. Its not optimistic. C. Its quite stable.3 19. What percentage of studen
8、t job seekers have found a job by now? A. 20%. B. 22%. C. 50%. 20. Why are engineering graduates more likely to accept a job? A. They need work experience. B. The salary is usually good. C. Their choice is limited. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该
9、 项涂黑。 A Some photographers have the good fortune to find a mentor in their young years who both inspires and encourages them. Jessica Backhaus found one in Gisele Freund, the great French photographer remembered for her portraits（肖像）of artists, especially writers. Gisele was a wonderful, sensitive p
10、ortraitist whose pictures of Virginia Woolf, Andre Gide, James Joyce, George Bernard Shaw, Jean Cocteau, and a long list of well-known artists are unforgettable. Jessica, a young photographer from Germany, was studying photography in Paris when she met the famous Gisele Freund, on November 5, 1992.
11、Slowly a friendship developed, lasting until Giseles death, in 2000; and in a way it still continues today. Gisele was generous in her concern for a new generation of photographers, and Jessica took to heart her advice to forget about technique and to take pictures with her eyes and heart. To thank
12、her, Jessica decided to take the series of pictures published in the book One Day in November. One day, before Jessica moved to New York, Gisele suggested that she write about their friendship. The book One Day in November begins with Jessicas essay on their shared memories and conversations, follow
13、ed by her photographs. She calls it a visual poem, pointing out that she expresses herself best in pictures rather than words. The excellent photographs from her book can be seen in a splendid exhibition at Laurence Miller Gallery, along with a series of pictures from three of her other books: Jesus
14、 and the Cherries, portraits taken in a Polish village where time stood still; 4 What Still Remains, pictures of objects left behind; and a new book of light reflections on water, I Wanted to See the World. All are guided by Giseles advice and all are quite wonderful. 21. The underlined word “one” i
15、n Paragraph 1 refers to _. A. a responsible friend B. a well-known artist C. an inspiring instructor D. an experienced photographer 22. What can we learn about the book One Day in November from the passage？ A. It begins with photographs and ends with an essay. B. It talks about the friendship betwee
16、n Jessica and Gisele. C. It collects poems that provide readers with a visual feast. D. It contains portraits taken in a village where time stood still. 23. What is the passage mainly about? A. Jessicas memories of Gisele. B. Giseles influence on Jessica. C. The photographs taken by Gisele. D. The a
17、chievements made by Jessica. B The British summer is extremely beautiful. Trees, flowers, birds and butterflies make the whole country look like a big garden. However, many British people have noticed that butterflies have been gradually disappearing from this picturesque scenery during the past sev
18、eral years. What has happened to them? Butterfly Conservation, a charity in the UK, is running a survey to help answer this question. The result is more serious than people expected. According to the survey, among 59 butterfly species found in the British Isles, more than three- quarters of them are
19、 suffering a declining population, including the most popular Meadow Brown. Moreover, half of all butterfly species are dying out. Some common species such as the small Tortoiseshell butterfly and the Wall butterfly are dropping sharply. The latter cannot even be seen in many parts of central and so
20、uthern England. And the Blue butterfly, which was commonly seen in the south, has started settling in Edinburgh in the past few years. The numbers of butterflies have dropped to a record low in the past three years largely because the summer in the UK is getting cooler and their living conditions ar
21、e 5 also degrading. Fortunately Britain is experiencing a long hot summer this year compared to the last few summers. Conservationists believe the warm weather will bring some benefit to the butterflies. Sir David Attenborough, president of Butterfly Conservation, said, “Butterflies in abundance tel
22、l us that all is well with nature. When they decline its a warning that other wildlife will be soon heading the same way.” The survey is still going on. The public is also encouraged to keep track of the UKs butterfly population. The organizers hope the survey will help raise public awareness of the
23、 value of butterflies in the UK. Butterflies give an indication of the well-being of nature and the environment. 24. The survey conducted by Butterfly Conservation has found that _. A. the UK butterflies enjoy a cool climate B. the UK butterflies prefer settling in the north C. the number of the UK
24、butterflies is decreasing D. butterflies make the British summer more attractive 25. How does the writer support the findings of the survey in Paragraph 3? A. By listing examples. B. By providing data. C. By giving explanations. D. By making comments. 26. What does the underlined word “degrading” in
25、 Paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Turning better. B. Getting worse. C. Keeping stable. D. Becoming different. 27. Butterfly Conservation expects their survey to _. A. warn people to care more about the change of weather B. keep the charity running more smoothly than ever before C. help the British gove
26、rnment protect nature and the environment D. strengthen peoples understanding of the importance of butterflies C In some islands north of Scotland, head lice, which live on the hair or skin of 6 people or animals, were a part of life. If the lice left their host, he became sick and feverish. Therefo
27、re, sick people had lice put in their hair intentionally. There was a method to their madness: As soon as the lice had settled in again, the patient improved. The story explains the confusion of cause and effect. If the lice leave the sick, it is because he has a fever and they simply get hot feet.
