1、English Poetry,Shakespeares Sonnets Romantic poetryWilliam WordsworthPercy Bysshe ShelleyJohn Keats,Sonnet is a very important form of English metrical poetry. It has 14 lines written to a regular rhyme scheme. Sonnet was invented by the Italian poet, Francesco Petrarch in the early 14th century. So
2、nnet makes it easier to express deep thought and emotion. In English poetry, there are three types of sonnet: the Italian, the Shakespearean and the Spenserian. These three types of sonnet all consist of 14 lines, but the rhyme schemes are different.,The Shakespearean sonnet is made up of 3 quatrain
3、s四行诗节 followed by a couplet. The form is often named after Shakespeare, not because he was the first to write in this form but because he became its most famous practitioner. The concluding couplet often comes to be an effective epigram（隽语） and also makes the theme of the poem clearer. Its rhyme sch
4、eme is abab, cdcd, efef, gg.,evenly-tempered; not overcome by passion.,the natural changes age brings.,that beauty you possess.,the beauty of everything beautiful will fade,the sun,a,b,a,c,d,d,f,e,e,f,g,g,b,c,f,Shall I compare you to a summers day? You are more lovely and more constant: Rough winds
5、shake the beloved buds of May And summer is far too short: At times the sun is too hot, Or often goes behind the clouds; And everything beautiful sometime will lose its beauty, By misfortune or by natures planned out course. But your youth shall not fade, Nor will you lose the beauty that you posses
6、s; Nor will death claim you for his own, Because in my eternal verse you will live forever. So long as there are people on this earth, So long will this poem live on, making you immortal.,PARAPHRASE,白话译本：我能否将你比作夏天？ 你比夏天更美丽温婉。 狂风将五月的蓓蕾凋残， 夏日的勾留何其短暂。 休恋那丽日当空， 转眼会云雾迷蒙。 休叹那百花飘零， 催折于无常的天命。 唯有你永恒的夏日常新， 你的
7、美貌亦毫发无损。 死神也无缘将你幽禁， 你在我永恒的诗中长存。 只要世间尚有人吟诵我的诗篇， 这诗就将不朽，永葆你的芳颜。,Sonnet 18 is the best known and most well-loved of all 154 sonnets. It is also one of the most straightforward in language and intent. In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is bette
8、r. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem.,Romanticism,Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength in reaction to the Industrial
9、Revolution. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature, but can be detected even in changed attitudes towards chi
10、ldren and education.,Major romantic poets,William Blake 1757-1827Songs of InnocenceWilliam Wordsworth 1770-1850Lyrical Ballads, The Prelude, I wander Lonely as a CloudS.T. Coleridge 1772-1834 Lyrical Ballads, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron 1788-1824Don Juan, Childe Harolds Pilgrimage Percy Bysshe Sh
11、elly 1792-1822 Queen Mab, Prometheus Unbound, Ode to the West WindJohn Keats 1795 1821 Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Autumn,1798年华兹华斯与柯尔律治共同发表的抒情歌谣集宣告了浪漫主义新诗的诞生。华兹华斯在1800年抒情歌谣集第二版的序言中详细阐述了浪漫主义新诗的理论，主张以平民的语言抒写平民的事物、思想与感情，被誉为浪漫主义诗歌的宣言(manifesto)。,Lyrical Ballads, with a Few Other
12、Poems is a collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, first published in 1798 and generally considered to have marked the beginning of the English Romantic movement in literature. It became and remains a landmark, changing the course of English literature and poetry.,Roma
13、nticism is characterized by the 5 “I”s:,Imagination Intuition Idealism the concept that we can make the world a better place. Inspiration The Romantic artist, musician, or writer, is an “inspired creator” rather than a “technical master.” Individuality,Romantics celebrated the individual.,emphasized
14、 over “reason”,William Wordsworth,Occupation poet,Literary movement,romanticism,Notableworks,Lyrical Ballads, Poems in Two Volumes The Prelude,华兹华斯生于律师之家，就学于剑桥大学，1790年和1791年两次赴法。当时正是法国大革命的年代，年轻的华兹华斯对革命深表同情与向往。回国后不久，局势剧变，华兹华斯对法国大革命的态度渐趋保守，最后，终于成为安享“桂冠诗人”称号的保守派。,华兹华斯（17701850）英国诗人，与柯尔律治、骚塞同被称为“湖畔派”诗人。
