1、句子（陈述句，疑问句，感叹句，祈使句）一、陈述句：是用来陈述一件事情或表示一种看法，可分为肯定句和否定句两种形式。1、谓语动词是 be 动词,助动词 have, has, will,情态动词 can 等时，只要直接在这些词后面加 not 就构成否定形式。 eg. Lily has already read this new book. (改为否定句) Lily _ _ this new book _. 2、谓语动词是行为动词而又没有助动词或情态动词时，必须在谓语动词前加助动词，一般现在时加助动词 do ，第三人称单数加 does，一般过去时加 did，再和 not 构成否定结构。必须指出的是：
2、dont, doesnt, didnt 后都用动词原形。 eg.1)Jill has lunch at school every day. (改为否定句) Jill _ _ lunch at school every day. 2)The children had a good time at the party. (改为否定句 ) The children _ _ a good time at the party. 3)Rose didnt drink any milk this morning.（改为肯定句) Rose _ _ milk this morning. 二、疑问句：是用来提出问
3、题的句子。A.一般疑问句：以 be 动词, have /has/do 等助动词、can/may 等情态动词开头，以 yes 或 no 来回答的问句。 它的基本结构是：Be/Have /Has/Did 等助动词（包括情态动词）主语谓语（包括表语）？回答常用简略回答。 1、谓语动词是 be 动词、助动词、情态动词时，只要直接把这些词置于句首，句末改成问号。 eg. Theres something wrong with his bike.（改成疑问句） _ _ _ wrong with his bike? 2、谓语动词是行为动词时，必须在句首加上助动词 Do、Does （三单）、Did（过去式）加
4、上这些助动词后，句子中谓语动词必须用原形。 eg. 1)Edison built a science lab himself when he was ten. （改成疑问句） _ Edison _ a science lab himself when he was ten？ 2)Those Japanese like Chinese food.（改成疑问句） _ those Japanese _ Chinese food? 注意：在把肯定句改成否定句或一般疑问句的时候,要注意句中是否有 already、some、something、somebody 等词，如果有也必须进行改变， already
5、 要改成 yet，some、something、somebody 等分别改成 any、anything、anybody 等。另外，在改成否定句的时候注意把 too 改成 either,both 改成 neither,all 改成 none 等.在改成一般疑问句的时候，常常把第一人称 I、we 改成第二人称 you。 B.特殊疑问句：以疑问代词或疑问副词开头，提出疑问的句子。 它的基本结构是：特殊疑问词一般疑问句语序。但是如果疑问词在句子中作主语或作主语的定语，就用特殊疑问词陈述句语序。常用的疑问词有：what, who(whom), whose,which,when,where,how,why
6、 等，回答时针对问句中的代词和副词来回答，不用 yes 或 no 来回答。 1)对指物名词或谓语动词提出疑问，疑问词用 what The twins were making a kite when their mother came in. （划线提问） _ _ the twins _ when their mother came in? Mrs Turner asked her son to buy some eggs for supper. （划线提问） _ _ Mrs Turner ask her son _ _? 2)对名词前定语提出疑问，疑问词应用 which，而且必须和名词连用。
7、Im going to take the shirt on the right.（划线提问） _ _ are you going to take? 3)对指人名词或代词提问用 who，作宾语时提问用 whom。 eg.Li Ping,they,his father 4)对物主代词和名词所有格提问用 whose。 eg. Li Pings coatWhose coat my fatherWhose father 5)对具体时间提出疑问，如 in the morning,last Sunday 等，疑问词用 when；对具体几点钟提问，疑问词应用 what time。 6)对具体地点提出疑问，疑问
8、词应用 where。 The pupils are having a picnic at the foot of the hill. （划线提问） _ _ the pupils having a picnic? 7)对表原因的从句提问，常见的有 because 引导的从句，疑问词应用 why。 Xiao Cheng didnt go to the farm with us because he was ill. （划线提问） _ _ Xiao Cheng go to the farm with us? 8)对方式或程度等提出疑问，用疑问词 How。 eg. go by bike like ve
9、ry much 9)对数量提出疑问，疑问词为 How many，要注意 how many 必须跟名词的复数形式。 eg. two hundred sheepHow many sheep 10)对价格提出疑问，疑问词用 How much。 eg. I paid fifty yuan for the sweater. _ _ did you pay for the sweater? 11)对时间长度提出疑问，疑问词应用 How long。 eg. Ive worked in that factory for two years. （划线提问）_ _ _ you worked in that fac
10、tory? 12)对时间频率，如 once a year, twice a week 等提问，疑问词用 How often。 13)对具体次数，如 once, twice, three times 等提问，疑问词用 How many times。 eg. _ did he call you the day before yesterday?Twice. A.What time B.How many times C.How much D.How long 14)对 in一段时间提问，疑问词一般用 How soon。 eg. Jane and her brother will finish the