28、When the fever breaks, they return. We may laugh at this story, but false causality misleads us practically every day. Consider the headline: “Fact: Women Who Use Shampoo XYZ Every Day Have Stronger Hair.” This statement says very littleleast of all, that the shampoo makes your hair stronger. It mig
29、ht simply be the other way round: Women with strong hair tend to use Shampoo XYZand perhaps thats because it says “especially for thick hair” on the bottle. A further example: Scientists found that long periods in the hospital did harm to patients. This was music to health insurers ears, who, of cou
30、rse, are keen to make stays as brief as possible. But, clearly, patients who are dismissed immediately are healthier than those who must stay on for treatment. Recently I read that students get better grades at school if their homes contain a lot of books. This study was surely a shot in the arm for
31、 booksellers, but it is also an example of false causality. This simple truth is that educated parents tend to value their childrens education more than uneducated ones do. Plus, educated parents often have more books at home. In short, a dust-covered copy of War and Peace alone isnt going to influe
32、nce anyones grades; what counts is parents education levels, as well as their genes. Another example of false causality was the supposed relationship between the birth rate and the numbers of stork (鹳) pairs in Germany. Both were in decline, and if you plot them on a graph, the two lines of developm
33、ent from 1965 to 1987 appeared almost the same. Does this mean the stork actually does bring babies? Obviously not, since this was a purely accidental connection. In conclusion: Connection is not causality. Take a closer look at linked events: Sometimes what is presented as the cause turns out to be
34、 the effect, or just the other 7 way around. And sometimes there is no link at alljust like with the storks and babies. 28. Which is an example of false causality? A. Women with strong hair tend to use a certain shampoo. B. Birth rate and the stork population are connected. C. Longer periods in the
35、hospital benefit patients. D. Lice can make a person sick and feverish. 29. The underlined phrase “a shot in the arm” in Paragraph 4 means _. A. pain B. defeat C. guidance D. encouragement 30. According to the author, students get better grades probably because _. A. their homes are full of books B.
36、 they have read War and Peace C. their educated parents value education D. their parents are successful booksellers 31. It can be concluded from the passage that _. A. connections are pure accidents B. cause and effect are interdependent C. connections are mostly cause and effect D. linked events ma
37、y turn out to be unrelated DWould you rather be an impressive employee in an ordinary firm, or land a role at the most well-known company in your industry?The answer to that question might seem highly personal, based on factors like whether or not you are a competitive person and how much you enjoy
38、a challenge. In fact, theres another strong factor at play: People from different cultures react very differently to that question. The psychologists from the University of Michigan asked people theoretical questions about the decisions they take. Specifically, the researchers compared people with E
39、ast Asian backgrounds and European American backgrounds. They found that Americans are much more likely to favor being a big fish in a small pond. East Asians, and specifically Chinese people, are much more likely than Americans to lean towards being a smaller fish in a bigger pond.8Researchers firs
40、t asked 270 students at a large American university whether they would rather be a “big fish in a small pond” or the opposite. Of the students with East Asian American backgrounds, three quarters said theyd rather be a small fish, compared with just under 60% of students with European American backg
41、rounds who said the same.The researchers then compared American and Chinese adults. They asked the participants whether they would rather attend a top university but perform below average, and whether they would rather work for a top global company but do less well in comparison to their peers. Over
42、 half the Chinese adults chose the famous university, compared with just a third of Americans. In the case of the firms, well over half of people from both groups chose to do better at a less well-known firm, but Chinese people were still more likely to choose being a “small fish” than were American
43、s. The final experiment sought to discover how American and Chinese people made judgments about whether they were succeeding. They found that Chinese people were more likely to compare their performance to the performance of people in other groups. Americans, meanwhile, were more likely to compare t
44、hemselves to people within the same group, to judge whether or not they were doing well. In East Asian cultures, its “not enough that you know youre doing well in your school,” said Kaidi Wu, a PhD student in psychology who led the research. “It is much more important that other peoplean outsider, a
45、 family relative, a future employer who has five seconds to glance through your resumealso recognize your academic excellence.” America is the opposite: “Think about how many times themes like You are your own person or Stop worrying about what other people think course through song lyrics and self-
46、help books,” Wu said, concluding: “The choices we make are the products of our culture.” 32. The psychologists from the University of Michigan find that _. A. Americans tend to achieve success in a big company B. Chinese are likely to perform better in a big company C. Americans prefer to shine in a
47、 relatively small company9 D. Chinese are comfortable with working in a small company 33. The final experiment aims to _. A. find different views about personal success B. compare different attitudes towards competition C. judge performances of different groups D. confirm which culture is better 34.
48、 A Chinese student will be more satisfied if he gains recognition from _. A. his neighbors B. his classmates C. his teachers D. his parents 35. According to Kaidi Wu, culture _. A. plays a key role in peoples choice making B. shows who we grow up to be in the future C. is the most important factor b
49、ehind success D. determines students academic performance 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 选项中有两项为多余选项。 Why we still need to read Dickens Walk into any bookstore, and you can hardly avoid “bumping into” Charles Dickens. Many of Dickens works still sell well today. 36 As someone who teaches Dickens, the question