15、,华兹华斯的诗以描写自然风光、田园景色、乡民村姑、少男少女闻名于世。文笔朴素清新，自然流畅，一反新古典主义平板、典雅的风格，开创了新鲜活泼的浪漫主义诗风。,William Wordsworth,The beautiful landscape of the Lake District inspired the young Wordsworth,nature is a common theme of his poems.,“Resolution and Independence“ “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud“ Also known as “Daffodils“ “M
16、y Heart Leaps Up“ “Ode: Intimations of Immortality“ “Ode to Duty“ “The Solitary Reaper“ “Elegiac Stanzas“ “Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802“ “London, 1802“ “The world is too much with us“,William Wordsworth works,我好似一朵孤独的流云 华兹华斯 顾子欣译,我好似一朵孤独的流云， 高高地飘游在山谷之上， 突然我看到一大片鲜花， 是金色的水仙遍地开放。
17、 它们开在湖畔，开在树下 它们随风嬉舞，随风飘荡。它们密集如银河的星星， 像群星在闪烁一片晶莹； 它们沿着海湾向前伸展， 通往远方仿佛无穷无尽； 一眼看去就有千朵万朵， 万花摇首舞得多么高兴。,粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳， 却不如这水仙舞得轻俏； 诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴， 又怎能不感到欢欣雀跃； 我久久凝视-却未领悟 这景象所给的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧， 感到百无聊赖心灵空漠； 这景象便在脑海中闪现， 多少次安慰过我的寂寞； 我的心又随水仙跳起舞来， 我的心又重新充满了欢乐。,这首诗是华兹华斯抒情诗的代表作之一。它创作于1804年，发表于1807年。诗中所描写的是华兹华斯在1802年所见到的一
18、片水仙花的景象。据诗人的妹妹多萝西回忆，华兹华斯在一次拜访友人归来之时, 来到考罗巴公园那边的树林里，看见水边长有几棵水仙。“我们想这一定是湖水把种子漂到岸上，这小小的群体就此繁殖起来了。可是再往前走却越来越多。最后，在那树荫下面，我们看见，沿着湖岸约有乡间公路宽的一长条地方长着我从未见过的那么美丽的水仙。它们和长满青苔的岩石点缀在一起，有的把花序倚靠在岩石上，仿佛枕着枕头在休息。”,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,I wandered lonely as a cloud That floats on high oer vales(山谷) and hills, Whe
19、n all at once I saw a crowd, A host, of golden daffodils(黄水仙); Beside the lake, beneath the trees, Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.,a,c,b,a,b,c,Continuous as the stars that shine And twinkle on the milky way, They stretched in never-ending line Along the margin of a bay: Ten thousand saw I at a
20、 glance, Tossing their heads in sprightly (充满活力的)dance.,Wordsworth is regarded as a “worshipper of nature.“,The waves beside them danced; but they Out-did the sparkling waves in glee(欢喜): A poet could not but be gay, In such a jocund欢乐的 company: I gazed-and gazed-but little thought What wealth the s
21、how to me had brought:,I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud,In the last line of the stanza, Wordsworth uses anastrophe, writing the show to me had brought instead of the show brought to me. Anastrophe is an inversion of the normal word order.,For oft, when on my couch I lie In vacant or in pensive(沉思的)mood,
22、 They flash upon that inward eye Which is the bliss of solitude; And then my heart with pleasure fills, And dances with the daffodils.,The author puts himself in the position of a single cloud, drifting over the never ending hills of rolling daffodils. He also puts himself in position of solitude.,T
23、he choice of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisurely or jolly conveys to us the poets depression and disconsolateness at the very beginning.But as he catches sight of daffodils stretching as far as the eyes can see and finds himself in the
24、midst of nature, his loneliness turns into relaxation and joy. Thus the shift of the poets mood from sadness to happiness manifests the theme - the great influence of nature upon human being.,Percy Bysshe Shelley,珀西比希雪莱（Percy Bysshe Shelley，1792年8月4日1822年7月8日），一般译作雪莱，是英国文学史上最有才华的抒情诗人之一，更被誉为诗人中的诗人。其一
25、生见识广泛，不仅是柏拉图主义者，更是个伟大的理想主义者。 创作的诗歌节奏明快，积极向上。,One of the major English Romantic poets,Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792 - 1822),most famous for poems such as“Ode to the West Wind”, 西风颂“To a Skylark”, 致云雀 for his association with John Keats and Lord Byron; for his untimely death at a young age, like them,One
26、 of the major English Romantic poets,Lines from “The Masque of Anarchy” 专制魔王的化装游行,起来，像睡醒的雄狮 你们人数众多，不可征服 赶紧挣脱掉身上的锁链 像抖掉沉睡中落在身上的寒露 你们人多，他们只是少数。,Rise like Lions after slumber In unvanquishable number, Shake your chains to earth like dew Which in sleep had fallen on you- Ye are many they are few.,一个秋日的午
27、后，诗人雪莱在意大利佛罗伦萨近郊的树林里漫步。突然狂风大作，乌云翻滚。到了傍晚，暴风雨夹带着冰雹雷电倾盆而下，荡涤着大地，震撼着人间。大自然威武雄壮的交响乐，触发了诗人的灵感，他奋笔疾书，谱写了不朽的抒情短诗西风颂。,“Ode To The West Wind” (1820) is another of Shelleys calls for revolution and change.,西风颂是欧洲诗歌史上的艺术珍品。全诗共五节，由五首十四行诗组成。从形式上看，五个小节格律完整，可以独立成篇。从内容来看，它们又熔为一体，贯穿着一个中心思想。,第一节中，西风在陆地上以摧枯拉朽之势横扫落叶，同时又
