1、一、定语从句的翻译 二、状语从句的翻译 三、名词性从句的翻译 翻译技巧十、 常见句型的翻译 : Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attributive clauses. Different attributive
2、clauses may express different meanings such as purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no post-position attribute and there cant be too many modifiers preceding the modified word. All this
3、causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses. 一、定语从句的译法 I、译成前置定语 一般说来，限制性的定语从句可提前译成定语。还有一些定语从句，虽然并不明显地带有限制性质，但本身较短，和被修饰语的关系紧密，也可译成 前置定语 。 1. To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多 需要工作的 人提供就业机
4、会。 2. This is the solider who just returned from the front. 这是 刚从前线回来的 战士。 3. ChengduA city you will never want to say goodbye after arrival. 成都 一个你来了就不想离开的城市。 4. In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. 可是，近几年
5、来人们开始意识到城市也是 问题成堆的 地方。 当然 ， 有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句 ，对先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用 ， 有时也可以译为 前置定语 。 5. The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 那个整天躲在云层里的 太阳 ,现在又光芒四射地露面了 。 6. He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof冷漠 and arrogant高傲 .
6、 他喜欢 热情愉快的 妹妹 ， 而不喜欢 冷漠高傲的 哥哥 。 II . 译成后置定语 A、一些结构比较复杂，或者意思上有较强的独立性的限制性定语从句，通常可译为后置的并列句。采取这种译法往往要重复关系代词所代替的词，比如：有时可在此词之前加指示词“这”、“这些”或人称代词“他”、“他们”等等，来使译文明确。 7. This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task. 本书旨在为写作提供范例 ， 可以说这一直是一个难题
7、 。 8. Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. 物质是由分子组成的， 而分子又是由原子组成的。 9. But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. 听着， 我遇见一个人， 这 个人说你是有权解决这个问题的。 10. Day light comes from the sun, which is a mass of hot, glowing gas. 日光来自太阳， 太阳是一团炽热、发光的气体 。 B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系
8、不十分密切，只是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分开。在汉译时一般译为 后置并列分句 。如： 11.He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. 他把一切错误都归罪于我， 我认为这很不公平。 12. These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in American. 这些书是我在美国买 ,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部分 。 13. She was very patien
9、t towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很耐心 ， 而 她丈夫却很少这样 。 14. They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的， 那些酬劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难以置信的胜利得来的 。 15. I told the story to John,
10、who (=and he) told it to his brother. 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他的弟弟。 这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关系代词所代表的含义。（如例 13） 16. There are many people who want to select this major. 许多人要选这个专业 。 17. There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 楼下 有人要见你 。 III、溶合译法 溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于限制
11、性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出的 “ there be” 句型就是这样处理的。 18.You are the only person who could do it. 只有你才能做这件事。 19. He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. 他有个 二十岁的儿子现在正上大学 。 20. This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. 这是我第一次 和领导发生严重纠葛。 IV. 译成状语 有些定语从句从形式上看是定语
12、，但在意义上与主句有逻辑状语关系，对主句其原因、结果、目的、条件、让步等状语作用，翻译时应尽可能按照其语法功能，译成与汉语相对应的复句。 21. The computer, which seems to play the role of a human brain, is often called an electronic brain. 由于计算机起着类似人脑的作用，所以常常被称作电脑。（译成原因状从） 22. She insisted on buying another pair of roller skates, which she had no use of. 她坚持要买多一双旱冰鞋，
13、结果却一点用处也没有。 23. Rose took Chinese medicine which relieved her symptoms. 罗斯服了中药 ， 结果缓解了症状 。 （ 译成结果状从 ） 24. There is no bad habit that may not be cured by a strong willpower. 只要有坚强的意志 ， 就没有什么坏习惯改不掉 。 （ 译成条件状从 ） 25. The newswoman wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to shipwrec
14、k. 这位女记者想写篇文章 ， 以便能够引起公众对那起沉船事件的注意 。 （ 译成目的状语从句 ） 1. A rocket engine can work in space where there is no air. 2. She has invited me to visit her family, which is very kind of her . 3. He would be a short-sighted man who did not look beyond. 4. Here is the man whom you have been looking for. 5. Our t