11、 work in two hours. （划线提问） _ _ _ Jane and her brother finish the work? 15)对距离提出疑问，疑问词用 How far。 eg. Its about two kilometres from here to the country.（划线提问） _ _ _ _ from here to the country? 16)另外，对日期、星期、天气等提出疑问，则分别用 Whats the date? What day is it ? 如果是过去时间，就用 was 代替 is。 Whats the weather like? 练习题
12、1)She does exercises at home in the evening.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） She _ _ exercises at home in the evening. _ she _ exercises at home in the evening? 2)He said something important at the meeting.（改为否定句,一般疑问句） He _ _ _ important at the meeting. _ he _ _ important at the meeting? 3)Itll take them three weeks
13、to finish the work.（划线提问） _ _ _ it take them to finish the work? 4)I have to wash all the plates and things after meals.（划线提问） _ _ you have to wash all the plates and things? 5)The woman in the red coat is her mother.（划线提问） _ _ is her mother? 6)Li Ping spent twenty yuan on the dictionary.（划线提问） _ _
14、_ Li Ping _ on the dictionary? 思考题 1)The workers visited the factory already.（改成否定句、一般疑问句） The worker _ _ the factory _. _ the worker _ the factory _? 2)Both of his parents are workers.（改成否定句） _ of his parents _ a worker. 3)He went to the park with his sister.（划线提问） _ _ _ he go to the park? 4)We rea
15、lly enjoyed working on the farm.（划线提问） What _ you really enjoy _? 5)She writes to her parents once a week.（划线提问） _ _ _ she write to her parents? 6)Our P.E teacher has been at this school since he came.（划线提问） _ _ _ our P.E teacher been at this school? C.选择疑问句: 指提问者提供两种或两种以上情况,让对方从中作出选择的句子。它的基本结构是：一般疑
16、问句or一般疑问句（后一部分与前一部分相同的成分常常省略）。回答时，不用 yes 或 no 回答，而是选择其中一种回答。 eg. Would you like chicken or beef?回答时用 Id like beef. 填入“or“或“and“： Are they sitting _ standing in the classroom? The students stopped talking _ laughing when the teacher came in. Meimei likes boating. (用 swim 改成选择疑问句) _ Meimei _ boating _
17、 _? D.反意疑问句： 提出情况和看法来问对方是否同意的句子。它由两部分构成：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是简短的附加问句。 1.如果前一部分是肯定形式，后一部分通常用否定形式；如果前一部分是否定形式，后部分通常用肯定形式。 2.两部分的人称和时态必须一致。 3.附加问句的主语应用相应的代词，不能用名词。 4.附加问句动词的否定应用缩略形式。 1)Bills sister is going to work in Paris next month.（改成反意疑问句） Bills sister is going to work in Paris next month,_ _? 2)The R
18、eads dont enjoy living in China.(改成反意疑问句) The Reads dont enjoy living in China,_ _? 注意： 1、对于反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，则用 yes来回答，事实是否定的，则要用 no 回答。 eg. Li Lei never goes to school late,does he? 李雷上学从不迟到 ,是吗? 不，他迟到。 (事实是迟到的，则用 yes 回答. Yes,he does.) 是的，从不迟到。 (事实是不迟到，则用 no 回答. No,he doesnt.) 2、当陈述部分中含有
19、no, no one, nobody, nothing, never, little, few, hardly, tooto 等否定词时，附加疑问句部分用肯定形式。 eg.1)His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning. (改为反意疑问句) His aunt ate nothing for breakfast this morning, _ _? 2)Theres nothing wrong with the computer.（改为反意疑问句） Theres nothing wrong with the computer, _ _？ 3、反