28、把种子吹入泥土，点出了西风既是毁灭者又是保护者的主题。 第二节描写西风在空中扫荡残云，带出了暴雨雷霆。 第三节中，西风在海上劈波斩浪，大显神威，搅醒了沉睡的海洋。以上三节咏风，把西风在陆、空、海上的凛凛威风写得酣畅淋漓。,接着诗人笔锋一转，由咏物而抒怀，在第四节中表达了自己愿随西风而舞的心愿，进而在第五节中发出了愿与西风合而为一的澎湃激情。,Ode to the west wind Shelley,Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is: What if my leaves are falling like its own! The tumult of
29、thy mighty harmonies像你以森林演奏，请也以我为琴， 哪怕我的叶片也像森林的一样凋谢! 你那非凡和谐的慷慨激越之情，,最后一节,Will take from both a deep, autumnal tone, Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, spirit fierce, My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one! 定能从森林和我同奏出深沉的秋乐， 悲怆却又甘洌。但愿你勇猛的精灵 竟是我的魂魄，我能成为剽悍的你!,Drive my dead thoughts over the universe Like w
30、ithered leaves to quicken a new birth! And by the incantation of this verse.请把我枯萎的思绪向全宇宙播送， 就像你驱遣落叶催促新的生命， 请凭借我这单调有如符咒的韵文，,Scatter, as from an unextinguished hearth Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind! Be through my lips to unawakened earth. 就像从未灭的余烬飏出炉灰和火星， 把我的话语传遍天地间万户千家， 通过我的嘴唇，向沉睡未醒的人境，,The
31、 trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 让预言的号角奏鸣!哦，风啊， 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗?,Ode to the West Wind,In this poem, the poet praises the west wind as a powerful phenomenon of nature that is both destroyer and preserver, that enjoys boundless freedom and that has the power to
32、spread messages far and wide. It is a great lyric on nature, but it has underlying significance: the old world must go, and a new world must come with the spring, laden with fresh sweet promises for suffering humanity. It is a mixture of death and rebirth.,A poet is a sage; A humanist, physician to
33、all men. - John Keats,约翰济慈(John Keats, 1795-1821)生于伦敦，出身寒微，9 岁丧父 。1817年，济慈出版了自己的第一本诗集。1818年，济慈的长诗恩底弥翁(Endymion)问世，遭到当时批评家的非难。这是济慈生活最为困难的时期，经济拮据，身体状况每况愈下，染上了肺结核，但他并不气馁，继续以旺盛的精力投入创作。从1820年2 月起济慈病情加重，遵医嘱到意大利养病 ，1821年客死罗马，年仅25岁。济慈以其短暂的一生写下了很多名篇佳作，其主要作品有长诗恩底弥翁、伊莎贝拉(Isabella，1820)、圣阿格尼斯之夜(The Eve of Saint
34、 Agnes，1820)、赫披里昂(Hyperion)等。此外，他写有著名的希腊古瓮颂(“Ode on a Grecian Urn”, 1819)、夜莺颂(“Ode to a Nightingale”, 1819)等颂歌及许多优美的十四行诗。,John Keats (31 October 1795 23 February 1821),the latest born of the great Romantic poets During his short life, his work was not well received by critics, but his posthumous inf
35、luence on poets such as Alfred Tennyson was significant.,John Keatss literary career amounted to just three and a half years. It began in July 1816 and lasted until late 1819. Keats wrote 150 poems, but those upon which his reputation rests were written in the span of nine months, from January to Se
36、ptember 1819. This intense flowering of talent remains unparalleled in literary history.,English Ode,An ode is typically a lyrical verse written in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poets interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode. perhaps the greatest odes of
37、the 19th century were Keatss Five Great Odes of 1819 which included Ode to a Nightingale, Ode on Melancholy, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to Psyche, and Ode to Autumn.,Ode to a Nightingale,In the Ode to a Nightingale ,the song of the nightingale is seen as a symbol of art that outlasts the individuals
38、mortal life. a visionary happiness is communing with the nightingale and its song is contrasted with the dead weight of human grief and sickness, and the transience of youth and beauty.,Major themes,the beauty of nature the relation between imagination and creativity the response of the passions to
39、beauty and suffering the transience of human life in time,倾听这黑夜，有多少次 我几乎已爱上了安静的死神 沉思的诗行里轻呼他的名字 祈求我平静的呼吸在空气中消散 此刻，死神似乎已无比亲密 就让生命在午夜安息 没有痛苦 当你倾泻灵魂的歌唱 挟带了怎样的狂喜！ 不停地你将歌唱，而我的双耳已盲 仅一抔泥土听你庄严的挽歌,Darkling I listen; and, for many a time I have been half in love with easeful Death, Calld him soft names in many a mused rhyme, To take into the air my quiet breath; Now more than ever seems it rich to die, To cease upon the midnight with no pain, While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroad In such an ecstasy! Still wouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain - To thy high requiem become a sod.,第六节,