15、wo countries are neighbors whose friendship is of long standing. 定语从句翻译练习： 翻译练习答案 1. 火箭发动机能够在太空中缺乏空气的状态下运行。 2. 她善意地邀请我去她家。 3. 没有洞察力的人等于近视。 4.这就是你一直在找的人。 5. 我们两国是有着长久友谊的邻邦。 I. 按照原文顺序译出状语从句 1. If you do not mind, I will turn off the heating. 如果你不介意，我就把暖气关上了。 2. As far as I know, there isnt such a word
16、 in English. 据我所知， 英语里并没有这个单词。 二、状语从句的翻译 3. Where water resources are plentiful, hydroelectric power stations are being built in large numbers. 哪里有充足的水源，哪里就在兴建大批的水电站。 4. Wherever you work, you must always serve the people whole-heartedly. 不论你在哪里工作，你一直都要全心全意地为人民服务。 状语从句的翻译 5. Though he was defeated i
17、n the election, he became famous for his fiery speeches against slavery. 虽然他竞选失败了，却以其反对蓄奴制度的激烈演说而出了名。 II. 状语从句译在主句之前 6. She is sure to come unless she has some urgent business. 除非她有急事，她一定回来的。 状语从句的翻译 7. Please turn off the light when you leave the dormitory. 离开宿舍，请关上电灯。 8. I will never give in, no m
18、atter what happens. 不管怎么样，我永远也不会屈服。 9. You should not get off until the bus stops. 车未停稳之前，你不要下车。 10. They started out as soon as the rain stopped. 雨一停，他们就出发了。 状语从句的翻译 III. 状语从句转译成其他类型的状语从句 11. Skill and patience will succeed where force fails. 在体力做不到的时候，技巧和耐心会帮助人成功。 （地点状从译为时间状从） 12. Though not in su
19、bstance, yet in form, economic reforms are at first a nation-wide revolution. 如果不就内容而就形式而言，经济改革首先就是一场全国性的革命。 （让步状从译为条件状从） 13. Why did you give up when you could make it? 既然你能成功，干嘛要放弃呢？ （ 时间状从译为让步状从 ） 状语从句的翻译 14. She sang resonantly, if slightly nasally. 她唱歌声音洪亮，尽管鼻音略显重了些。 （条件状从译为让步状从） IV. 状语从句译成非状语从
20、句 15. The boy shouted as he ran. 那个男孩一边跑，一边喊。 （译成并列句） 状语从句的翻译 16. If you melt two or more metals together, you can get a new metal. 将两种以上的金属熔化在一起，就可以产生一种新金属。 （译成复合句的主语） 18. The monkey was feeling a bit scared when suddenly the crocodile dived under the water. 猴子正感到有点儿害怕，鳄鱼突然向水下潜去。 19. As he had lots
21、 of time, he decided to go to the embankment first. 时间还早，他决定先到河岸大道去一下。 （内含因果关系的并列句） 20. I was just going to explain, when the bell rang. 我正要解释，铃声响了。 （译成并列句 ） 21. They asked her to stay where she was. 他们让她呆在原处。 (译成宾语） 22. The greedy officials dared to accept any presents, whoever sent them. 无论是谁送给他们的
22、礼品 ,这些贪官都敢收下。 （译为定语） 1. You may do as you please. （译成谓语） 2. When you have tanks of air on you, you can stay in deep water for a long time. （时间状从译成条件状从） 3. Where there is a will, there is a way. （地点状从译成 条件状从） 4. We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. (直译） 5. Tragedies can be written
23、 in literature since there is tragedy in life. （倒译） 练习： 1. 你 愿意 怎么做 都行 。 （译成谓语） 2. 如果你背着空气袋，你就能长时间地呆在深水中。（时间状从译成条件状从） 3. 有志者事竟成。（地点状从译成 条件状从） 4. 我们走得很匆忙，结果门都忘锁了。 5. 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 状语从句的翻译 练习答案 主语从句的常见译法 宾语从句的常见译法 表语从句的常见译法 同位语从句的常见译法 英语名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在翻译时，词序一般不变，但有时也需采取一些其他处理方法。 三、
24、名词性从句的翻译 名词性从句的翻译 .“It+被动语态 +that”句型 这种句型通常要译成汉语里的主动句，并增译出“大家”“我们” “有人” “人们”等泛指性的主语。该译法的特点保留了原文句子结构的前后顺序，即：先主句，后从句。有时也可译为“据 ” 的句型。如： It is reported that the Summit Meeting will be held in December. 据报道 ， 这个峰会将在月举行 。 I. 主语从句的译法 2. It could be argued that the radio performs this service just as well;
25、but on television everything is much more living, much more real. 可能有人会提出 ， 无线电广播同样能够做到这一点；但是在电视屏幕上 ， 每个节目都显得更加生动 ， 更加真实 。 3. It is well known that alloy is a metal product containing two or more elements. 众所周知 （ 大家都知道 ） ， 合金是一种含有两种或两种以上元素的金属产品 。 B. “It +谓语（表语） +that”句型 这样的主语从句句型可处理为 : (1) 先把主句的谓语或表语部分译成独立语，然后顺译出从句； (2) 颠倒原文句子结构，先译出从句，再译出主句。如： 4. It is strange that she have failed to see his advantages. 真奇怪，她竟然没有看出他的优点。 5. It goes without saying that plants cannot grow without sunshine. 毋庸置疑，没有阳光，植物就不能生长。 6. It is quite obvious that the girl still loves you deeply. 很明显，这个女孩依然深爱着你。