20、意问句中要注意到有些词的缩略形式。 eg. s 既是 has 也是 is 的缩略形式。 d 既是 would 也是 had 的缩略形式。 eg.Hes already finished his homework.(改成反意问句 ) Hes already finished his homework, _ _? Hes already a little weak in English.(改成反意疑问句) Hes already a little weak in English,_ _? Hes often told to come here.(改成反意疑问句) Hes often told to
21、 come here, _ _? 4、当陈述部分带有 that 从句作宾语时，附加问句的主谓一般应与主句保持一致。但是如果主句动词是 think 时，附加问句的主谓一般应与从句主谓保持一致，如果 think 是否定形式，附加问句的谓语应是肯定形式。 eg. 1.They said that they would call us.(改成反意疑问句) They said that they would call us, _ _? 2.I dont think he will come. (改成反意疑问句) I dont think he will come, _ _? 5、陈述部分主语是 ever
22、yone, someone, no one, something, anything 等不定代词时，指人的不定代词，附加部分主语多用 he 来代替，指物的不定代词主语多用 it 来代替。 6、当陈述部分为 there be 句型时，附加问句部分用 be there 结构的肯定或否定形式。 三、感叹句：用来表达喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句，句末用感叹号。1、一般用感叹词 how 或 what 引导，how 修饰形容词或副词， what 修饰名词。 2、how 引导的感叹句，基本结构是： How形容词/副词主语谓语！（主谓可省略） eg. How beautiful the park
23、is! 3、What 引导的感叹句：基本结构是： Whata/an形容词可数名词（单数）主语谓语!（主谓可省） eg. What a nice girl (she is)! What形容词可数名词复数（或不可数名词）主语谓语！ eg. What beautiful flowers they are! 注意：What 感叹不可数名词时，名词前面不能加不定冠词 a/an 。 eg. What a good news it is! 类似的有：What bad weather! What hard work! What delicious food!等 练习题:（一） 1)_ good kind gi
24、rl she is! A.How B.What a C.What D.How a 2)_ bad weather! I hope it wont last long. A.How B.What C.What a D.How a 3)_ they are listening to the teacher! A.How careful B.What careful C.How carefully D.What carefully 练习题:（二） 1)He had lunch at home. （用 at school 改选择问句） _ he _ lunch at home _ at school?
25、 2)Hes never late for class. （改反意疑问句） Hes never late for class, _ _? 3)Mr Brown has few friends in this town.（改反意疑问句） Mr Brown has few friends in this town, _ _? 练习题:（三）选择 How 或 What（a/an）填空： (1)._ good news for all of us! (2)._ interesting book he has in his hand! (3)._ badly he hurt himself! (4)._
26、friendly she is to everyone! 思考题 1)Is Bruce an American _ an Australian? A.or B.but C.and D.so 2)_ wonderful time we have had. A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 3)_ modern cinema the workers are building. A.How B.How a C.What D.What a 4)The twins could swim when they were four.（改为反意问句） The twins could s
27、wim when they were four, _ _? 5)There is little meat in the fridge.（改为反意问句） There is little meat in the fridge, _ _? 四、祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句，主语 you 通常省略。1、祈使句的肯定形式：一般以动词原形开头。 Open the door, please. 2、祈使句的否定形式：在句首谓语动词前加 Dont。 Dont be late for class. 3、说话对象是第一人称和第三人称时，表示建议做某事。 Let me/us Let him/he
28、r/them eg. Lets go to school. 注意： 1)祈使句 and/or 简单句是常用句型 祈使句 + and + 简单句 表示“如果，就” 祈使句 + or + 简单句 表示“否则” eg. 1.Go down the street,and youll see a hospital. 2.Be quick,or well be late. 2)在祈使句后面，常常附加一个问句，使语气更加委婉。 eg.Tell me about it,will you/wont you? Dont tell anyone,will you? Lets go to school,shall we? Let us go out to play for a while,will you? 练习题 1)_ on the thin ice. Its dangerous. A.Dont skate B.Dont skating C.Skate D.Not skate 2)Lets fly the kite on the playground, _ _?（附加问句） 3)Please turn down the radio a bit, _ _?（附加问句）
